Supplementary Material
Manuscript Title: Predation scars may influence host susceptibility to pathogens: evaluating the role of corallivores as vectors of coral disease
K. J. Nicolet1,2,3*, K. M. Chong-Seng2, M. S. Pratchett2, B. L. Willis1,2, M. O. Hoogenboom1,2
1
College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
2
ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811,
Australia 3
AIMS@JCU, Townsville 4811, Australia
*Corresponding author Katia Jane Nicolet James Cook Drive 1, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
Email:
[email protected]
a.
b.
c.
No Delay
12 Hours
24 Hours
d.
e.
f.
Injury Control
Pathogen infectivity Ctrl Water Control
Supplementary Material Figure S1: Experimental design to assess the vector potential of Drupella snails for both BrB and BBD in aquaria. Prior to the experiment, the snails were fed nubbins heavily infected with either BrB or BBD for 3 days. Then, three individual snails were allocated to one of three treatments (a) no delay treatment, where snails were rinsed for 5 sec in filtered seawater before being introduced to the experimental tank; (b) 12h delayed treatment, where snails were kept in a holding tank for 12h before being placed in the treatment tank; (c) 24h delayed treatment, where snails were held in a similar fashion for 24h. Three controls were also added: (d) an injury control, comprising a healthy nubbin injured with a scalpel blade; (e) a pathogen infectivity control, comprising a diseased nubbin cabled-tied to a healthy nubbin; and (f) a water control, with a single healthy nubbin.
a.
b.
Active transmission
Passive transmission with Passive transmission without predation fish predation e. f.
d.
Passive transmission ctrl Pathogen infectivity ctrl
c.
Water control
Supplementary Material Figure S2: Experimental design assessing the effect of predation by the butterflyfish Chaetodon plebeius on BBD and BrB transmission rates in an aquarium setting. Each replicate trial contained three treatments (a) active transmission, (b) passive transmission with fish predation, and (c) passive transmission without fish predation. The experiment also included three controls: (d) passive transmission without fish, (e) pathogen infectivity control, and (f) seawater system control.
N SE winds
Horseshoe Reef
Palfrey Island
20 cm
Supplementary Material Figure S3: Study sites and experimental design for the field experiment: Lizard Island, with arrows illustrating north and the prevailing wind direction, the two experimental sites, Horseshoe reef and South Palfrey Island, and experimental nubbins, either caged or uncaged, and location of the diseased nubbin in the middle of the block. Figure drawn by KJ Nicolet using Adobe Illustrator CC 2017 21.1.0 (©1987-2017), map imported from Google Maps (©2018).
R script Supplementary material Katia Nicolet 20 December 2015
Field Experiment Looking at the effect of predation on black band and brown band disease transmission rate. In this dataset: “Status” is the response variable, the health status of the nubbins at the end of the experiment, either healthy of infected. The different factors in the dataset: “nubbin” refers to individual replicate branch; “reef” is the reef site, either Horseshoe or Palfrey; “disease” is the disease type of the infected nubbin in the centre of the block, either black band or brown band; “condition” is the condition treatment of the experimental nubbin before the onset of the experiment, either healthy or bleached in fresh water; “caging” refers to whether the nubbin was protected from predation by a cage “infection” is a detailed version of the response variable “Status”. It lists the type of infections observed on the experimental nubbins at the end of the experiment. However, it was found to have no effect in preliminary statistical analysis. It was thus left out of the present analysis. Data infected
