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Developing Android REST Client Applications • View live notes and ask questions about this session on Google Wave:
–http://bit.ly/bHNnTm
3
REST Client Applications
4
REST Client Applications • REST: A broadly adopted architecture style
4
REST Client Applications • REST: A broadly adopted architecture style • A large number of REST APIs are available
4
REST Client Applications • REST: A broadly adopted architecture style • A large number of REST APIs are available • Why develop them if mobile friendly web sites already exist?
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Incorrect Implementation of REST Methods “I haven’t failed, I’ve found 10,000 ways that don’t work.” - Thomas Alva Edison
The Incorrect Implementation of REST Methods 1. Get, create, update, delete
Activity
CursorAdapter
Worker thread REST Method 2. GET/POST/ PUT/DELETE
3. Process data
Processor
4. Save data structure
Memory Storage 6
What’s wrong with this approach?
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What’s wrong with this approach? • The operating system may shut down the process
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What’s wrong with this approach? • The operating system may shut down the process • Data is not persistently stored
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Implementing REST Methods “There’s a way to do it better ... find it.” - Thomas Alva Edison
REST Method Implementation Patterns
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REST Method Implementation Patterns • Introducing three design patterns to handle REST methods – Use a Service API – Use the ContentProvider API – Use the ContentProvider API and a SyncAdapter
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Implementing REST Methods Option A: Use a Service API
Option A: Use a Service API Activity 1. initiate(param)
CursorAdapter
11. Callback to registered activities
Service Helper 2. startService(Intent)
8’. ContentObserver notification
8”. requery
10. Binder callback
Service 3. start(param)
9. Operation complete callback 4.insert/update
Processor 5. start(param)
8.insert/update 7. REST method complete callback
REST Method 11
Content Provider
6. GET/POST/PUT/DELETE
The REST Method
12
REST Method
The REST Method • An entity which: – Prepares the HTTP URL & HTTP request body – Executes the HTTP transaction – Processes the HTTP response
12
REST Method
The REST Method • An entity which: – Prepares the HTTP URL & HTTP request body – Executes the HTTP transaction – Processes the HTTP response
• Select the optimal content type for responses – Binary, JSON, XML – New in Froyo: JSON parser (same org.json API)
12
REST Method
The REST Method
REST Method
• An entity which: – Prepares the HTTP URL & HTTP request body – Executes the HTTP transaction – Processes the HTTP response
• Select the optimal content type for responses – Binary, JSON, XML – New in Froyo: JSON parser (same org.json API)
• Enable the gzip content encoding when possible
12
The REST Method
REST Method
• An entity which: – Prepares the HTTP URL & HTTP request body – Executes the HTTP transaction – Processes the HTTP response
• Select the optimal content type for responses – Binary, JSON, XML – New in Froyo: JSON parser (same org.json API)
• Enable the gzip content encoding when possible • Run the REST method in a worker thread
12
The REST Method
REST Method
• An entity which: – Prepares the HTTP URL & HTTP request body – Executes the HTTP transaction – Processes the HTTP response
• Select the optimal content type for responses – Binary, JSON, XML – New in Froyo: JSON parser (same org.json API)
• Enable the gzip content encoding when possible • Run the REST method in a worker thread • Use the Apache HTTP client
12
Option A: Use a Service API Activity 1. initiate(param)
Option A: Use a Service API Activity 1. initiate(param)
CursorAdapter
11. Callback to registered activities
Service Helper 2. startService(Intent)
8’. ContentObserver notification
8”. requery
10. Binder callback
Service 3. start(param)
9. Operation complete callback 4.insert/update
Processor 5. start(param)
8.insert/update 7. REST method complete callback
REST Method 16
Content Provider
6. GET/POST/PUT/DELETE
The Service
17
Service
The Service • The role of the service
17
Service
The Service
Service
• The role of the service • Forward path: receives the Intent sent by the Service Helper and starts the corresponding REST Method
17
The Service
Service
• The role of the service • Forward path: receives the Intent sent by the Service Helper and starts the corresponding REST Method • Return path: handles the Processor callback and invokes the Service Helper binder callback
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The Service
Service
• The role of the service • Forward path: receives the Intent sent by the Service Helper and starts the corresponding REST Method • Return path: handles the Processor callback and invokes the Service Helper binder callback • It can implement a queue of downloads
17
Option A: Use a Service API Activity 1. initiate(param)
CursorAdapter
11. Callback to registered activities
