Ontology–Based Knowledge Repository Support for Healthgrids Alexander Smirnov, Mikhail Pashkin, Nikolai Chilov, and Tatiana Levashova Computer Aided Integrated Systems Laboratory St.Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation of the Russian Academy of Sciences 39, 14th Line, St.Petersburg, 199178, Russia
[email protected]
April, 7-9 2005
HealthGRID 2005, Oxford, UK
Presentation Outline -
Introduction Background & Problem Area KSNet-Approach to Knowledge Logistics Case Study "Portable Hospital Arrangement" Case Study "Evacuation Operation Management" Conclusions and Future Work
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Introduction: Russian Academy of Sciences -
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Founded in 1724 The research umbrella organization of the Russian Government Members of the Academy: Academicians – 458; Corresponding Members - 686 363 units (Research Institutes and Centers) 116,500 personnel: 55,100 Researchers (10,000 D.Sc., and 26,000 Ph.D.)
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Introduction: SPIIRAS -
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St.Petersburg Institute for Informatics and Automation (SPIIRAS) Founded in 1978 Only 1 Russian Academy of Science Institute operating in Northwest Russia in Computer Science discipline 210 Personnel: 167 Researchers (29 D.Sc., and 56 Ph.D., 32 Ph.D. students) Grants Ph.D and Dr.Sc. (Technical) degrees
URL: http://www.spiiras.nw.ru
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Introduction: Current EU Grants & Projects -
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ILIPT - Intelligent Logistics for Innovative Product Technologies (European Community – Research Program on Information Society Technologies, 2004-2006, – project IST-2002-507592). IMS-NoE – Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (European Community – Research Program on Information Society Technologies, 2003-2005, – project IST-2001-65001) Knowledge Supply for Regional and Inter-Regional Networks of Small and Medium-Size Enterprises (Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education, 2003-2005) Information Modelling for Multi-Lingual System Development Across the Extended Enterprise and MultiAgent Systems (Cranfield University, UK, 2003-2005)
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Introduction: Collaboration History with USA Organizations -
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Currently: "Ontology-driven Information Integration from Heterogeneous Sources for Operational Decision Making Support" (CRDF partner project with US ONR and US AFRL) Mathematical Basics of Knowledge Discovery and Autonomous Intelligent Architectures: Knowledge Fusion in the Scalable Infosphere (USA Air Force Research Laboratory, 2000-2003 - project 1993P ) VRML-Based Ontology Modeling Tool (Ford Research Laboratory, Dearborn, MI, USA, 2002-2003) Custom-Oriented Management of Vehicles Supply Chain Using Fuzzy Coalition Games (Ford Research Center, Aachen, Germany, 1999–2000) Configuration and Optimization of Global Production Networks in Order to Improve Investment Efficiency over Total Facility Life-Time (Ford Research Center, Aachen, Germany, 1996-1999)
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Background & Problem Area: GRIDS -
Sharing Selection Aggregation
of distributed resources based on their -
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Availability Capability Performance Cost Quality-of-service requirements
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Background & Problem Area: GRIDS as Coalition Operations -
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Based on temporary alliances of loosely associated groups of autonomous agents (organization units, tools, people, etc.) Each agent has its own level of commitment to the coalition in which it participates, has its own agenda, and is engaged in a limited role within the operation Are very likely to be based on a number of different, quasi-volunteered, vaguely organized groups of people, organizations, institutions, etc.
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Background & Problem Area: Success Factors of Coalition Operations -
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Robustness: a coalition operation should not stop even if some of the network nodes stop Sensitivity and adaptability: when flexible enough the relationships between the operation's participants may be easily and quickly readjusted in accordance with changes in the environment Intensive knowledge / skills / experience exchange between the operation's participants resulting in maximization of the knowledge and skill potential of the coalition
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Background & Problem Area: e-Government / e-Business / e-Science Knowledge as a Major Resource Internationalization/Globalization Knowledge is a critical Increasing Competition resource of lasting Strategic collaborative competitive advantage research partnering Knowledge is more powerful - Rapidly Changing Environment than natural resources (Multi-source / resource organization, Mobile access, Knowledge resource has Distributed, Flexible, cost, location, access time Consumer-focused etc.) and life-time (95% of hightech company’s cost is a Project orientation knowledge-based capital Virtual problem-oriented teams cost) Context-driven interoperability Knowledge worker is an owner of knowledge and a member of a research team
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Background & Problem Area: Network-Centric Environment Open Service Reference Model
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Service Owner1 Marketplace2
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Intelligent Agents Open Services Ontology Management Markup Languages
Service Owner2
Legend: Marketplace3
Marketplace1
Service Provider Service Consumer Market Owner
Service Owner3
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Service Contract
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KSNet-Approach to Knowledge Logistics: The Concept -
"Knowledge Source Network" (KSNet) originates from the "Virtual Organization" concept based on synergistic use of knowledge from multiple sources
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Aim: acquisition, integration, and transfer of the right knowledge from right sources in the right context to the right person in the right time for the right purpose Approach: Configure a Knowledge Source Network (KSNet) from:
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end-users / customers, loosely coupled knowledge sources / recourses, tools and methods for information processing
Knowledge Source Network (KSNet) G'
B'
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K'
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• Knowledge Bases
I' E'
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• Experts • Repositories • Tools
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D E
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I r1
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Partne
Unit 2
G K
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K I E
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Unit 1
B A
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A Outsourcing Coalition Operation Members
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I Partne
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Elements of the Network
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KSNet-Approach to Knowledge Logistics: Knowledge Sharing Knowledge representation level
Knowledge sharing level
Object-oriented constraint networks as topic-independent fundamental model Model primitives Knowledge representation language (e.g., KIF, DAML+OIL, OWL) Language primitives
Universal abstraction level
Ontology library Tasks & methods Domain ontologies ontologies
Shared abstraction level
Application ontologies
Specific abstraction level
Knowledge map Knowledge ownership level April, 7-9 2005
Knowledge sources including humans
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Individual abstraction level SPIIRAS
Case Study "Portable Hospital Arrangement": Major Principles of Joint Activities -
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Objective. There must be a clearly defined, decisive and attainable objective Unity of effort. There must be a close coordination of all the members Legitimacy. Legitimacy involves sustaining the people's willingness to accept the right of the leader to make and carry out decisions Perseverance. Strategic goals may be accomplished by long-term involvement, plans, and programs Restrain. Coalitions put constraints on potential actions that can be undertaken by the members Security. Security is a very important issue in coalition operations, especially in those related to healthcare
Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Health Service Logistic Support in Joint Operations (http://www.dtic.mil/-doctrine/-jel/-new_pubs/-4_02_1.pdf )
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Case Study "Portable Hospital Arrangement": Problem Description -
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Health Service Logistics Support is a good example of integration of two major Emergency Function of Federal Response Plan (ESF1 “ Transportation” and ESF8 “Heath and Medical Service”). As a test problem “Mobile Hospital Configuration & Operation in Binni Region” was selected. This experiment is intended to demonstrate how the developed KSNet-approach can be used for support of coalition-based OOTW. Request: Define suppliers, transportation routes and schedules for building a hospital of given capacity at given location by given time for given disaster http://www.aiai.ed.ac.uk/project/coalition/binni/
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Case Study "Portable Hospital Arrangement": Subproblems (Simplified Example) Portable Hospital Arrangement Bill of Material Definition
Hospital Allocation
Hospital Components
Hospital Location
Suppliers Locations Routing Resource Allocation Bill of Material Definition - subproblems Hospital Components – example parameters
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Case Study "Portable Hospital Arrangement": Hospital Configuration Problem Decomposition Thing Legend:
Hospital configuration Medical equipment
Portable hospital
Disaster
Furniture
Transportation
Structures, building and construction components
Domain Ontology Class Task & Method Ontology Class is-a relationship part-of relationship associative relationship
Suppliers
BOM – Bill of Materials
Components definition BOM definition
Hospital allocation
Logistics
Resource allocation
Routing problem Route availability
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Case Study "Portable Hospital Arrangement": Hospital Configuration Problem: Prototype
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Major Features Time Costs Capacity
Capacity
Time Costs
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BOM Definition Injury specifics
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Required Supplies
Time Costs
Hosp. Allocation Geographical objects
Capacity
Hosp. Suppliers Definition Suppliers and their capacities
Hospital Location
Used Suppliers
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Routing Hosp. location Suppliers locations Path network SPIIRAS
Case Study "Evacuation Operation Management": Problem Description -
The chance to survive for wounded -
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This problem is very complex and includes tasks from such areas as: -
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Before: 3.2 in 1991 Gulf war Now: 7.4 injured service members for every killed in 2004 Iraq war (source: USA Today) To increase these chances even higher an efficient evacuation system has to be developed
Logistics Diagnosing …
Problem for the case study -
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produce efficient plans for treatment and evacuation of injured people based on information available in different sources 19
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Case Study "Evacuation Operation Management": Solution Framework Medical Data and Knowledge Bases (e.g. BUMED bases)
Microchip with personal info -Identity (id) (e.g. RFID) -initial personal data, such as age, diseases (e.g., diabetes, allergy, etc.), etc.
-ID -detailed personal information (diseases, medicines, etc.)
Geo Information System -information for diagnostics -possible courses of treatment and drug prescriptions
-weather conditions forecast -geography Solution -treat at site -use mobile ambulatory -help at site, then transport to naval hospital -transport to naval hospital immediately -…
Patient
-location -injury -time of injury -current condition
Mobile Ambulatory
Knowledge Fusion Based Intelligent Support System
-capacities -facilities -schedule
-capacities -facilities -schedule
-capacities -facilities -schedule
Schedule probability of survival probability threshold
Evacuation Facilities
Naval Hospital
feasible time span
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Conclusions (1) -
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The scalable architecture of the approach enables its extension with regard to knowledge/information sources number and, thereby, in regard to factors taken into account during complex problem solving Utilizing ontologies and compatibility of the employed ontology notation with modern standards (such as OWL) allows integration of the approach into existing processes and facilitates knowledge sharing with similar systems
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Conclusions (2) -
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The third (currently developing) generation of Grids is characterised by its holistic nature and is based on open standards and such technologies as intelligent agents and Web/Grid services The trend of involving richer semantics into the Grid caused appearance of so-called Semantic Grid. Presented here approach based on the technologies of intelligent agents, open services, ontology management and Semantic Web open standards (such as OWL) tightly correlates with the third generation of Grids The approach and its implementation are believed to contribute to development of future generation semantic-based healthgrids.
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Future Work: Context-Driven Methodology Constraints (values)
Decision maker
Situation Problem
Constraints (optimization criteria, values) Request Constraints (classes, attributes, relations) Ontology library
Abstract context
Operational context
Search problem
Refinement Constraints (attribute domains) Data and information sources
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Constraints (values) 23
Constraints (attribute domains, values)
Knowledge sources
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Thank you!
E-mail:
[email protected] ,
[email protected] April, 7-9 2005
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