Service Helper 2. startService(Intent)
8’. ContentObserver notification
8”. requery
10. Binder callback
Service 3. start(param)
9. Operation complete callback 4.insert/update
Processor 5. start(param)
8.insert/update 7. REST method complete callback
REST Method 18
Content Provider
6. GET/POST/PUT/DELETE
The Service Helper
19
Service Helper
The Service Helper
Service Helper
• Singleton which exposes a simple asynchronous API to be used by the user interface
19
The Service Helper
Service Helper
• Singleton which exposes a simple asynchronous API to be used by the user interface • Prepare and send the Service request – Check if the method is already pending – Create the request Intent – Add the operation type and a unique request id – Add the method specific parameters – Add the binder callback – Call startService(Intent) – Return the request id
19
The Service Helper
Service Helper
• Singleton which exposes a simple asynchronous API to be used by the user interface • Prepare and send the Service request – Check if the method is already pending – Create the request Intent – Add the operation type and a unique request id – Add the method specific parameters – Add the binder callback – Call startService(Intent) – Return the request id
• Handle the callback from the service – Dispatch callbacks to the user interface listeners 19
Option A: Use a Service API Activity 1. initiate(param)
CursorAdapter
11. Callback to registered activities
Service Helper 2. startService(Intent)
8’. ContentObserver notification
8”. requery
10. Binder callback
Service 3. start(param)
9. Operation complete callback 4.insert/update
Processor 5. start(param)
8.insert/update 7. REST method complete callback
REST Method 20
Content Provider
6. GET/POST/PUT/DELETE
Handling the REST Method in an Activity
21
Activity & CursorAdapter
Handling the REST Method in an Activity
Activity & CursorAdapter
• Add an operation listener in onResume and remove it in onPause
21
Handling the REST Method in an Activity
Activity & CursorAdapter
• Add an operation listener in onResume and remove it in onPause • Consider these cases: – The Activity is still active when the request completes – The Activity is paused then resumed and then the request completes – The Activity is paused when the request completes and then Activity is resumed
21
Handling the REST Method in an Activity
Activity & CursorAdapter
• Add an operation listener in onResume and remove it in onPause • Consider these cases: – The Activity is still active when the request completes – The Activity is paused then resumed and then the request completes – The Activity is paused when the request completes and then Activity is resumed
• The CursorAdapter handles the ContentProvider notification by implementing a ContentObserver
21
Option A: Use a Service API Activity 1. initiate(param)
CursorAdapter
11. Callback to registered activities
Service Helper 2. startService(Intent)
8’. ContentObserver notification
8”. requery
10. Binder callback
Service 3. start(param)
9. Operation complete callback 4.insert/update
Processor 5. start(param)
8.insert/update 7. REST method complete callback
REST Method 22
Content Provider
6. GET/POST/PUT/DELETE
Implementing REST Methods Option B: Use the ContentProvider API
Option B: Use the ContentProvider API Activity & CursorAdapter 1. query, insert, update, delete
7’. ContentObserver notification
7”. query
Content Provider 2. start(Intent)
Service Helper 3. startService(Intent) 7. insert/update
Service 4. start(param)
REST Method 24
5. GET/POST/ PUT/DELETE
6. Process data
Processor
A Simple Pattern for the REST of us Option C: Use a ContentProvider API and a SyncAdapter “To have a great idea, have a lot of them.” -Thomas Alva Edison
A Simple Pattern Using the ContentProvider API Use a sync adapter to initiate all your REST methods
Content Provider 1.Get items that need to be synced 5. insert/ update/delete
Sync Adapter 2. start(param)
REST Method 3. GET/POST/ PUT/DELETE
26
4. Process data
Processor
6’. requery
Conclusions “The value of an idea lies in the using of it.” - Thomas Alva Edison
Conclusions
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Conclusions • Do not implement REST methods inside Activities
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Conclusions • Do not implement REST methods inside Activities • Start long running operations from a Service
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Conclusions • Do not implement REST methods inside Activities • Start long running operations from a Service • Persist early & persist often
28
Conclusions • Do not implement REST methods inside Activities • Start long running operations from a Service • Persist early & persist often • Minimize the network usage
28
Conclusions • Do not implement REST methods inside Activities • Start long running operations from a Service • Persist early & persist often • Minimize the network usage • Use a sync adapter to execute background operations which are not time critical – New in Froyo: Android Cloud to Device Messaging
28
Developing Android REST Client Applications • View live notes and ask questions about this session on Google Wave:
