Reading the Headlines Interpreting Turkey

Reading the Headlines Interpreting Turkey

Global Classroom Workshops made possible by:

THE NORCLIFFE FOUNDATION Photos by Marissa Smit

A Resource Packet for Educators COMPILED BY:

And World Affairs Council Members

Marissa Smit, Jennifer Lundstrem, and Tese Wintz Neighbor WORLD AFFAIRS COUNCIL February 27, 2013

READING THE HEADLINES: INTERPRETING TURKEY Table of Contents Background Information on Turkey Map .......................................................................................... 2 Geography and Environment .................................................... 3 Turkey and the U.S. Economic Fact Sheet................................. 5 Country Profiles and Introductory Resources ............................ 6 Turkish Language Learning ....................................................... 8

USING THIS RESOURCE GUIDE NOTE: Many of these descriptions were excerpted directly from the source website.

Highlights from the Turkish Cultural Foundation ..................... 9 History of Turkey Archaeology and Ancient Turkey ............................................ 10 The Byzantine Empire ............................................................. 12 Turkish Anatolia and the Ottomans ........................................ 15 Modern Turkey ....................................................................... 19

Recommended

Resource The Day After: Common Core Connection Audio

Turkey and the Armenians ...................................................... 21 Contemporary Life in Turkey

Breaking Stereotypes

Politics and Economics ............................................................ 22 Energy Industry ....................................................................... 24 Educational System ................................................................ 26

Charts and Graphs

Religion and Ethnic Diversity ................................................... 27 Women in Turkey .................................................................... 30

Maps

Arts and Culture Contemporary Society ............................................................ 33 Visual Arts ............................................................................... 35

Visual Media

Music ...................................................................................... 37 Literature and Architecture ..................................................... 38 Reading the Headlines: Turkey in the News

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM)

Turkey and the Middle East ..................................................... 41 Turkey and Europe .................................................................. 44 Turkey and the Kurds .............................................................. 46

Lesson Plans/Educator Resources

Turkey and Asia....................................................................... 48 Turkey and the U.S. ................................................................. 49

Educational Games

News Sources ...................................................................... 51 Reading Lists ...................................................................... 52 Local and National Organizations ......................................... 55

Resources from Turkey

Lesson Plans from 2012 Teacher Tour Participants ................ 58

World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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MAP Did You Know? Turkey borders four different seas: the Aegean, the Mediterranean, the Sea of Marmara, and the Black Sea.

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/maptemplate_tu.html Fast Facts Capitol: Ankara Official Language: Turkish Currency: Turkish Lira Area: 314,500 sq. miles (slightly larger than Texas!) Date of Independence: October 29, 1923

Did You Know?

Population: 79.7 million (July, 2012) Population Growth Rate: 1.197% Urban Population: 70% of total population (2010)

Turkey has 7,200 km of coastline. Arable land makes up 29.81% of Turkey’s total area. Its lowest point is the Mediterranean, at 0 meters, while its highest point is the peak of Mt. Ararat at 5,166 m.


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GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT Turkish Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/Start.do The official statistical agency of the Turkish state, with information on agriculture, business, education, employment, the environment, energy, debt, trade, income, population, health, and more. Geography of Turkey http://www.turkishodyssey.com/turkey/geo/geo.htm Information about Turkey’s soil, rivers, lakes, and environmental regions. Regions of Turkey Map http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turkey_regions.png United States Energy Information Administration— Turkey: Environmental Issues http://www.nuce.boun.edu.tr/turkey.html Marissa Smit Turkey's economic emergence has brought with it fears of increased environmental degradation. As Turkey's economy experienced high levels of growth in the mid-1990s, the country's boom in industrial production resulted in higher levels of pollution and greater risks to the country's environment. With domestic energy consumption on the rise, Turkey has been forced to import more oil and gas, and the resultant increase in oil tanker traffic in the Black Sea and Bosporus Straits has increased environmental threats there. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Relations with the European Union in the Field of Environment http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-with-the-european-union-in-the-field-of-environment.en.mfa The EU accession process gives Turkey some responsibilities to introduce a series of fundamental reforms. Did You Know About Turkey’s Ecological Issues? http://www.esee2011.org/index.php?p=22 Neither East nor West… This stereotypical assessment of where Turkey stands geographically and geopolitically plays an important role in both its ecological composition, and concerns related to its environment and ecology. As a land of transition between three continents, Turkey is a country that has critical natural and biological reserves at the global level (see the below map for its biodiversity hotspots) and diverse species and agro-environmental landscapes. Conservation International: The Irano-Anatolian Biodiversity Hotspot http://www.conservation.org/where/priority_areas/hotspots/europe_central_asia/IranoAnatolian/Pages/default.aspx Nearly 400 plant species are found only along the Anatolian Diagonal, a floristic line that crosses Inner Anatolia; many of Turkey’s 1,200 endemic species occur only to the immediate east or west of it. The hotspot includes four endemic and threatened species of viper. Santa Barbara Independent: Turkey’s Environmental Agenda—UN Exerts Top-Down Pressure (05/23/2010) http://www.independent.com/news/2010/may/23/turkeys-environmental-agenda/ World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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GEOGRAPHY AND THE ENVIRONMENT The task force’s main goals span the fields of water, air, nature, and biodiversity management, while working with international commitments to handle Turkey’s special circumstances as a middle-income country. Understanding the Middle East Through Geography and Demography http://www.outreachworld.org/resource.asp?curriculumid=285 This lesson plan uses geography and demography to examine this important area. Students learn about the entire region by studying a sub-region in depth through small group, cooperative learning. Students are divided into six groups and each is assigned to a specific sub-region. They examine geographical and statistical data of their sub-region, apply it to the group's "working map," transfer information to a large class map of the entire area, and then share through collaborative learning. Christian Science Monitor: With Wildlife Corridor, Turkey Tackles an Ecological Crisis (03/02/2012) http://www.csmonitor.com/World/2012/0302/With-wildlife-corridor-Turkey-tackles-an-ecological-crisis In Turkey, where conservation tends to get short shrift, environmentalists are excited about a plan to create a 58,000-acre wildlife corridor in hopes of bolstering dwindling populations of wolves, bears, and lynxes. Perry-Castaneda Library Map Collection—Turkey http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/turkey.html Includes CIA and Atlas maps of Turkey, including political and geographical details. Also has several timelines and other resources, particularly:   

Caspian Region Oil Pipelines (2002) Turkey: Land Use (1993) Kurdish Lands (location map) (1992)

Use with Where They Were: Using Maps Across the Curriculum http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/ 09/12/where-they-were-using-mapsacross-the-curriculum/

Maps: Earthquake in Turkey on October 23, 2011 http://www.zki.dlr.de/article/2135 On Sunday October 23, 2011 an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 at 5 km depth hit the province of Van in eastern Turkey, followed by a series of powerful aftershocks of magnitudes up to 5.6. The epicentre was located at 38° 37' 40.80"N, 43° 29' 9.60"E, at the village of Tabanli 19 km northeast of the city of Van between the Van Lake and the Iranian border. Several municipalities around the Van Lake were affected. Hürriyet: Protecting the Environment is Low Priority for Turks, Says Report (05/16/2011) http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=protecting-the-environment-is-notthe-highest-priority-for-turkish-people-says-report-2011-05-16 A very small minority of people in Turkey believes environmental issues are a major concern in Turkey, according to a questionnaire called “Environment in Turkey,” conducted in the framework of International Social Survey Program by Professor Ersin Kalaycıoğlu of Sabancı University and Professor Ali Çarkoğlu of Koç University. The questionnaire was carried out in 64 provinces during October and December by talking with 1,665 households out of the chosen 3,000. About 57.4 percent of the 3,000 addressees who received the questionnaire replied. Only 1.3 percent of those who replied said Turkey’s major problem was the environment.


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TURKEY AND THE U.S. ECONOMIC FACT SHEET This map displays the value of U.S. exports to Turkey by state.

Information from the U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration www.trade.gov

U.S.

Turkey

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $1.125 trillion (2012 est.)

GDP (Purchasing Power Parity): $15.67 trillion (2012 est.)

GDP Per Capita: $15,000 (2012 est.)

GDP Per Capita: $49,800 (2012 est.)

Labor Force: 27.11 million

Labor Force: 154.9 million

Unemployment Rate: 9% (2012 est.)

Unemployment Rate: 8.2% (2012 est.)

Population Below the Poverty Line: 16.9% (2010)

Population Below the Poverty Line: 15.1% (2010 est.)

Imports: machinery, chemicals, fuels, and transport equipment

Imports: agricultural products, crude oil, automobiles, clothing, medicines, furniture

Exports: apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, and metal manufactures

Exports: agricultural products, organic chemicals, aircraft, computers, consumer goods

Information from the CIA World Factbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/index.html


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COUNTRY PROFILES AND INTRODUCTORY RESOURCES National Geographic Travel: Country Profile —Turkey http://www3.nationalgeographic.com/places/countries/country_turkey.html This site contains general information about Turkey, including fast facts, maps, history, related articles, and travel links. Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS): Turkey http://www.csis.org/turkey/ The CSIS Turkey Project was established in June 1994 as the first program in Washington D.C. focusing exclusively on Turkey. Through its continuous tracking and analysis of Turkish developments and its regular Turkey Updates, the Turkey Project has made a significant contribution to the policy debate about Turkey in Washington. Economist Country Briefing: Turkey http://www.economist.com/countries/Turkey/ Contains recent articles on Turkey, a basic fact sheet, statistics, an explanation of the political structure, and a map, among other useful links. World Bank Profile: Turkey http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/TURKEYEXTN/0,,menuPK:36171 8~pagePK:141159~piPK:141110~theSitePK:361712,00.html Turkey joined the World Bank in 1947 and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) in 1956. Since the start of the country program, 163 projects for a total amount of $25.3 billion were approved by the World Bank’s Board of Directors. Library of Congress Country Profile: Turkey http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/trtoc.html This is a comprehensive profile on Turkey compiled by the U.S. Library of Congress. It contains detailed information split into different chapters focusing on Turkey’s origin, history, society, culture, economy, politics, and national security. BBC Country Profile: Turkey http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/country_profiles/1022222.stm The BBC Country Profile includes background information on Turkey, country facts, and leadership and media information. It also links to recent news articles relating to Turkey. All About Turkey http://www.adiyamanli.org/all_about_turkey.htm This site was developed by a Turkish tour guide and is meant to introduce visitors to the basics of Turkish history, culture, politics, regions, and to Turkey’s tourist destinations. It is a database of facts and information about different aspects of Turkey and its people including a slideshow, other multimedia resources, and an online reference library. Turkey Presentation http://www.goldenhorn-rotary.com/ercu/ERCU_FLASH_eng.html Presented by the Istanbul Halic Rotary Club, this is a ten-minute long presentation showing pictures of Turkey alongside some interesting facts about the country.


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COUNTRY PROFILES AND INTRODUCTORY RESOURCES Middle East Institute: Turkey http://www.mei.edu/region/turkey Since 1946, the Middle East Institute has been an important conduit of information between Middle Eastern nations and American policymakers, organizations, and the public. This website contains background information on Turkey, links to related sites, and recent articles concerning Turkey’s relations with its neighbors. Permanent Mission of Turkey to the United Nations http://turkuno.dt.mfa.gov.tr/default.aspx The Permanent Mission of Turkey to the UN invites visitors to browse its site to learn about Turkey’s activities at the United Nations. The site is frequently updated and contains a variety of links regarding modern life in Turkey. It also contains information about Turkey’s bid to become a member of the United Nation’s Security Council. PBS—Commanding Heights Country Profile: Turkey http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/hi/countries/co.html?tr Timeline and development statistics for Turkey between 1910 and 2003. Who are the Turks? http://www.globaled.org/announcement050227.php A 284-page curriculum guide aimed at understanding the state of Turkey—its history, its evolution, its culture, and its literature. (Free download) Are You Listening? Voices from the Middle East http://cmes.hmdc.harvard.edu/outreach/resources/are This very popular anthology, produced by The Outreach Center, consists of short stories and excerpts from memoirs and novels written by indigenous authors and translated and adapted for the U.S. classroom. The anthology includes stories from Turkey, Israel, Iran, and the Arab world, tested and selected for their cultural richness and their appeal to young adults. It includes curriculum units for each, extensive background notes, a glossary of Middle Eastern words and phrases, and a comprehensive bibliography related to the themes and issues in the stories as further reference for teachers and students. Marissa Smit World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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TURKISH LANGUAGE LEARNING Turkish For Kids http://turkishforkids.com/About-us29.php Includes lessons on greetings, numbers, colors, and more. Turkish Words and Phrases for Travelers http://www.loecsen.com/travel/0-en-67-2-65-freelessons-turkish.html Basic words and useful phrases for travelers.(With audio recordings)

Some Turkish Words and Phrases

Merhaba (mehr hah bah) Hello

BBC Languages Guide to Turkish http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/other/turkish/guide/ Ten facts, 20 key phrases, and the alphabet. Ethnologue Report for Turkey http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?nam e=TRA There are 23 languages spoken in Turkey. This site provides statistical information on each language, who speaks it, and where it is spoken.

Lütfen (luet fen) Please

Teşekkür ederim (teh shek uer eh der eem) Thank you

Turkic Languages http://titus.unifrankfurt.de/didact/karten/turk/turklm.htm This website provides a color-coded map of Turkey and its surroundings, highlighting the regions around the world where Turkic languages are spoken. Turkish Language Support System http://www.princeton.edu/~turkish/practice/tlepss.ht ml This site from Princeton College gives some introductory online Turkish lessons which include audio clips. UCLA Language Materials Project: Turkish http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=67&m enu=004 About 56 million people speak Turkish. Most of them live in Turkey where Turkish is the official language and 90 percent of the population speaks it as a first language. Turkish is also the language spoken at home by people who live in the areas that were governed by the Ottoman Empire. This website contains information on the history of the Turkish language and on its current situation.


Evet (eh vet) Yes

Hayır (hah yuhr) No

İyi günler (e yee guen ler) Good day

Hoşgeldiniz (hosh gel din iz) Welcome

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HIGHLIGHTS OF THE TURKISH CULTURAL FOUNDATION About http://www.turkishculturalfoundation.org/pages.php?ID=1 The Turkish Cultural Foundation was established on January 1, 2000. The Foundation promotes and preserves Turkish culture and heritage worldwide, and helps to build cultural bridges between Turkey and other countries to support a better understanding and appreciation of Turkish cultural heritage. Turkish Culture Portal http://www.turkishculture.org/ Turkish Culture is unique in the world in that it has influenced and has been influenced in return by cultures and civilizations from China to Vienna and from Russian steps to North Africa for over a millennium.

Teaching Tip Set up a potluck, and encourage students to prepare a dish featured on the website. Have them talk about a particular ingredient or flavor from their recipe. Can this be found in any of the foods they regularly eat? Turkish Music Portal http://www.turkishmusicportal.org/ind ex.php Explore the history of Turkish music, review instruments of Turkish classical and folk music, meet composers and performers, and more!

Who’s Who in Turkish Culture and Art http://www.turkishculture.org/whoiswh o.htm An online database of Turkish artists, artisans and academicians in Turkey and around the world.

Teaching Tip Have your students pick five objects from the culture pages at left, each from a different category. Then, have them write a short story incorporating these objects.

Turkish Cuisine Portal http://www.turkishcuisine.org/english/index.php A special project which explores the many different aspects of Turkey’s rich culinary culture, including history, sociology, beliefs, ingredients and techniques; with recipes. Selected Videos from the Turkish Art and Culture Lecture Series Christian Art Under Ottoman Rule (1:01:56) http://vimeo.com/56425899 Dr. Machiel Kiel An American in Ankara 1921 (56:15) http://vimeo.com/43524149 Dr. Heath Lowry On the Path of Evliya Celebi and Katrakci Nasuh (41:00) http://vimeo.com/33335814 Dr. Nurhan Atasoy

Find more at: http://www.turkishculturalfoundation.org/pages.php? ID=66 World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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HISTORY: ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANCIENT TURKEY The New York Times: Seeking Return of Art, Turkey Jolts Museums (10/01/2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/01/arts/design/turkeys-efforts-to-repatriate-art-alarmmuseums.html?ref=danbilefsky An aggressive campaign by Turkey to reclaim antiquities it says were looted has led in recent months to the return of an ancient sphinx and many golden treasures from the region’s rich past. But it has also drawn condemnation from some of the world’s largest museums, which call the campaign cultural blackmail. Hürriyet: Turkish PM Blames Archaeological ‘Stuff’ for Marmaray Tunnel Delay (02/27/2011) http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=hh-pm-blames-archeologicalfindings-for-8220marmaray8221-delay-2011-02-27 The discovery of “archaeological stuff” on the Bosphorus seabed kept the Marmaray Tunnel from being completed by the end of 2010, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said Saturday during his visit to the underground project site. A Time Travel into History http://www.twarp.com/titr/timetrav.htm If you are ready, I'll take you to the prehistoric times in Anatolia (Turkey) for a walk into the land of the legends and a multitude of civilizations. We will do our travel in three steps. For each time zone you will see where you are on a tiny map. I strongly suggest you to follow the tour if you are a first timer at this site. Asia Minor http://www.unrv.com/provinces/asia-minor.php The district of Asia Minor, or Anatolia of the Greek World, is among the first cradles of human civilization. Some of the earliest Neolithic settlements in the Middle East have been found in Asia Minor. Hittites http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/westasia/history/hittites.htm The Hittites were Indo-European people who seem to have moved south from the Caspian Sea into southern Turkey around 2000 BC, about the same time that the Trojans were moving into Troy and the Greeks were moving into Greece. The Hittites were different from the Semitic people who had lived there before, like the Akkadians, or the Amorites, because the Hittites rode horses and knew how to make chariots and wagons for the horses as well. But pretty soon after the Hittites came to Turkey, the knowledge of horses spread all over West Asia and into Egypt as well. Current Archaeology in Turkey (University of New England) http://www.une.edu.au/cat/ Welcome to Current Archaeology in Turkey, a resource Teaching Tip: for archaeological research in Turkey. This site aims to Have students split up into provide up-to-date information on projects currently groups, and have each group operating in Turkey and is revised regularly. research the sites in a particular region of Turkey by using the map Ancient Anatolia from Current Archaeology in http://www.ancientanatolia.com/index.htm Turkey. In this web site, I focus on the early history of Anatolia, beginning from the Palaeolithic age to the end of Hellenistic Period.


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HISTORY: ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANCIENT TURKEY National Geographic: Gobekli Tepe—The Birth of a Religion (06/2011) http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/06/gobekli-tepe/mann-text We used to think agriculture gave rise to cities and later to writing, art, and religion. Now the world’s oldest temple suggests the urge to worship sparked civilization. Archaeology: The World’s First Temple (11/2008) http://www.archaeology.org/0811/abstracts/turkey.html The oldest man-made place of worship yet discovered, Göbekli Tepe is "one of the most important monuments in the world," says Hassan Karabulut, associate curator of the nearby Urfa Museum. He and archaeologist Zerrin Ekdogan of the Turkish Ministry of Culture guide me around the site. Their enthusiasm for the ancient temple is palpable. The Smithsonian Magazine: Gobekli Tepe—The World’s First Temple? http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/gobekli-tepe.html Predating Stonehenge by 6,000 years, Turkey's stunning Gobekli Tepe upends the conventional view of the rise of civilization. Photo Gallery: Çatalhoyuk Gobekli Tepe: The World’s First http://www.catalhoyuk.com/ Temple? This website is designed for those interested in the ongoing http://www.smithsonianmag.com/m excavations at Çatalhöyük, Turkey. Its aim is to provide ultimedia/photos/?c=y&articleID=30 information about the activities of the project and of the 706129 different aspects of the research being conducted at Çatalhöyük. The Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük was first discovered in the late 1950s and excavated by James Mellaart between 1961 and 1965. The site rapidly became famous internationally due to the large size and dense occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wall paintings and other art that was uncovered inside the houses. Mysteries of Çatalhoyuk! http://www.smm.org/catal/ This site, sponsored by the Science Museum of Minnesota, allows students to explore the ancient site of Catalhoyuk through games, video, virtual tours and other media. The site also offers hypothetical explanations for various findings in both video and comic book format. Students can explore the dig site, play a game to prepare a Neolithic dinner or practice archeological methods by restoring a postcard. Photo Gallery: The Museum in Selcuk with Ephesus Finds http://www.pbase.com/doss eman/selcukmuseum Photos of the archaeological finds from Ephesus.

Smithsonian Magazine: Chasing the Lydian Hoard (09/14/2008) http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Loot-Chasing-theLydian-Hoard.html In the following excerpt from the chapter titled “Chasing the Lydian Hoard,” Waxman tracks a Turkish journalist’s dogged quest for the return of looted artifacts, the ultimate outcome of that quest and its consequences.

Smithsonian Journeys Blog: For the Best Greek and Roman Ruins, See…Turkey? (05/21/2009) http://www.smithsonianjourneys.org/blog/2009/05/21/for-the-best-greek-and-roman-ruins-seeturkey/ It is sometimes said that Turkey has better Greek ruins than Greece and better Roman ruins than Italy. Certainly, the classical ruins of Turkey rank among the best in the Mediterranean world.


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HISTORY: ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANCIENT TURKEY Ephesus http://www.ephesus.us/ This enclosure for archaeological remains at Ephesus elegantly reconciles historic conservation with accessibility for visitors. The site of a succession of great ancient civilizations, Ephesus, on the southwest coast of modern Turkey, embodied a peculiarly fertile synthesis of architecture and culture. Project Troia http://www.uni-tuebingen.de/troia/eng/index.html Project Troia is an archeological excavation taking place in the northwest region of Turkey. The site at Troy has become an important point of reference for the chronology of the ancient world from the early Bronze Age through the Roman Empire. UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Ancient Turkey Hierapolis-Pamukkale http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/485 Deriving from springs in a cliff almost 200m high overlooking the plain, calcite-laden waters have created at Pamukkale (Cotton Palace) an unreal landscape, made up of mineral forests, petrified waterfalls and a series of terraced basins. At the end of the 2nd century B.C. the dynasty of the Attalids, the kings of Pergamon, established the thermal spa of Hierapolis. The ruins of the baths, temples and other Greek monuments can be seen at the site. Archaeological Site of Troy http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/849 Troy, with its 4,000 years of history, is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world. The first excavations at the site were undertaken by the famous archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann in 1870. In scientific terms, its extensive remains are the most significant demonstration of the first contact between the civilizations of Anatolia and the Mediterranean world. Nemrut Dag http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/448 The mausoleum of Antiochus I (69–34 B.C.), who reigned over Commagene, a kingdom founded north of Syria and the Euphrates after the breakup of Alexander's empire, is one of the most ambitious constructions of the Hellenistic period. Neolithic Site of Chatalhoyuk http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1405 Two hills form the 37 hectare site on the Southern Anatolian Plateau. The taller eastern mound contains eighteen levels of Neolithic occupation between 7400 B.C.E. and 6200 B.C.E. including wall paintings, reliefs, sculptures and other symbolic and artistic features. Together they testify to the evolution of social organization and cultural practices as humans adapted to a sedentary life. Hattusha, the Hittite Capital http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/377 The archaeological site of Hattusha, former capital of the Hittite Empire, is notable for its urban organization, the types of construction that have been preserved (temples, royal residences, fortifications), the rich ornamentation of the Lions' Gate and the Royal Gate, and the ensemble of rock art at Yazilikaya. The city enjoyed considerable influence in Anatolia and northern Syria in the 2nd millennium B.C.E. World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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HISTORY: THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Early Christianity in Turkey: Lesson Plan http://socialscience.tjc.edu/mkho/fulbright/1998/turkey/turman2.htm Involves 3 units with a historical, a Biblical or literary approach, and an art historical approach. Byzantium 1200 http://www.byzantium1200.com/ Byzantium 1200 is a non-funded and non-profit project aimed at creating computer reconstructions of the Byzantine Monuments located in Istanbul, Turkey as of year 1200 AD.

Teaching Tip: Have students take a virtual tour of medieval Constantinople, then use one of the links on page 33 to do the same for modern Istanbul. How has the city changed?

The History of Byzantium Podcasts http://thehistoryofbyzantium.wordpress.com/ “The History of Byzantium” is a podcast dedicated to the story of the Roman Empire from the fall of the West in 476 to the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Hagia Sophia Museum Virtual 360° Tour http://www.360tr.com/34_istanbul/ayasofya/english/ Anatolia and the Caucasus, 500-1,000 C.E. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/?period=06®ion=waa In Anatolia, Byzantine art and architecture flourishes, particularly in the sixth-century cities along the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts—including Ephesus, Sardis, and Aphrodisias—and in the region of Cappadocia, notable for its medieval, rock-cut structures. UNESCO Sites of Byzantine Turkey

Historic Center (Chora) with the Monastery of Saint John http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/942 The small island of Pátmos in the Dodecanese is reputed to be where St. John the Theologian wrote both his Gospel and the Apocalypse. A monastery dedicated to the ‘beloved disciple’ was founded there in the late 10th century and it has been a place of pilgrimage and Greek Orthodox learning ever since. Goreme National Park and the Rock Sites of Cappadocia http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/357 In a spectacular landscape, entirely sculpted by erosion, the Göreme valley and its surroundings contain rock-hewn sanctuaries that provide unique evidence of Byzantine art in the postIconoclastic period. Dwellings, troglodyte villages and underground towns—the remains of a traditional human habitat dating back to the 4th century—can also be seen there.

Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection http://www.doaks.org/museum/byzantine The Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine Collection is one of the finest collections of artifacts from the Byzantine Empire. Spanning the imperial, ecclesiastical, and secular realms, the collection comprises more than twelve hundred objects from the fourth to the fifteenth centuries. Byzantium: The Internet Medieval Sourcebook http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1c.html Selected sources in translation for the study of Byzantium, by period as well as theme. Byzantium Timeline and Lesson Plan http://www.discoveryeducation.com/teachers/fr ee-lesson-plans/byzantium.cfm Students will understand the following: that rule and control of the city that began as Byzantium and that we now call Istanbul shifted many times, and that at times the city was a center of great culture.


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HISTORY: THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Anna of Byzantium Lesson Plan http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/lesson-plan/anna-byzantium-lesson-plan Anna Comnena is a princess with a very promising future. As the eldest child of Alexius I, the ruler of the Byzantine Empire, she will be his successor to the throne. Unit Plan: Byzantine Civilization: The Missing Link http://www.coreknowledge.org/mimik/mi mik_uploads/lesson_plans/505/Byzantine %20Civilization%20%20The%20Missing% 20Link.pdf Have you ever wondered what happened after the fall of Rome? This is a sevenlesson unit designed to link the study of the Roman Empire to the Byzantine Civilization, which is contained in the third grade Core Knowledge Sequence. Byzantium http://www.discoveryeducation.com/teach ers/free-lesson-plans/byzantium.cfm Students will create a timeline to conceptualize the shifts in leadership, technology, and the arts that occurred in what is now called Istanbul from 700 B.C.E. to 1600 C.E. The Byzantine Empire "Constantinople, the Capital of the Byzantine Empire" Marissa Smit http://www.glencoe.com/sec/socialstudies/ worldhistory/hh2004/content.php4/1320/5 Students will use information from The Travel Guide for Istanbul and Turkey Web site to learn about the ancient city of Constantinople. Students will browse "The Byzantine" topic to read about the city's history and its Byzantine art and architecture. Students will then answer four questions and apply this information by preparing an oral presentation on the people and culture of Constantinople. The Glory of Byzantium http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm The Byzantine Empire, founded when the capital of the Roman Empire was transferred from Rome to Constantinople in 324, existed in the eastern Mediterranean area until the fifteenth century. This article was created specifically for educators by the Metropolitan Museum and contains a brief history of the Byzantine Empire. The Crusades: Voices and Perspectives http://www.outreachworld.org/resource.asp?curriculumid=296 Using primary sources, timelines and historical guides, students learn about the Crusades through the Byzantine, European, Jewish, and Muslim perspectives.


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HISTORY: TURKISH ANATOLIA AND THE OTTOMANS The Travels of Ibn Battuta—A Virtual Tour with the 14th Century Traveler http://outreachworld.org/Files/cmes_harvard/teaching_ottoman_history.pdf You will be following along on trips in the footsteps of Ibn Battuta, the famous 14th century traveler. Along the way you will see many of the same sights that he saw. There will be many links to help you understand what he saw. There will even be links that bring you into "side trips" and enable you to see into the future - beyond the 14th century. A Poet and a Mystic: Jalaluddin Rumi—Carol Tell http://sunnirazvi.net/poetry/rumi.htm Biography of Rumi, but also helpful lesson plans and ways to connect Rumi to other teaching topics in social studies.

UNESCO Sites of Turkish Asia Minor City of Safranbolu http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/614 From the 13th century to the advent of the railway in the early 20th century, Safranbolu was an important caravan station on the main East–West trade route. The Old Mosque, Old Bath and Süleyman Pasha Medrese were built in 1322. During its apogee in the 17th century, Safranbolu's architecture influenced urban development throughout much of the Ottoman Empire. Great Mosque and Hospital of Divrigi http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/358 This region of Anatolia was conquered by the Turks at the beginning of the 11th century. In 1228–29 Emir Ahmet Shah founded a mosque, with its adjoining hospital, at Divrigi. The mosque has a single prayer room and is crowned by two cupolas. The highly sophisticated technique of vault construction, and a creative, exuberant type of decorative sculpture—particularly on the three doorways, in contrast to the unadorned walls of the interior—are the unique features of this masterpiece of Islamic architecture.

The Seljuks http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/islam/his tory/seljuks.htm The Seljuks were Turkic nomads from Turkmenistan, related to the Uighurs, who entered the Abbasid empire around 950 AD and gradually converted to Sunni Islam. By 1030 they were beginning to try to get power for themselves, and they soon conquered the Ghaznavids (who were also Turkic) and controlled most of Persia (modern Iran). BBC: Religion and Ethics—Islam (Ottoman Empire) http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam /history/ottomanempire_1.shtml This seven-page overview asks “why was the Empire successful?” It covers Constantinople, the status of other religions, sultans and the court, Suleiman, and the empire’s decline. Also included is a Salah (prayer) calculator and interfaith calendar, so students can explore the cultural impacts of religion on daily life.

Full Map of Europe in 1600 http://www.euratlas.net/history/europe/1600 /index.html This easy-to-read, color-coded map outlines the borders of the Ottoman Empire and puts it into perspective with the rest of the region. Discover the Ottomans http://www.theottomans.org/english/index.asp This site aims to become the leading information portal regarding the history, military, culture, and arts of the Ottoman Empire, which once dominated a large territory from Egypt to Russia and from India to Austria. Theottomans.org will be a sponsorship oriented non-commercial web.


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HISTORY: TURKISH ANATOLIA AND THE OTTOMANS Ottoman Website http://www.osmanli700.gen.tr/english/engindex.html Here you can read the profiles of key sultans and leaders from the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire—Discovery Education http://school.discovery.com/lessonplans/programs/suleyman/ In this lesson plan students will come to understand the state of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, as well as its strategic position as a crossroads of trade between Europe and Asia. (Grade Levels 9-12) All Roads Lead to Istanbul: 1550 World’s Fair Simulation http://cmes.arizona.edu/sites/cmes.arizona.edu/files/files-picture-gallery/1.%20Lesson%20plan.pdf In this series of five lessons, students will learn about the historical importance of Turkey as an intersection for global trade. Students will brainstorm, map, compare timelines, and finally create a presentation for a classroom “world’s fair,” representing different nations which had trading interests in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/programs/suleyman/ Students will understand the geographic span and economic importance of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. (Grade Levels 9-12) Ottoman Lyric Poetry http://cmes.arizona.edu/sites/cmes.arizona.edu/files/Ottoman%20Lyric%20Poetry.pdf This unit exposes students to a necessary yet little-known body of literature, and involves them in the examination of selected aspects of Turkish culture and history. Much of what we most often identify as “Islamic” or “Middle Eastern” (in terms of music, food, architecture, dress, art, etc.) is a product of the Ottoman synthesis of a vast array of multicultural elements that coexisted under the canopy of Ottoman rule. Saudi Aramco World: An Ottoman Garden Grows in St. Louis (06/2012) http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/201006/an.ottoman.garden.grows.in.st.louis.htm There is something about a walled garden that suggests a world set apart, special and secret. The garden offers us its haven. Gardens, like nature, are never static. They change not only with weather and seasons, but also with the vagaries of human tastes and fashions from age to age and place to place. This site explores the variations of Turkish style gardening around the world. Note: There is a virtual tour of the Suleimaniye Mosque in the sidebar of this site. The Atlantic: The Ottoman Mystique (December 2008) http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200812/fallows-istanbul Travel article and slideshow by James Fallows, an Atlantic National Correspondent. “Before going to Istanbul, I barely thought about the place. Now, a year later, it is often on my mind. That is mainly because it provides what is rarest in travel: an aesthetic and even sensual surprise.” Ottoman Empire Unit Lesson Plan http://cmes.arizona.edu/sites/cmes.arizona.edu/files/Ottoman%20Empire%20Lesson%20Plan_0.pdf Students will learn the basic history of the Ottoman Empire, the culture of the Ottoman Empire, and will analyze and understand the connection between history and modern events and culture (specifically how the history of the Ottoman Empire has an impact and influence upon modern events and culture in Turkey and the Balkans). World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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HISTORY: TURKISH ANATOLIA AND THE OTTOMANS Time Warp Trio Lesson Plan: Harem Scare ‘Em http://www.timewarptrio.com/teachers-parents/lessons/pdf/twt-lesson-ottoman.pdf Suleiman the Magnificent, ruler of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, conquered many lands and allowed diverse Use with the cultures to exist within his empire. Comparing and Ottoman Empire Plentifax contrasting his accomplishments with those of Alexander the http://www.timewarptrio.com/adv Great or other famous conquerors can give students a new entures/plentifax/ottoman2.html perspective on world history. for an interactive learning tool. Suleiman the Magnificent http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/bios/b1suleyman.htm Suleiman the Magnificent has been known as one of the greatest rulers of the Ottoman Empire. He is mostly remembered as a fierce conqueror of the Islamic religion. In Middle Eastern cultures, however, he is often referred to as a great builder. During his rule as sultan, the Ottoman Empire reached its peak in power and prosperity. Compare and Contrast the Empires of Rome, China, and The Ottoman Empire http://cmes.arizona.edu/sites/cmes.arizona.edu/files/lesson.pdf Students will compare and contrast the great empires of The Ottoman Empire, Rome, and China learning similarities and differences between the empires. Islam and the Ottoman Empire: Unit Plan http://www.ignitelearning.com/lessons/december/socialstudies/Islam.Ottoman.Empire.pdf Each challenge presents students with an open-ended task with no single correct solution. Working in small groups, students prepare a short response, in either written or oral form, in which they use knowledge gained by studying the unit’s multimedia movies to formulate and defend a particular position. Teaching Ottoman History: A Primer http://www.teachmideast.org/essays/28-history/82-ottoman-history-new-questions-new-answers …The study of the Ottomans has often been neglected in middle and secondary school world history courses as well as in units on the history of Islam and the Middle East. It often seems to fall between the cracks both chronologically and thematically. When it is taught, it is often only in the context of late nineteenth and early twentieth century decline—the “sick man of Europe”—with little attention paid to the contributions and social structures of Ottoman civilization over six centuries. Quizlet: Post-Classical Ottoman Vocabulary http://quizlet.com/18079162/staar-eoc-wh-post-classical-era-turkey-central-asia-indiachina-6-flashcards/ Words and definitions include: Ottoman Empire, Ottomans, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan, Safavids, and Shah, etc. Mapping the Muslim Empires http://www.islamproject.org/education/lp_antiquity.htm The purpose of this lesson is to allow students the opportunity to learn more about great Islamic peoples of tri-continental antiquity. This project-based lesson is interdisciplinary allowing for humanities (social science), language arts, visual arts and technology (computer) integration. Ottoman History Podcast http://www.ottomanhistorypodcast.com/ World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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HISTORY: TURKISH ANATOLIA AND THE OTTOMANS Almost 100 podcasts relating to the history, language, and culture of the Ottoman Empire (in English and Turkish). Oxford Islamic Studies Online http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t236/e0611 Called by the Turks Osmanlıs, after the name of the founder of the dynasty Osman I, the Ottomans were Oghuz Turks who came out of Central Asia and created a vast state that ultimately encompassed all of southeastern Europe up to the northern frontiers of Hungary, Anatolia, and the Middle East up to the borders of Iran as well as the Mediterranean coast of North Africa almost to the Atlantic Ocean. History from Below in the Ottoman Empire and the Modern Middle East: An Archive http://harvey.binghamton.edu/~ottmiddl/ This website is designed as a clearinghouse for information about history from below, in the widest sense, during the eras of the late Ottoman Empire and the modern Middle East. It includes materials about workers, worker activism, history from below, and popular history. From the World Affairs Council: The Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire: Sulieman the Magnificent (Dig Deep-Analyze Artifacts Middle School CBA) http://www.world-affairs.org/?attachment_id=892 The Dig Deep CBA asks students to select and describe a time period using specific primary sources. Resources listed here will help students begin to examine the Golden Age of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-1566). There are many directions that students may take when they begin writing their historical interpretation. The Heritage of Ottoman Islam in the Balkans (01/2012) http://www.islamicpluralism.org/1663/theheritage-of-ottoman-islam-in-the-balkans While the history of Ottoman conquest and rule in the Balkan region, and the role of nationalist grievances by the inhabitants of the Balkan provinces in the movement that led to the dissolution of the empire, are well-known topics under the general heading of Ottoman history, Western scholarship on Balkan-Ottoman Islam, and particularly on the role of Sufism in the Balkans, has been sparse. This is unfortunate, because the legacy of Ottoman spirituality is surprisingly vital in that region.

Marissa Smit

The Principles of Ottoman Rule in the Balkans http://staff.lib.msu.edu/sowards/balkan/lecture3. html To make sense of the rapid changes during the last two hundred years of Balkan history, we need some sense of what went before, by looking at the Habsburg and Ottoman "old regimes" in the Early Modern period.


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HISTORY: MODERN TURKEY History of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey Since 1918 http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/asmin/xturkey.html This site includes maps and historical documents as well as excellent resources of reference materials. The Near East and the First World War: Turkey Prepares for War 1913-1914 http://www.worldwar1.com/neareast/ta.htm The reasons the Ottoman Empire entered the Great War at all are complex, and a case can be made that their German partners unwillingly manipulated the Turks into the war. The empire had no clearly defined war aims, nor did peacetime Turkish war plans in 1914 call for any offensive operations against neighboring countries. The Ottoman Empire Enters WWI on the Side of the Central Powers 1914 http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/easteurope/turkeycentral.html The Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers to form the Triple Alliance with the signing of the August 1914 Turco-German Alliance. Turkey formally entered World War I on October 28, 1914 with the bombing of Russian Black Sea ports. The Triple Entente, or Allied Powers, declared war on the Ottoman Empire on November 4. Webquest: The Evolution of the Middle East http://www.coedu.usf.edu/main/departments/seced/webq/Social%20Studies/Geogrpahy/Jennifer_Mar tinez/My%20Webs/WebQuest/teacher%20page.htm This unit is designed to introduce students to the Ottoman Empire. It will discuss the role of religion, culture, politics, economics, and geography in the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire. … The goal is to link events that occurred during the Ottoman Empire with events that have happened in the last century. By Reşat Kasaba: Turkey From the Rise of Atatürk (2010) http://faculty.washington.edu/kasaba/articles/2010_ataturk.pdf Since the 1920s it has been the Turkish government’s official line that Turkey’s Western and secular turn under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938) was devised specifically to cut Turkey’s ties with its Islamic past and traditions because these were seen as constituting insurmountable barriers in the country’s modernization. Turkey: Traditions and Today http://www2.crayola.com/lesson-plans/detail/turkey:-traditions--today-lesson-plan/ Discover how the past affects the future—with a triarama that shows a country’s history, people, and traditions. Turkey: A Transformation from Emigration to Immigration http://www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?id=176 Traditionally, Turkey has been known as a country of emigration. Starting from the early 1960s and well into the 1970s, large numbers of Turkish nationals migrated to western European countries, particularly West Germany. This emigration continued into recent times through family reunification schemes and the asylum track. ESL Turkey Worksheets http://www.eslprintables.com/vocabulary_worksheets/countries_and_nationalities/turkey/ Worksheets and activities for teaching Turkey to English language learners (kids, teenagers or adults). Here you can find printable worksheets for many levels: beginners, elementary, intermediate or advanced. World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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HISTORY: MODERN TURKEY Turkey Unit by Connie Johnson & Tammi Lundberg http://www.outreachworld.org/resource.asp?CurriculumID=33 This unit touches on the history, culture and people of Turkey. It aims to expose students to a Middle Eastern country in a positive way. The activities focus on the theme of compare and contrast, comparing Turkish life with American students' experiences. Illinois University: Center For South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies Curriculum Resources http://www.csames.illinois.edu/outreach/mideast/ Many of these curriculum units focus on a varied blend of cultural, social, traditional, and religious issues, each discussed in appropriate depth. In order to foster curiosity many of these units focus on hands-on activities, such as making a Ramadan Lamp, designing your own currency, or creating a Turkish carpet. Turkey: a Curriculum Guide for Secondary School Teachers http://www.outreachworld.org/resource.asp?curriculumid=1253 Turkey: A Curriculum Guide for Secondary School Teachers was created to provide information on the historical and contemporary development of the Turkish nation, and in so doing, to assist teachers in meeting some of the criteria indicated in the Pennsylvania Department of Education’s Academic Standard Guidelines. History Foundation of Turkey http://www.tarihvakfi.org.tr/english/default.asp The History Foundation is a scholarly NGO with the objective of developing and extending historical consciousness in Turkey. They provide information on publications, projects and resources. New York Times: Istanbul (Not Constantinople!) http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/01/31/istanbul-not-constantinople/ In this lesson, students learn about the growing trade and tourist relationship between Greece and Turkey. They then research key events in Greco-Turkish history from each side’s perspective to create political cartoons and a timeline for classroom display. National Geographic: Turkish Germany ( 2:38) http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/regions-places/europewestern/germany_turkishgermany/ When groups of people immigrate into a new country, they maintain their culture and traditions as best as they can. That is the case with Turks in Germany Turkey: A Brief History http://www.guardian.co.uk/flash/0,5860,1316326,00.html Interactive history with dynamic map and special report. People and Place: The Southeastern Anatolia Project http://www.outreachworld.org/resource.asp?curriculumid=640 This case study was created to help students understand the complexities of large-scale construction and development projects.


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TURKEY AND THE ARMENIANS A Brief History of the Armenian Genocide http://www.genocideeducation.org/files/A%20Brief%20History%20of%20the%20Armenian%20Genoc ide.pdf The Armenians are an ancient people who have existed since before the first century C.E. Armenia has gained and lost a tremendous amount of territory throughout its long and turbulent history. The Forgotten http://www.theforgotten.org Interactive introduction to the Armenian Genocide.

Also read an interview about the project: ‘Houshamadyan: Recreating Armenian Life in the Ottoman Empire’ http://www.armenianweekly.c om/2012/05/24/houshamadya n-recreating-armenian-life-inthe-ottoman-empire/

Houshamadyan: A Project to Reconstruct Ottoman Armenian Town and Village Life http://www.houshamadyan.org/ Our research encompasses all aspects of the history of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, including social history, the history of daily life, local microhistory, dialects, music, literature, material culture and so on. Also of special important to us are the collection and preservation of culturally valuable artifacts of all kinds produced by the Ottoman.

Armenian National Institute: Educational Resources http://www.armenian-genocide.org/education.html Resource Guide, maps, instructional videos, curricula and more for the study of the Armenian Genocide. Official Statement: Office of the Prime Minister on the Armenian Genocide (03/11/2010) http://www.mfa.gov.tr/statement-made-by-the-office-of-the-prime-minister-of-the-republic-ofturkey.en.mfa Statement made by the Turkish government strongly condemning the Swedish government’s resolution which maintained that “certain peoples were subjected to genocide during the final period of the Ottoman Empire.” The Economist: Turkey, France and Armenia: Watch Your Words (12/31/2011) http://www.economist.com/node/21542225 Few Turks had heard of Valérie Boyer, a deputy for Nicolas Sarkozy’s ruling UMP party in France. That was until she sponsored a bill that would make it a crime in France to deny that the mass killings of Ottoman Armenians in 1915 constituted genocide…But Turkey is hardly in a position to preach about free speech. Its own laws, in a mirror image of the French proposal, prohibit descriptions of the 1915 killings as genocide. The History Place: Genocide in the 20th Century—Armenians in Turkey http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/armenians. htm The first genocide of the 20th Century occurred when two million Armenians living in Turkey were eliminated from their historic homeland through forced deportations and massacres. Site includes regional maps. Patti Marlow


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: POLITICS AND ECONOMICS Parliament of Turkey http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/english/english.htm This site gives a brief overview of the structure and constitution of the Turkish Parliament. Political Parties http://www.turkishelections.com/political_parties/ In conformity with conditions set forth in the law, every Turkish citizen upon the age of 18 has the right to vote, to be elected, and to engage in political activities independently or in a political party, and to take part in referendums. Privates and corporals serving in the armed services, students in military schools, and convicts in penal institutions cannot vote. Turkey: Political Parties http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-Oceania/Turkey-POLITICAL-PARTIES.html#b The first significant nationwide party, the Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi—CHP), was organized by Mustafa Kemal in 1923. Strong, centralized authority and state economic planning marked its 27 years of power (1923–50). It deemphasized everything religious to the point of subordinating religious activity and organization to state control. Turkey and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) http://www.imf.org/external/country/TUR/ This site contains information and reports provided by the IMF concerning their projects in Turkey. Embassy of the Republic of Turkey http://www.washington.emb.mfa.gov.tr/Default.aspx This is the official site of the Turkish Embassy in Washington, D.C. It lists recent news developments in Turkey, background information on the country, consular and student services, travel information, as well as a media center and a kid’s page. Brookings: Islamist Politics in Turkey: The New Model? (04/2012) http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2012/04/24-turkey-new-model-taspinar Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) went through five incarnations before it found a balance that voters would embrace but the military would also accept, albeit reluctantly. Its evolution reflects how democratic traditions and institutions can both interact with and moderate political Islam, at least in one geostrategic country. In Turkey, a tradition of free and fair elections and capitalism has encouraged Islamic parties to play by the rules. Turkey’s radical secularism, enforced by the military, has also tamed the strident religious dogma that once landed Islamic politicians in trouble—and even in prison. United Nations Human Development Reports: Turkey (2011) http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/TUR.html Each year since 1990 the Human Development Report has published the Human Development Index (HDI) which was introduced as an alternative to conventional measures of national development, such as level of income and the rate of economic growth. The HDI trends tell an important story both at the national and regional level and highlight the very large gaps in well-being and life chances that continue to divide our interconnected world. Please visit the website for additional in-depth information about Turkey’s Human Development Index score. Turkey’s ranking of .679 gives it a “medium” HDI ranking of development.


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: POLITICS AND ECONOMICS Ataturk http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/belge/214913/biography-of-ataturk.html A comprehensive biography of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, founder and first president of the Turkish Republic, by the Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Invest in Turkey: Benchmark Comparison http://www.invest.gov.tr/enUS/Benchmarking/Pages/BenchmarkTurkey.aspx Search, analyze and compare Turkey’s level of competitiveness in different aspects by using userfriendly charts. Is There Life After Erdogan? (12/14/2011) http://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2011/1 2/turkeys-prime-minister Marissa Smit Who will be Turkey’s next prime minister? The question might sound premature…[b]ut when it emerged that Mr. Erdogan had undergone stomach surgery on November 26th, Turks embarked on a frenzy of speculation. Turkey: Religion, Health, Erdogan http://www.internationalreportingproject.org/stories/detail/1080/ Shayla Harris, a video journalist with The New York Times, has produced new video stories on Turkey that examine the conflict between religion and secularism, health in poor areas of eastern Turkey and the views of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan on Islam, Iraq, the United States and domestic Turkish issues. Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV) http://www.tesev.org.tr/default.asp?PAG00_CODE=ANAEN&MMH00_CODE=%&MMG00_CODE=101 &ORDER_COLUMN=UD_30&ORDER_TYPE=DESC TESEV is an independent think-tank, which forms a bridge between academic research and the policymaking process. TESEV carries out research based on scientific principles, and seeks to share its findings with the widest possible audience. Business Cycles in Turkey and the European Union Countries http://www.bilkent.edu.tr/~berument/jec02.pdf This article assesses how the business cycles in Turkey coincide with the business cycles of member and candidate countries of the European Union… The evidence provided in the paper suggests that… policies enhancing the macroeconomic stability and preventing crises are crucial for healthier synchronization of the Turkish economy with its EU counterparts. Turkey in the Eye of the Beholder: Tracking Perceptions on Turkey Through Political Cartoons http://www.hum.au.dk/cek/kontur/pdf/kontur_10/sinan.yasar.pdf This paper explores the representation of Turkey in ‘Western’ political cartoons 2000-2004. Through the analysis of cartoons, we want to understand the ways in which ‘Turks’ and Turkey are portrayed, especially with respect to the question of identity and the construction of ‘the other’.


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: THE ENERGY INDUSTRY Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Turkey’s Energy Strategy http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkeys-energy-strategy.en.mfa With a rapidly growing economy, Turkey has become one of the fastest growing energy markets in the world. Turkey has been experiencing rapid demand growth in all segments of the energy sector for decades. Over the last decade, Turkey has been the second country, after China, in terms of natural gas and electricity demand increase. Renewable Energy World: Turkey Sees ‘Huge’ Clean-Energy Investment as Demand Bucks Trend (02/04/2013) http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/02/turkey-sees-huge-clean-energyinvestment-as-demand-bucks-trend Turkey expects "huge" investments in renewable power in the next 10 years as growth in energy demand outpaces economic expansion, a government official said. Turkey needs to spend $10 billion on new power generation every year until 2023 to double capacity from the current 55 gigawatts, Deputy Energy Minister Hasan Murat Mercan said today at a conference in Vienna. Turkey Analyst: Turkish-Kurdish Energy Relations: An Assessment (01/30/2013) http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/turkey/2013/130130B.html Much is made of the grand strategy of the Turkish-Kurdish energy puzzle, particularly by those focused on the geopolitical concept of Turkey as post-Cold War Europe’s energy ‘hub’ – a role which has had increasing prominence since the nascence of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in the early 1990s. However, at the heart of the matter is something more pressing – Turkey’s need to find sustainable and secure energy to perpetuate its decade-long growth-spurt. Turkish Policy: Energy and Turkey’s Foreign Policy: The Link Between State Strategy, Regional Cooperation and Private Sector Involvement (09/28/2010) http://www.turkishpolicy.com/article/496/energy-and-turkeys-foreign-policy-the-link-between-statestrategyregional-cooperation-and-private-sector-involvement-summer-2010/ This article defines Turkey’s energy vision with regard to its foreign policy. Turkey wants to take advantage of its geographic location, and is launching an energy agenda that requires new pipelines, regional relations and massive investments. As the article shows, the interaction between state strategy, regional cooperation and private sector involvement in the energy sector strongly affects the shift in Turkish foreign policy. Balkanalysis.com: Anticipated Renewable Energy Targets for the Turkish Republic’s 100th Anniversary (12/14/2012) http://www.balkanalysis.com/turkey/2012/12/14/anticipated-renewable-energy-targets-for-the-turkishrepublics-100th-anniversary/ The regulations that oversee the private sector have also been drafted during the AKP’s mandates; the “Renewable Energy Law” amounted to a revolution in the energy sector. Nuclear power plants are also seen as part of meeting the energy demand of Turkey. Turkey Analyst: Trans-Anatolian Pipeline: A Geopolitical Achievement, but No Panacea for Turkey’s Energy Independence (07/09/2012) http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/turkey/2012/120709a.html The realization of the Trans-Anatolian Project by 2018 will strengthen Azerbaijan in strategic terms, offering it a route to the world markets that bypasses Russia. The realization of TANAP is a significant


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: THE ENERGY INDUSTRY geostrategic setback for Russia. However, TANAP is no panacea for Turkey’s energy predicament. Turkey will remain dependent on Russia as a natural gas supplier. Council on Foreign Relations: Turkey at an Energy Crossroads (11/20/08) http://www.cfr.org/turkey/turkey-energy-crossroads/p17821 Turkey is an energy-transit nation that links Caspian and Central Asian suppliers with European consumers. Inadequate domestic energy supplies, spiking electricity costs in 2008, and an overreliance on Russian gas raise questions about Ankara’s own energy future and viability as a critical crossroads for fuel, experts say. Financial Times.Com: Turkey Turns To Coal and Nuclear Power (02/06/2012) http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2012/02/06/turkey-turns-to-coal-and-nuclearpower/#axzz1mTo3AnSW Much of Europe may be moving towards cleaner power but in Turkey it is a different story. For economic and diplomatic reasons, Ankara is keen to cut its dependence on gas imports from Russia and Iran and to boost its – hitherto insufficient – domestic energy production. About three quarters of the country’s energy comes from abroad. Turkish Weekly: Koreans to Invest in Turkish Energy Sector (02/06/2012) http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/131031/koreans-to-invest-in-turkish-energy-sector.html South Korea will sign a preliminary pact to build power plants in Turkey in a deal worth about $2 billion, Yonhap News reported. National Environmental Education Foundation: Energy Curricula http://www.eeweek.org/resources/energycurricula.htm Site provides links to over 25 lesson plans for grades K-4, 5-8 and 9-12. U.S. Energy Information Administration: Turkey http://www.eia.gov/countries/cab.cfm?fips=TU Over the last two years, Turkey has seen the fastest growth in energy demand in the OECD, and unlike a number of other OECD countries in Europe, its economy has avoided the prolonged stagnation that has characterized much of the continent for the past few years. The country's energy use is still relatively low, although it is increasing at a very fast pace. Foreign Policy: Nuclear Turkey with Russian Dressing (11/21/2012) http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/21/nuclear_turkey_with_russian_dressing Last fall, a pilot group of Turkish students arrived in the forested "Science City" of Obninsk, a oncesecret location for Stalin's nuclear program 60 miles outside Moscow. Sponsored by Russia's nuclear industry, the students are the first of some 600 Turks who will be brought to Russia in small groups over the coming years to enroll in a six-and-a-half-year program to learn Russian and earn degrees in nuclear power and engineering… PwC Turkey: Turkey’s Renewable Energy Sector from a Global Perspective(04/11/2012) http://www.pwc.com.tr/tr_TR/tr/publications/industrial/energy/assets/Renewable-report-11-April2012.pdf The starting point for this publication is to report the changes introduced by Turkey’s new Renewable Energy Support Mechanism, which have gone into effect on December 1, 2011. However, the renewable energy sector in Turkey cannot be evaluated in isolation from developments in other countries.


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education http://www.meb.gov.tr/english/indexeng.htm Link leads to several annual statistical reports on the state of education in Turkey. Reports are largely bilingual (English and Turkish). International Herald Tribune: What’s 4+4+4? (02/23/2012) http://latitude.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/23/turkeys-education-reform-bill-is-about-playing-politicswith-pedagogy/ The answer is 12, the number of years that legislation now steamrolling its way through the Turkish Parliament would require children to spend in school. World Bank: Improving the Quality and Equity of Basic Education in Turkey: Challenges and Options (2011) Download PDF from: http://www.worldbank.org.tr/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/TURKEYEXTN/0,,contentMD K:23088398~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:361712,00.html Basic education is the foundation of education and learning and, as such, is the point where Turkey started its push for education for all. As a result, Turkey has made remarkable progress on access to basic education and now has almost universal primary school enrollment - a 98.4 percent net enrollment rate as of 2010/11. The gap in access across regions has also narrowed significantly over time, although enrollment continues to vary significantly across regions. Turkish Educational System http://www.columbia.edu/cu/tsa/tr-info/edu.system.html The goal of the Turkish national education system could be summed up as being one where all individuals of the state are gathered together as an inseparable whole, united in national consciousness and thinking…who through their skills contribute to the prosperity of society and are instrumental in making the Turkish nation a creative and distinguished member of the world. Structure of the Turkish Education System http://www.disiliskiler.sakarya.edu.tr/master2.pdf This two-page guide contains technical data on the structure of the Turkish education system (including grading scale and requirements); page two contains a flow chart showing how the Turkish educational system is organized. UNICEF: Excerpt from “A Gender Review in Education, Turkey 2003” http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=turkish+education+gender&view=detail&id=12D5B134F2729D 446A803BFFE5F8FDA857D87B14&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR Since the inception of the Republic, both girls and boys have had access to all levels of education by law. However, there is work to be done if the education system is to be made more relevant to the reality of being a girl or young woman in modern Turkey. The Turkish Educational System http://www.fulbright.org.tr/en/about-turkey/turkish-educational-system The basic education program includes Turkish language and literature, mathematics, social studies, science, civics and human rights, the history of the Turkish Republic and Atatürk's reforms, a foreign language (English, French or German), individual and group activities, religious culture and ethics, art/handicraft, music, physical education, traffic safety and first aid, career guidance, and elective courses.


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: RELIGION AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY International Religious Freedom Report (11/17/ 2010) http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148991.htm This is a study conducted by the U.S. Department of State on the scope of religious freedom in the world. Scroll further down the page for the report on Turkey. It talks about the country’s definition of “secularism” and how it has dealt with religious minorities. The Economist: Islam and Homosexuality—Straight but Narrow (02/04/2012) http://www.economist.com/node/21546002 Gay life in the open in Muslim-majority countries is rare, but the closet is spacious. Countries with fierce laws, such as Saudi Arabia, also have flourishing gay scenes at all levels of society. Where laws are gentler, authorities find other ways to crack down. Even where homosexuality is legal (as in Turkey), official censure can be fierce. Resources on the Jewish community in Turkey Jewish Turkey http://haruth.com/jw/JewsTurkey.html This site contains a collection of links about the Jewish community in Turkey and about the relationship between Israel and Turkey. Foundation for the Advancement for Sephardic Studies and Culture http://www.sephardicstudies.org/index.html For nearly forty years the Foundation has been dedicated to preserving and promoting the complex and centuries-old culture of the Sephardic communities of Turkey, Greece, the Balkans, and Europe. U.S. Emigration and the devastation of the Holocaust have combined to weaken historic communities which had previously resisted assimilation. History of the Jews of Turkey: A DocumentBased Question Unit for World History http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/mes/_files/ pdf/curriculum/Turkish_Jews_DBQ.pdf

Turkish Jews (05/01/2001) http://www.science.co.il/hi/Turkish/ This article gives a brief history on Sephardic and Turkish Jews. This site also links to books in both Turkish and English, as well as unofficial correspondence in Turkish.

Hürriyet: We Favor the Reopening of Greek Seminary, but Greece Should Review Attitude: Deputy PM (01/28/2013) http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/we-favor-thereopening-of-greek-seminary-but-greece-shouldreview-attitude-deputypm.aspx?pageID=238&nID=40035&NewsCatID=338 Deputy Prime Minister Bülent Arınç has said the government is supporting the reopening of the Halki Greek Orthodox Seminary after being closed for more than four decades, but also expressed his disappointment at the measures undertaken by Greece against Turks and Muslims living in Western Thrace. Eurasianet: Christian Monastery Fights for Muslim Tenants (08/17/2011) http://www.eurasianet.org/node/64057 With the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923, Greece and the newly founded Turkish Republic declared a population exchange that led to an exodus of 1.2 million Ottoman Greeks from Turkey. The 110,000 Greeks living in Istanbul were technically exempt from that exchange. But the introduction of a so-called “Wealth Tax” on non-Muslim citizens in 1942, pogroms in the 1950s, and mounting tensions following the Cyprus crisis in the 1970s reduced their numbers in Istanbul to just 1,500 today.

Mevlana http://www.mevlana.net/ Mevlana who is also known as Rumi, was a philosopher and mystic of Islam, but not a Muslim of the orthodox type. Mevlana was born on 30 September 1207 in Balkh in present day Afghanistan. His doctrine advocates unlimited tolerance, positive reasoning, goodness, charity, and awareness through love. To him, as well as to his disciples, all World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: RELIGION AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY religions are more or less true. Looking with the same eye on Muslim, Jew, and Christian alike, his peaceful and tolerant teaching has appealed to people of all sects and creeds. Turkish Alevis Today http://www.alevibektasi.org/xalevis1.htm Almost every single guidebook or encyclopedia describes Turkey as 99 % Sunni Muslim. But the world is slowly learning of the existence of a large group in Turkey called Anatolian Alevis (Anatolia is a name for the part of Turkey which lies in Asia). This site explains Alevism and the people who practice it. Star Tribune: Turkish PM Assures Safety of Alevi Religious Minority Amid Security Concerns (03/06/12) http://www.startribune.com/world/141560883.html Turkey's prime minister on Tuesday promised to protect the country's largest religious minority after 25 houses mostly belonging to Alevi Muslims were vandalized, raising fears for their safety. Turkish Weekly: Sivas Massacre Case Should Go On, Victims and Suspects Say (03/07/12) http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/132098/sivas-massacre-case-should-go-on-victims-and-suspectssay.html An Ankara court is expected to close the 1993 Sivas massacre case due to a statute of limitations on March 13, but neither the defendants nor the prosecution want the trial to be dropped. Sufism http://www.allaboutturkey.com/sufi.htm Sufism, also found in Turkey, is a way of life in which a deeper identity is discovered and lived. Eventually it is understood that these abilities belong to a greater Being that we each individualize in our own unique way while never being separate from it. Turkey on Inside Islam http://insideislam.wisc.edu/tag/turkey/ Inside Islam: Dialogues and Debates is a new media initiative that seeks to challenge misconceptions and stereotypical perceptions about Islam and Muslims worldwide through a collaboration between UW-Madison’s nine area and international studies centers, Wisconsin Public Radio, and the public. The Economist: Greeks in Turkey—A Common Home (10/07/2004) http://www.economist.com/node/3270786 Wherever they live, and whatever passport they hold, people with common roots in a small, remote place feel connected. For an example, take the links between Greek émigrés and local Turks, Read the Lausanne Treaty which resulted in the swap who all see Mustafapasha, a village in the of Greek and Turkish populations: volcanic landscape of Cappadocia, as their http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Treaty_of_Lausanne common home. Eurasianet: Turkey: Istanbul’s Greek Community Experiencing a Revival (03/02/2011) http://www.eurasianet.org/node/62990 Greeks, or as they are called here Rum, once comprised a quarter of Istanbul's population. But now they number only a couple of thousand. At the recent opening of an exhibition celebrating Greek architecture in Istanbul, a first for the city in recent memory, Greek not Turkish was the predominant language. Joining Turkish Greeks were Greeks who had recently moved to the city, some of whom are looking for work.


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: RELIGION AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY BBC: Turkey’s Greek Community Struggles for Survival (01/07/2011) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-12134040 Turkey’s Greek population, once thriving in numbers, has fallen to such a low level that one Greek school in the city [of Istanbul] has only one pupil left. A combination of war, riots, and discrimination by the Turkish state has forced large numbers of the Greek community to leave Turkey. PanArmenian Network: European Parliament Head Urges Turkey to Recognize Armenian Genocide (02/08/2012) http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/92314/European_Parliament_head_urges_Turkey_to_recogniz e_Armenian_Genocide The President of the European Parliament Martin Schulz met with Turkey's chief EU negotiator Egemen Bagis. The role of Turkey in Syria, the visa regime and the prospective for Turkish membership in EU were among the discussed topics. The new bill criminalizing the Armenian Genocide denial was also in focus of the meeting. Hürriyet: Raids on Armenian-Turks Fuel Worries for Minorities (01/26/2013) http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/raids-on-armenian-turks-fuel-worries-forminorities.aspx?pageID=238&nID=39868&NewsCatID=339 The Armenian community has voiced its increasing concern over a spate of recent in attacks in the Samatya neighborhood of Istanbul’s Fatih district. The Human Rights Association (İHD) released a report, quoting anonymous views from the members of the Armenian community, on Jan. 25, three days after an elderly Armenian woman was attacked in the neighborhood in the latest of several similar incidents. The Armenian Weekly: Religious Minorities in Turkey: ‘An Endangered Species?’ (04/12/2012) http://www.armenianweekly.com/2012/04/12/religious-minorities-in-turkey-an-endangered-species/ The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) in its 2012 annual report recommended designating Turkey as a “country of particular concern (CPC)” for its “systematic and egregious limitations on the freedom of religion.” Turkey was on the commission’s “Watch List” from 2009-11. Minority Rights: Turkey Overview http://www.minorityrights.org/?lid=4387 Turkey’s key minority groups include ethnic, linguistic and religious minorities. The number of people in each group is unknown since the state does not ask citizens to declare their ethnic, religious or other origin in censuses. There is no scientific research on minorities in Turkey. The list below is nonexhaustive; it includes the main minority groups, irrespective of whether they self-identify as ‘minorities’, and non-conclusive information about each. New York Times: Turkey’s Elephant in the Room: Religious Freedom (09/28/2011) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/29/world/europe/turkeys-elephant-in-the-room-religiousfreedom.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 The relationship between religion and the state, ever the sore spot of Turkish identity, is one of the most explosive issues of the debate on the new constitution that Mr. Erdogan has pledged to give the country in the new legislative term that opens Saturday. That debate will have to deal with the elephant in the room: the total control that the state exerts over Islam through its Religious Affairs Department, and the lack of a legal status for all other religions in a predominantly Sunni Muslim society.


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: WOMEN IN TURKEY New York Times: In Turkey, Women Playing Soccer Vie for Acceptance in Turkey (03/04/2009) http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/04/sports/soccer/04soccer.html?_r=1 Halfway through its 18-game inaugural season, Turkey’s new women’s soccer league, has met a combination of indifference, curiosity and occasional hostility. Although Turks may be soccer fanatics, there is a deep ambivalence in this socially conservative, predominantly Muslim society about women playing the game. United Nations Development Program: Turkey and Gender in Development http://www.undp.org.tr/Gozlem2.aspx?WebSayfaNo=86 Turkey is a Middle Income Country (MIC), with a strong economic growth over the past years. In 2004 Turkey entered into the EU accession process with consequent demands for reforms towards meeting EU Aquis communitaire, including reforms on human rights, equality and a democratic judiciary. Despite the numerous advancements… the implementation and de facto realization of these rights, is still a challenge, which is also reflected in the basic development indicators for women, that are far behind to comparable MICs and much further behind the EU member states. Women at Work: A Cross-Cultural Comparison (1998) http://socialscience.tjc.edu/mkho/fulbright/1998/turkey/chidester.htm Women in Turkey are struggling for equality, recognition, and fairness in all aspects of life. This report is an overview of some of the issues, history, and statistics concerning women in Turkey. The issues section reports newsworthy information as well as reports of conversations with women in Turkey. The history section highlights women’s history in Turkey. The statistics section presents an overview of data collected in areas affecting women’s lives. PBS: What Factors Determine the Changing Roles of Women in the Middle East and Islamic Societies? (2002) http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/questions/women/index.html Some Americans believe that Muslim women are oppressed by their religion, forced to cover themselves completely, denied education, and other basic rights. It is true that Muslim women, like women all over the world, have struggled against inequality and restrictive practices in education, work force participation, and family roles. Many of these oppressive practices, however, do not come from Islam itself, but are part of local cultural traditions. Look for the short video clip “Veiling and Feminism” on Guide Martine: Population—Turkish Women PBS http://www.guide-martine.com/turkishwomen.asp During WWI and the War of Independence, Turkish women had to take on new responsibilities that forced them to take part in active life. This site gives a brief history of how the role of a Turkish woman has changed since the 1900s. Worldpress: Women’s Rights and Status in Turkey (08/18/2006) http://www.worldpress.org/Europe/2457.cfm While in Turkey, Manuela Paraipan interviewed Yusuf Kanli, editor-in-chief of the English-language Turkish Daily News, and participated in a roundtable discussion with the United Nations Development Program on women’s rights and social status in Turkey. New York Times: Women See Worrisome Shift in Turkey (04/25/2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/26/world/europe/women-see-worrisome-shift-in-turkey.html While reliable statistics are hard to come by, given what Turkish experts say is the serious


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: WOMEN IN TURKEY underreporting of domestic violence here, rights groups point to a recent spate of high-profile attacks against women to raise the alarm that Turkey is backsliding on women’s rights. They say women’s progress is being undermined by Turkey’s flagging prospects for European Union membership and a Muslim-inspired government that is increasingly embracing the conservative values of the Arab world it seeks to lead. New York Times: A Fashion Magazine Unshy about Baring a Bit of Piety (08/29/2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/29/world/europe/a-turkish-fashion-magazine-ala-is-unshy-aboutshowing-some-piety.html …Ala—called the “Vogue of the veiled” in the Turkish news media — is no conventional publication. In an unlikely fusion of conservative Muslim values and high fashion, it unabashedly appeals to the pious head-scarf-wearing working-woman, who may covet a Louis Vuitton purse but has no use for the revealing clothing that pervades traditional fashion magazines. Use with ‘Vogue of the Veiled’ Has a Daily Mail: It’s Vogue for the Veiled! (01/29/2012) Following, and Critics (6 Q’s About the News) http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2093129/Alhttp://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/02/v -Turkish-fashion-magazine-created-women-wearogue-of-the-veiled-has-a-following-and-critics/ headscarves.html And BBC: The Muslim Fashion Magazine that Outraged when he saw photos of transsexuals in a Claims it Outsells Vogue (video 1:43) magazine, devout Muslim Ibrahim Burak Birer, 31, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/fast_tra decided to create a magazine in Istanbul that would ck/9764870.stm contest the ‘diktat of nudity’. With his friend Mehmet Volkan Atay, 32, he created Alâ, a magazine described as the avant-garde of ‘veiled’ fashion. New York Times: New Twists and Turns in Turkey’s Headscarf Debate (02/01/12) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/02/world/middleeast/new-twists-and-turns-in-turkeys-head-scarfdebate.html?_r=1&scp=3&sq=turkey&st=cse When the auto writer Merve Sena Kilic shifted a Mini into gear for a recent test drive, she had little idea that she was fueling a remarkable shift in the head-scarf debate in Turkey. Covering her hair with a patterned cream and brown scarf, Ms. Kilic steered the sporty Mini down winding forest roads outside Istanbul for a November episode of her television program, “A Passion for Cars,” while discussing its merits with her coTeaching Tip from Seattle teacher host Burcu Cetinkaya, a glamorous blonde who also Holly Miller: happens to be a champion rally driver in Turkey. Have students research Turkish Reuters Factbox: Policy on Muslim Scarves and Veils in fashion items with these resources. Europe (04/11/11) Do they perceive a difference http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/11/us-france-veilbetween “eastern” and “western” europe-factbox-idUSTRE73A3YM20110411 influences? What expectations are France's ban on full face veils, a first in Europe, went into communicated by clothing, force on Monday, making anyone wearing the Muslim particularly in Ala magazine? How niqab or burqa in public liable to a fine of 150 euros ($216) do these expectations match with or lessons in French citizenship. Here is a summary of how students themselves dress? policies in some European countries on wearing the Muslim veil.


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CONTEMPORARY LIFE: WOMEN IN TURKEY Turkish Policy Quarterly: Women’s Rights in Turkey (Spring, 2012) http://www.turkishpolicy.com/dosyalar/files/2012-1-FatmaSahin.pdf This article elaborates on Turkey’s progress in areas such as the increase in girls’ school enrolment rates and the drop of infant mortality rates, as well as in efforts in the area of domestic violence. Christian Science Monitor: Wearing the Muslim Veil in America—What It’s Like (12/02/2009) http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2009/1213/Wearing-the-Muslim-veil-in-America-Whatit-s-like Wearing the Muslim veil in America may cause awkward moments, but this hijabi finds more positive than negative in her choice. This I Believe: The Politics of Identity and the Headscarf in Modern Turkey http://cmes.arizona.edu/sites/cmes.arizona.edu/files/FHUnit%5B1%5D.pdf This comprehensive unit allows high school students to understand the role of the headscarf in Muslim Turks’ lives, as well as the debate regarding wearing religious articles in Turkey. This guide contains lesson plans, rubrics, and many links to pertinent sources. PBS: Muslim Women Through Time http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/educators/women/lesson2.html No country, culture, or group stays the same indefinitely. Consider that it wasn't until 1920 that women in the United States were allowed to vote. National origin, family background, economic levels, and historical context all help to determine the opportunities people have in life. Muslim women are subject to these factors as well. In this lesson, students will learn how and why the role of women in Islamic cultures has evolved. Focus can be put on the famous Turkish female leader, Tansu Ciller.(Grades 9-12) PBS: Who Wears a Veil? http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/educators/women/lesson1.html Students will define stereotypes and learn how common misperceptions foster visual stereotypes about Muslim women. Students will identify famous women and learn about the significance of the veil in different cultures. (Grade Levels 9-12) Attitudes Towards the Status of Women in Turkish Society: The Case of Istanbul (2010) http://ejeps.fatih.edu.tr/docs/articles/102.pdf As the result of this investigation indicates, Turkish society seems to develop an egalitarian attitude towards gender roles either in familial or social and political life. This can be associated to the modernization of Turkey that has been followed for two hundred years on the attempts to articulate women into the public life in particular through education and employment. Daily Zaman: Turkish Women face Discrimination, Violence, Illiteracy Despite Small Gains (03/07/12) http://www.todayszaman.com/news-273620-turkish-women-face-discrimination-violence-illiteracydespite-small-gains.html Discrimination, violence, unequal power relations, lack of education and child marriage are still problems that Turkish women face on this year's March 8 International Women's Day, which is being marked by several events highlighting the worrying issues women have to deal with instead of joyful celebrations.


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ARTS AND CULTURE: CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY Republic of Turkey: Ministry of Culture and Tourism http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/Default.asp x?17A16AE30572D313AAF6AA849816B2EF437 6734BED947CDE This website was created by the Turkish government to inform the public about the importance of culture in Turkey. Contains links to television clips, Turkish music, promotional films, as well as general information on Turkish arts, archeological information, tourism and more. Turkey World Tour 360° http://www.worldtour360.com/gallery.php?cou ntry=Turkey&lang=en Virtual tours of Turkey, including major sites in Istanbul, central Anatolia, and coastal areas; cultural and geographical interest points. 360 Cities: Turkey http://www.360cities.net/map#lat=38.96795&l ng=35.24414&zoom=6 Interlinked panoramic images of Turkey.

Links for Exploring Istanbul 360 Cities: Istanbul http://www.360cities.net/area/istanbul-turkey Panoramic images about Istanbul’s cultural heritage and modern life, interconnected to create a tour of the city. National Geographic: Peoples and Places: Istanbul Tour (2:07) http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/peo ple-places-kids/turkey-istanbultour-kids/ Learn how a National Geographic Magazine story is put together in Istanbul, Turkey. Istanbul 2010: European Capital of Culture http://www.estanbul2010.com/ İstanbul, once known as the capital of capital cities, has many unique features. It is the only city in the world to straddle two continents, and the only one to have been a capital during two consecutive empires – Christian and Islamic.

Virtual Turkey www.3dmekanlar.com/sites.html By clicking and dragging through 3-D panoramic photos, students can explore several different traditional Turkish environments including a traditional bath (hammam), the Blue Mosque, a reconstruction of a late nineteenth century Ottoman home or Miniaturk Park in Istanbul. Downloading of viewing software may be required.

Istanbul: Official Website http://www.ibb.gov.tr/enUS/Pages/Home_Page.aspx This website has information specifically on the city of Istanbul, including recent news developments, information about organizations in the city, weather, tourist information, photo galleries, and information about the Mayor of Istanbul.

National Geographic: Photographers— Turkey (3:05) http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/ph otography/photographers/turkey-stanfield/ One of Jim Stanfield's specialties is evoking the life of a lost age.

Video: Welcome to Istanbul (3:17) http://blip.tv/file/585995 This is a link to a short video montage that describes the city of Istanbul, Turkey through visual means.

Turkey and Turkish Culture http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/babur/culture.ht m Pages about the history, cuisine, and cultural practices of Turkey.

Video: Istanbul (5:06) http://www.veyselgencten.com/istanbul%20by%20 veysel%20gencten.html Time-lapse video of various locations in Istanbul by Veysel Gencten.


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ARTS AND CULTURE: CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY The Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism: Festivals, Ceremonies, and Celebrations http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN/Genel/BelgeGoster.aspx?17A16AE30572D313A781CAA92714FCE0907A482 26BB53664 This site provides a link to descriptions, pictures, and examples of Turkish religious, seasonal, and national festivals, as well as cultural ceremonies. All About Turkey. Com: Turkish Baths http://www.allaboutturkey.com/hamam.htm "Turkish baths," are also known in Turkey as “hammams.” The tradition of the Turkish bath extends far back, to a time before Turks had reached Anatolia. When the Turks arrived in Anatolia, they brought with them one bathing tradition, and were confronted with another, that of Romans and Byzantines, with certain local variants. The traditions merged, and with the addition of the Moslem concern for cleanliness and its concomitant respect for the uses of water, there arose an entirely new concept, that of the Turkish bath. In time it became an institution, with its system of ineradicable customs. New York Times: As if the Ottoman Period Never Ended (10/30/2012) http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/30/movies/in-turkey-ottoman-nostalgiareturns.html?pagewanted=all Since the lavish, feel-good Turkish epic “Conquest 1453” had its premiere this year, its tale of the taking of Constantinople by the 21-year-old Sultan Mehmet II has become the highest-grossing film in Turkey’s history, released in 12 countries across the Middle East and in Germany and the United States. But its biggest impact may be the cultural triumphalism it has magnified at home. The Turkish Tea Culture—An Integral Part of Society http://www.turkeytravelcentre.com/blog/turkish-tea-culture-tradition/ Anyone not familiar with the country of Turkey may assume coffee is the national drink but this could not be more wrong. The Turks love drinking tea from sunrise to sunset and there is never a bad time to drink tea in Turkey. The practice is firmly ingrained in the culture as a social experience and a sign of hospitality, ensuring the Turks even beat the Brits when assessing daily consumption. Coffee!!! http://www.outreachworld.org/resource.asp?curriculumid=308 A lesson on the history of one of the world's most popular drinks! As part of a larger online teaching unit from the University of Pennsylvania Middle East Center called Marhaba, this is a small unit that explains the origins of coffee and its history in the Middle East. The Coffee!!! Lesson is supplemented by a coffee recipe. Though brief, this lesson is easily integrated into larger teaching units on history and culture, including the history and culture of food. Delicious Istanbul Blog: Turkish Recipes http://www.deliciousistanbul.com/blog/turkish-recipes/ A blog about restaurants in Istanbul and Turkish cuisine, with recipes for main dishes, appetizers, and desserts. Binnur’s Turkish Cookbook http://www.turkishcookbook.com/ Delicious, healthy, and easy-to-make Ottoman and Turkish recipes.


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ARTS AND CULTURE: VISUAL ARTS Calligraphy Qalam http://calligraphyqalam.com/ Welcome to Calligraphy Qalam—we’re glad you’re here. On this website you'll find a variety of interactive tools and information to help you learn more about calligraphy in the Arab, Ottoman and Persian traditions. Turkish Carpet Lesson Plan http://www.csames.illinois.edu/documents/outreach/Turkish_Carpet_Lesson_Plan.pdf In this lesson plan, students will travel to Turkey through an imaginative and historical journey about carpets. Through the famous Turkish handcrafted carpets and rugs, students will gain awareness of Turkey, its customs, and its traditions. Topkapi Palace Museum (Official Site) http://topkapipalace.com/history.htm Topkapi Palace Museum—Photo Pages http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/topkapi.html    

Imperial Treasury: http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/topkapi.html Books, Maps and Calligraphic Documents: http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/topkapi.html Miniatures from the Topkapi Museum: http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/topkapi.html Portraits of the Sultans: http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/topkapi.html

Istanbul Modern Museum http://www.istanbulmodern.org/en/f_index.html This website comes from the Istanbul Museum of Modern Art. Here one can find information about current, past, and upcoming exhibits, as well as view a wide selection of paintings, photographs, and educational material. Sakip Sabanci Museum http://muze.sabanciuniv.edu/main/default.php?bytLanguageID=2 Sakıp Sabancı Museum, located in Istanbul, is part of Sabancı University, and therefore also functions as an educational institution. The museum website gives online coverage of both permanent and temporary exhibitions, as well as other museum events. Timeline of Art History The Timeline of Art History is a chronological, geographical, and thematic exploration of the history of art from around the world, as illustrated by the Metropolitan Museum of Art's collection.   

Age of Suleiman “the Magnificent”: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/suly/hd_suly.htm Art of the Ottomans before 1600: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/otto1/hd_otto1.htm Greater Ottoman Empire: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grot/hd_grot.htm

Traditional Turkish Puppet Shadow Play http://www.karagoz.net/english/shadowplay.htm Puppet shadow play had an important place in Turkey as well as throughout the larger area of the Ottoman Empire. This site looks at the different traditions of puppet shadow play in Turkey, including a chance to hear the music, see the main characters, and learn about the technique of this art form.


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ARTS AND CULTURE: VISUAL ARTS Ceramic Studio Prague http://ceramic-studio.net/ceramic-history/czech-republic/iran_and_turkey/ This site, sponsored by a Czech ceramics school, examines the history and practical concerns of making Iznik pottery. Iznik Foundation Tiles http://www.iznik.com/en An interesting view of how modern decorators use old styles in new ways. Includes images of Iznik pottery used in commercial (the Istanbul Four Seasons and shopping malls), home and religious environments. Ebru Marbeling http://www.uoguelph.ca/~agokcen/ebruli/ Marbled paper, called ebru in Turkish, was used extensively in the binding of books and within the calligraphic panels in Turkey…Ebru technique consists of sprinkling colors containing a few drops of oxgall on to the surface of the bath sized with kitre (gum tragacanth) in a trough. By carefully laying the paper over the bath, the floating picture is readily transferred to paper. Video: Ebru Marbeling (1:47) http://www.metacafe.com/watch/452851/art_on_the_water_art_of_marbling_ebru_sanati_birlikde_ay rili/ A video representation of traditional Ebru marbling is used to create art with non-traditional subjects, such as people. Marbling Paper Patterns: How to Do It http://www.show.me.uk/site/make/Art-and-Design/STO953.html Here's the Show Me guide to making your own marbled paper. Islamic Art: Early Ottoman Art http://www.discoverislamicart.org/exhibitions/ISL/the_ottomans/?lng=en From humble origins as a small emirate in Northwest Anatolia, the Ottomans rose to become one of the greatest Islamic empires in history…Although its roots were in Anatolia, and it drew inspiration from sources as disparate as the cultures the empire had subsumed, the art of the Ottomans was in a very large part devised in and disseminated from the imperial-court workshops in Istanbul. New York Times: Modern Women Artists in Turkey Meet Their Trailblazing Counterparts (12/14/2011) http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/15/world/europe/modern-women-artists-in-turkey-meet-theirtrailblazing-counterparts.html?_r=1&scp=9&sq=36%20hours%20in%20istanbul&st=cse “Dream and Reality,” a show at the Istanbul Modern art museum, pairs “nearly forgotten” painters from the Ottoman era with some of the most intriguing artists in Turkey today. The common thread? All are women. Arabic Calligraphy http://www.islamicart.com/main/calligraphy/index.html While many religions have made use of figural images to convey their core convictions, Islam has instead used the shapes and sizes of words or letters. In Islamic and Arabic cultures, calligraphy became a highly respected art—the art of writing.


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ARTS AND CULTURE: MUSIC National Geographic: World Music—Turkey http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/turke y_45?fs=www3.nationalgeographic.com&fs=plasma.nationalgeographic.com The music of Turkey is wonderfully diverse, and despite the historical presence of various political strategies and decrees meant to dampen down (if entirely not stamp out) individual traditions, these rich styles have managed to survive and even flourish. This site allows you to listen to both traditional and contemporary Turkish music, and provides general information on music in Turkey, as well as profiles for specific Turkish artists. Turkish Music Portal http://www.turkishmusicportal.org/ The Turkish Music Portal is the most comprehensive website about Turkish Music. This site contains the history of the different types of Turkish music, information on instruments, published articles, and information on organizations, composers, and artists. The site is accessible both in English and Turkish. Putumayo World Music: Turkish Groove http://www.putumayo.com/content/turkish_groove_1 A musical mosaic of Balkan, Central Asian and Middle Eastern flavors mixed with sophisticated global pop and dance music. The Armenian Weekly: What Was Left Behind—Music of the Ottoman Empire (10/20/2011) http://www.armenianweekly.com/2011/10/20/what-was-left-behind-music-of-the-ottoman-empire/ Record collector Ian Nagoski has been buying up cheap 78 rpm discs for over a decade. The 36-year-old music junkie and record store owner always had one rule: “My policy was to buy anything in a language other than English,” he said in an interview with the Armenian Weekly. In June 2011, Nagoski, in collaboration with Tompkins Square Records, released the three-disc album set “To What Strange Place: The Music of the Ottoman-American Diaspora, 1916-1929,” which features polished tracks from Armenian, Greek, and Turkish records, etched mostly in New York. National Geographic World Fusion: Tarkan—“Hepsi Senin Mi” (3:14) http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/music/genre-wm/world-fusion/hepsi-senin-mi-wm/ Born in Germany, singer Tarkan Tevetoglu is known as the "Prince of Pop" in Turkey and has scored hits on both sides of the Bosporus. National Geographic Global Pop: Sezen Aksu—“Dansoz Dunya” (2:40) http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/music/genre-wm/global-pop/sezen-aksu-dansoz-dunyawm/ Sezen Aksu has sold more than 40 million albums and is known as the "queen of Turkish pop." This video was produced in collaboration with National Geographic for Earth Day 2008. Suryaniler/ Syriacs Religious Music http://www.rootsworld.com/reviews/syriacs.shtml Syriac apostles brought Christianity to Iraq and further east, to India and China. Today there are independent churches in Turkey, Iraq, Iran, India, and Brazil, as well as throughout Europe and the U.S. This site contains links to information and audio clips on this type of religious and folk music from Turkey.


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ARTS AND CULTURE: LITERATURE AND ARCHITECTURE World of Words http://wowlit.org/catalog/?s=advanced&content=turkey You will find useful resources on this site for building bridges between cultures. These resources include strategies for locating and evaluating culturally authentic international children’s and adolescent literature as well as ways of engaging students with these books in classrooms and libraries. Nasreddin Hodja: Turkish and Middle Eastern Folklore Philosopher http://www.cmes.arizona.edu/outreach/lessonplans.php This lesson introduces Nasreddin Hodja, the Turkish and Middle Eastern folk philosopher. It can be used in conjunction with other folk stories from around the world. Students already should have a working knowledge of folk tales, fables, as well as tall tales. Two of the Hodja tales have in turn been written into a reader’s theater script to help students work on their fluency. Turkish Literature http://www.turkishculture.org/pages.php?ChildID=715&ParentID=3&ID=4&ChildID1=473&miMore=1#P ageContent The history of Turkish Literature may be divided into three periods, reflecting the history of Turkish civilization as follows: the period up to the adoption of Islam, the Islamic period, and the period under Western influence. Inside Islam: Elif Shafak—Most-Read Female Author in Turkey (05/2011) http://insideislam.wisc.edu/2011/05/elif-shafak-most-read-female-author-in-turkey/ Shafak, who writes in English and Turkish, is the author of ten books, eight of which are novels. Her novels have been translated into more than 30 languages. In her works, Shafak explores a number of issues. She writes about the East and West, motherhood, feminism, tradition, rationalism, Sufism, and cultural ghettos. Author Spotlight: Orhan Pamuk http://www.orhanpamuk.net/ Orhan Pamuk is a noted novelist born in Istanbul in 1952 who recently won the Nobel Prize in Literature. His novel My Name is Red, has been translated into twenty-four languages and won international literature’s most lucrative prize (excluding the Nobel), the IMPAC Dublin Award, in 2003. My Turkish Library (12/18/2008) http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22182 In this New York Review of Books article, Nobel-prize winner Orhan Pamuk reflects on his library of books and what various authors and their writings mean to him. Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative http://aton.ttu.edu/ This archive contains links to a number of audio files and video files concerning music, folklore, narratives, literature, and other themes from the Turkish tradition. Hodja Stories http://www.cs.biu.ac.il/~schiff/Net/ Wit, common sense, ingenuousness, ridicule and the kind of humor that reflects human psychology, exposes the shortcomings of a society, criticizes even state and religious affairs yet always settles matters amicably are the elements which together create a special kind of logic, the Nasreddin Hodja logic.


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ARTS AND CULTURE: LITERATURE AND ARCHITECTURE Selections from Rumi—Poetry Foundation (2:27) http://www.poetryfoundation.org/features/video/21 Coleman Barks performs Rumi. Poets.org: Rumi http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/543 A short biography of the poet Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Balkhi, aka Rumi. Medieval Sourcebook: Jalal ad-Din Rumi (1207-1273) http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1270rumi-poems1.asp Eight poems of Rumi in open-source English translation. EDSITEment! Arabic Poetry: Guzzle a Ghazal http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/arabic-poetry-guzzle-ghazal This complex structure requires careful insights and an understanding of irony and word-play. It dates to pre-Islamic times, yet remains current, forming the lyrical base of much popular music in India, Iraq, and Iran. Students will enjoy discovering the rules of ghazal writing through observation and inference. (With Lesson Plans and activities.) National Geographic: Istanbul’s Blue Mosque (2:42) http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/regions-places/europe-eastern/turkey-blue-mosqueeorg/ Istanbul's 400-year-old Sultan Ahmed Cami Mosque, otherwise known as the Blue Mosque for its bluetiled interior, is one of only two mosques in Turkey with six minarets. Explore.org founder Charles Annenberg Weingarten ascends one of the Mosque's stairways. The Journal of the International Institute: An Interview with Turkish Architect/Poet Cengiz Beckt: Space and Poetry (1994) http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jii/4750978.0001.206?rgn= main;view=fulltext “You cannot always tell what I have reinterpreted from traditional Turkish architecture. You cannot see the elements exactly as they were before. But as in traditional Turkish architecture, I always try to create a central, public space in my projects, so that the people will come together. This is the main idea. I don't need, for example, to show my knowledge of Ottoman architecture by making cupolas or using stone…” Skylife: Traditional Turkish Architecture and the Mystery of Numbers (2013) http://www.turkishairlines.com/enint/skylife/2011/january/articles/traditional-turkisharchitecture-and-th3-myst3ry-0f-numb3r8.aspx “Shapes and things mirror the meaning of matter In our architectural tradition. Worlds hidden in the source of objects are revealed for all to perceive,” so Marissa Smit World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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ARTS AND CULTURE: LITERATURE AND ARCHITECTURE says professional architect Muharrem Hilmi Şenalp. Şenalp, who has put his signature on a number of projects and buildings In Tokyo, Washington D.C., Ashgabat, Dubai, Berlin, Yekaterinburg as well as in Turkey, spearheaded the movement to reinterpret traditional Turkish architecture In light of modern demands. We spoke wIth Şenalp, a recognized authority in hIs field, about the unknown aspects of our architecture. ArchNet: Ottoman Building Style http://archnet.org/library/images/sites .jsp?select=style&key=Ottoman&orde r_by=site_name&collection_id=1&showdescription=1 The centralized Ottoman bureaucracy oversaw building throughout the empire, resulting in the fostering of a generally homogenous Ottoman architectural style throughout the Islamic world. ArchNet: Sinan http://archnet.org/library/parties/oneparty.jsp?party_id=630 Sinan (also known as Koca Sinan, Sinan Abdulmemnan, and Sinan Marissa Smit Abdulmennan Aga) is arguably the most celebrated architect of the pre-modern Islamic world, and certainly the figure who remains best documented today. As chief architect of the Ottoman Empire at its height between 1538 CE (AH 945) and his death in 1588 CE (AH 996), Sinan oversaw the design and construction of at least 476 buildings, 196 of which survived until the twenty-first century. Turkish Architecture in the Republican Period http://www.archmuseum.org/Gallery/turkish-architecture-in-the-republican-period_6.html The 19th century and early 20th century were the period of Ottoman-Islam synthesis. However, after the Arabian countries' break away from the Empire, it would be understood with deception that the Panislamism was not the remedy either. The following movement would be Panturkism and the remedy would be sought in "back to the origin." In lieu of religious bounds, Nationalism was in the foreground from then on. Reflections and influences of all these social and political developments can be seen in the architectural movements of the time. New York Times: Tracking Turkey’s First Starchitect (08/08/2012) http://travel.nytimes.com/2012/06/10/travel/tracking-turkeys-first-starchitect.html?_r=0 I had come to Turkey on an architectural pilgrimage. After several recent visits to explore the country’s supercharged contemporary art and design scenes, I still yearned to know more about New York Times: The Structures of Sinan the work of a 16th-century architect and engineer http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2012/06 named Sinan. He was hardly just any architect and engineer. Sinan (circa 1490-1588) was chief architect /10/travel/10MOSQUE-2.html and civil engineer of the Ottoman Empire, working A slideshow with 23 photos of Sinan’s when the empire was at its apogee. architectural achievements.


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READING THE HEADLINES: TURKEY AND THE MID EAST Republic of Turkey: Ministry of Foreign Affairs http://www.mfa.gov.tr/default.en.mfa This site contains information about Turkey’s foreign policy, including its view on specific global issues and its role in several international organizations. It also contains recent articles concerning Turkey’s foreign relations and background documents, such as the Turkish Constitution. The Fog of War: Helping Students Make Sense of Syria (11/09/2012) http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/11/the-fog-of-war-helping-students-make-sense-of-syria/

In this lesson, students evaluate firsthand accounts of the war in Syria and make judgments about the role President Bashar al-Assad’s government may have played in stoking long-buried sectarian divisions. PBS Newshour: Erdogan Navigates Turkey’s Rapidly Rising World Profile (09/22/2011, 5:06) http://video.pbs.org/video/2140564578 Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan took the stage Thursday at the United Nations as part of a continued effort to boost his country's profile in the Middle East and beyond. Ray Suarez reports. The Economist: South by South-east: Turkey, Syria, and the Kurds (10/20/2012) http://www.economist.com/news/europe/21564870-fiercely-anti-assad-stance-turkey-taking-syriaaggravating-long-running-troubles The fiercely anti-Assad stance Turkey is taking in Syria is aggravating long-running troubles with its own 14m-odd Kurds. Council on Foreign Relations: Can Israel’s New Coalition Fix Relations with Turkey? (01/28/2013) http://www.cfr.org/israel/can-israels-new-coalition-fix-relations-turkey/p29883 …A handful of commentators have also zeroed in on Turkey-Israel ties as ripe for rapprochement under a new, allegedly more conciliatory, Israeli government. It is a nice idea, but so are rainbows and unicorns. The reality is that, despite Lapid's rise, nothing has or will likely change to convince Israeli and Turkish leaders that mending ties is in their political interests. Reuters : On Turkey’s Syrian Frontier, Fears of a Sectarian Spillover (10/22/2012) http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/22/us-syria-crisis-turkey-alawites-idUSBRE89L0MM20121022 An influx of Syrians fleeing President Bashar al-Assad's military onslaught is stoking tension in an area of Turkey known for religious tolerance and setting Turks who share the Syrian leader's creed against their own government. PBS Newshour: Syria and Turkey—A Complex Relationship (11/15/2012, 8:19) http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2012/11/syria-and-turkey.html Despite being geographic neighbors, Syria and Turkey's political relationship historically hasn't been very close, but things were on the mend—that is, until the Arab Spring hit. Foreign Policy: Overdone Turkey (11/21/2012) http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/11/21/overdone_turkey#.UK1Gh1mUoQc.twitter One day before announcing Wednesday, Nov. 21's cease-fire agreement, at a brief news conference prior to talks between U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, late on Tuesday night, the secretary announced that her itinerary included Ramallah and Cairo in addition to Jerusalem. The visit to Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas was a head-scratcher—given how marginal he was to the conflict raging in the Gaza Strip—as much as talk


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READING THE HEADLINES: TURKEY AND THE MID EAST with Egyptian President Mohamed Morsy is a no-brainer. There also seemed to be a glaring omission from Clinton's shuttle: Ankara. Bloomberg: Arab Battling Regimes See Erdogan’s Muslim Democracy as Model (02/04/11) http://www.bloomberg.com/news/print/2011-02-04/arabs-battling-regimes-see-erdogan-s-muslimdemocracy-in-turkey-as-model.html Arabs seeking a model for post-autocratic governments are looking for inspiration in Turkey, where Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s brand of Islamic democracy has helped make him the region’s most popular leader. Erdogan has been elected twice, presided over an economic boom that’s tripled average incomes while Egypt’s remained stagnant, and shifted Turkey’s foreign policy away from Western tutelage while keeping its status as a U.S. military ally and European Union candidate. Foreign Policy Research Institute: Turkey’s Changing Foreign Policy and its International Ramifications (02/2011) http://www.fpri.org/enotes/201102.inbar.turkey.html Turkey’s geographical location and size bestows on the state strategic importance. Indeed, Turkey carries great regional and international weight. Diverging from the West has serious consequences for the balance of power in the Greater Middle East and for global politics. The Daily Star (Lebanon): A Turkish Model for Governance for the Arabs? Yes and No (02/07/2012) http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/2012/Feb-07/162395-a-turkish-model-ofgovernance-for-the-arabs-yes-and-no.ashx#axzz1lp9y5LOJ Turkish modernity corresponded to what would be called in the West “the dark side of the Enlightenment,” which produced militant forms of nationalism, including fascism, and an illiberal secularism that suppressed traditional religion. The bright side of the Enlightenment – liberal democracy – was the less traveled Turkish road. Therefore, if Turkey can ever become a good “model” for other Muslim nations, it can do so only by synthesizing the bright side of the Enlightenment – liberal democracy – with its traditional religious values. Al Arabiya News: Some See Turkey As Useful Model for New Arab Regimes: Survey (02/05/2012) http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/02/05/192704.html For many in the Arab world, Turkey embodies something of an elusive ideal: an Islamist-based democracy with a strong economy. Following last year’s Arab Spring uprisings, an unprecedented wave of popular revolt that swept the Arab world and led to the ouster of a string of dictators, many analysts are wondering if Turkey serves as a useful example of what a moderate Islamist democracy looks like. The Economist: Problems with the Neighbors (01/28/2012) http://www.economist.com/node/21543591 The bloodbath in Syria is only one headache afflicting the architect of Turkey’s policy of “zero problems with the neighbours.” Until recently Turkey was boasting not of its EU aspirations but of its shiny new alliances in the Middle East, where its secular free-market democracy is a model for some. Now Mr. Davutoglu’s secular critics have a new accusation: that he is forging a Sunni block to counter Iran’s influence. Turkish Prime Minister Arrives for Visit to Egypt as Role Widens (09/12/2011) http://articles.cnn.com/2011-09-12/world/turkey.diplomacy_1_muslim-brotherhood-erdogan-israelitroops?_s=PM:WORLD Turkey's prime minister arrived in Egypt Monday for an official visit, as twin diplomatic crises are shaking the foundations of several critical Middle Eastern alliances. World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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READING THE HEADLINES: TURKEY AND EUROPE Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Turkey-EU Relations http://www.mfa.gov.tr/relations-between-turkey-and-the-european-union.en.mfa Europe is our common home that we have united around common norms, principles and values. As a part and parcel of the European family, Turkey not only had an influence on the political, economic and socio-cultural developments in the Continent but has also been influenced by them. Library Guide: The European Union and Turkey http://libguides.ku.edu.tr/eu_turkey Turkey was one of the first countries, in 1959, to seek close cooperation with the young European Economic Community (EEC). EurActive: EU Will Lose Turkey if it Hasn’t Joined by 2023, Erdogan Says (10/31/2012) http://www.euractiv.com/enlargement/eu-lose-turkey-hasnt-joined-2023-news-515780 It was the first time Erdoğan has given an indication of how long Ankara might continue down the path towards EU entry, and his comments came at a time of growing alienation between Turkey and a political entity it feels has cold-shouldered it. Turkey's bid to join the EU, officially launched in 2005, has virtually ground to a halt in recent years due to opposition from core EU members and the failure to find a solution to the dispute over the divided island of Cyprus. The International: Soap Opera Diplomacy—Turkish TV in Greece (02/12/2013) http://www.theinternational.org/articles/339-soap-opera-diplomacy-turkish-tv-in-greec Though Greek culture is famous for its sociability and its nightlife, the country’s economic crisis is making people spend a little more time at home with their TVs. And with Greek TV channels looking for cheaper content, the airwaves are now filled with imported Turkish soap operas, says Asli Tunç, head of the Media School at Istanbul Bilgi University. European Council on Foreign Relations: EU-Turkey Relations—A Glimmer of Hope? (07/24/2012) http://ecfr.eu/content/entry/commentary_eu_turkey_relations_a_glimmer_of_hope Ties between the EU and Turkey have hit such lows over the past few years that even marginal improvements now almost carry a whiﬀ of a breakthrough. As Cyprus takes up the EU Council presidency we are, rather paradoxically, on an upward trajectory. Turkey Analyst: Contemporary Kemalist Intellectuals—Europeanizers Against Europe? (11/21/2012) http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/turkey/2012/121121B.html During the last decades, Kemalism, the modernization ideology of the Republic of Turkey, has been vehemently criticized. Many commentators, both Turkish and Western, have declared Kemalism to be outdated and harmful to Turkey. Especially in the West, the enthusiastic descriptions of Kemalist modernization, prevalent during the first decades of the Republican regime, have been replaced by accusations of Kemalism as being a vestige from the past; some have even defined Kemalists as ‘fascists.’ Today’s Zaman: Turkey Sees Economic Growth Bringing EU Membership (02/09/2012) http://www.todayszaman.com/news-271000-turkey-sees-economic-growth-bringing-eumembership.html Turkey's relations with the European Union are at their lowest point in years, with negotiations on membership, which began in 2005, stalled and no immediate prospect of resumption. Turkey's booming economy will eventually make the European Union unable to resist its long campaign for membership, Ankara's new ambassador to the 27-nation bloc said.


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READING THE HEADLINES: TURKEY AND EUROPE ANSAMed: Massari in Ankara, Italy Sponsors EU Accession (02/06/2012) http://www.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/nations/italy/2012/02/06/visualizza_new.html_75483971.html Europe was also on the agenda of the talks held in Ankara by the Italian Foreign Minister's special envoy for the Middle East and Mediterranean, Maurizio Massari, who reminded that Italy ''sponsors'' Turkey's EU accession. Turkey Analyst: Turkey’s Leadership Aspirations in NATO Weakened by Petty Politics (06/11/2012) http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/turkey/2012/120611B.html NATO’s May 20-21 Heads-of-State summit in Chicago reminded everyone how Turkey is making important contributions to NATO in many key areas—the war in Afghanistan, addressing new missions such as projecting security into North Africa, and developing new defense capabilities.. Turkey aspires to a leadership role in the alliance, with the hope that President Abdullah Gül, who attended the summit, will become the next NATO Secretary-General. ANSAMed: EU Negotiator, Today We are More Democratic (02/01/2012) http://www.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/nations/europe/2012/02/01/visualizza_new.html_72855850.html Turkey's European Affairs Minister and chief negotiator for EU accession, Egemen Bagis, has said that ''today Turkey is wealthier, more democratic and more transparent thanks to the reforms imposed by the European Union.'' Turks in Europe: Why Are We Afraid? (12/18/2006) http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/597.pdf The prospect of Turkey’s entry into the European Union has triggered a remarkable outburst of fear and anxiety in some European member states. This article, by the Foreign Policy Centre in the United Kingdom, explores some of the issues behind Turkey’s bid to join the EU in the dawn of the 21st century. European Commission: Enlargement—Turkey (12/2010) http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/candidate-countries/turkey/index_en.htm A gradual and carefully managed enlargement policy is in the interest of the EU. Future enlargements will concern the countries of south-eastern Europe. These countries are at various stages on their road towards the EU. Cyprus and the European Union http://www.yale.edu/macmillan/pier/resources/lessons/cyprus.htm This is a lesson plan developed by Yale University focusing on the current situation on the island of Cyprus. The site contains background information on Cyprus and on the European Union, and includes a lesson plan to engage students in this topic. (Grade Levels 9-12) Turkey (and the EU) http://www.fpa.org/usr_doc/Lesson_Plan_Turkey_New.pdf In this lesson, students will come to understand several different issues regarding Turkey and the European Union, mainly the issues surrounding the membership of Turkey to the EU. They will be taught through discussion, in-class activities, and homework; what is the EU, why does Turkey want to join, why does the EU want it as a member? Turkey Joining the European Union http://cmes.arizona.edu/sites/cmes.arizona.edu/files/Turkey%20Joining%20the%20EU.pdf Geographically and culturally poised between East and West, with strong critics on both sides, Turkey has had a long and multifaceted relationship with the west. As talks on Turkish membership World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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READING THE HEADLINES: TURKEY AND EUROPE commence, one of the fundamental questions being confronted by many European countries is: how can Middle Eastern culture, specifically Islam, coexist in a predominantly Catholic Western world? Bridge to the Future: Enlarging the European Union http://www.outreachworld.org/resource.asp?curriculumid=644 As the EU grows, it faces an array of challenges that could reshape the world we live in. This curriculum provides students with a basic overview of the history and issues of European Union enlargement. EU Kids Corner http://europa.eu/kids-corner/index_en.htm Students have access to over twenty different games on topics as varied as organic farming, the Euro and citizen’s rights, as well as comics and links to the other EU resources. Games are rated by age level for difficulty. This site is especially suitable for elementary and middle school students. International Crisis Group: Turkey’s Dance—On the Edge of the Cauldron (03/08/2012) http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/europe/turkey-cyprus/op-eds/pope-turkeys-dance-on-the-edgeof-the-cauldron.aspx Turkey should use its new credibility and leverage as a regional power to re-engage with the EU as a constructive partner in a way that Europeans will appreciate during their times of trouble, rather than constantly demanding rights that no EU state can give Turkey as long as it acts as an outsider and competitor. Hürriyet: Is NATO’s Approach to Turkey Satisfying? (10/29/2012) http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/is-natos-approach-to-turkeysatisfying.aspx?pageID=238&nID=33408&NewsCatID=396 For the second time in five months, Turkey has turned to NATO for support in the face of Syrian attacks that have killed Turkish citizens. Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of Greece and Turkey to NATO http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17245.htm?s electedLocale=en The New York Times Upfront: World War I: Why It Still Matters http://teacher.scholastic.com/scholasticnews/indepth/upfront/f eatures/index.asp?article=f050409_WW1 In 1919, the 'war to end all wars' formally ended with the Treaty of Versailles, but 90 years later, we're still living with the consequences.

Marissa Smit

WND: Turkey’s Interest In EU Membership Plunges (11/24/2012) http://www.wnd.com/2012/11/turkeys-interest-in-eumembership-plunges/ After more than two decades of trying, Turkey has all but given up on acquiring membership in the European Union, where it has faced annual rejections from Germany, France and Cyprus, which are concerned with Eastern influences in Europe.


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READING THE HEALDINES: TURKEY AND THE KURDS Hürriyet: ‘Best Support We Can Give Is To Bring Turkey Closer To The EU’ (02/11/2013) http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/best-support-we-can-give-is-to-bring-turkey-closer-to-theeu.aspx?pageID=238&nID=40835&NewsCatID=338 The best support the European Union can give to the peace process Ankara has started to find a solution to the Kurdish problem is to express that Europeans are serious in bringing Turkey into the 27nation bloc, according to a prominent European politician. EU membership provides a permanent resolution toward both ethnic and religious frictions in Turkey, said Cem Özdemir, a German politician of Turkish descent. The Guardian: Turkey and the Kurds: Progress on the Horizon (02/06/2013) http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/feb/06/turkey-kurds-progress-horizon-editorial If a Kurdish spring happens, the rewards for both sides are significant – not just the end of a conflict that has claimed 40,000 lives. Hürriyet: Paris ‘Sabotage’ Will Not Stop Talks with Öcalan (02/12/2013) http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/paris-sabotage-will-not-stop-talks-withocalan.aspx?pageID=238&nID=39002&NewsCatID=338 There is currently great social and political support for the peace process that started with talks held with Abdullah Öcalan, the jailed leader of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), according to a close adviser to the Turkish prime minister. Even the execution of three female PKK members in Paris has not led society to despair, said Yalçın Akdoğan. The Guardian: This Could Be the Birth of an Independent Kurdish State (01/08/2013) http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jan/09/birth-kurdish-state-ottoman-syria-arab-spring It seems that they await one last thing – another of those game-changing events, such as the break-up of Syria – that can transform the whole geopolitical environment in the Kurds' favour. But the quarter in which they are actively looking to bring it about is Turkey. That they should even think of this is, historically speaking, extraordinary. Turkey probably has most to lose from independence-seeking Kurdish nationalism, and has been brutal as any in its repression of it. The Economist: Turkey, Syria, and the Kurds, A Third Party Joins the Fray (11/23/2012) http://www.economist.com/blogs/pomegranate/2012/11/turkey-syria-and-kurds The bloodshed in Syria has taken a nasty turn, as Syrian rebels fighting against Bashar Assad’s regime clash with their Kurdish compatriots. Worries of an ethnic war between Syria’s Arabs and its 3m-odd Kurds have increased. Kurds on both sides of the border are pointing the finger of blame at the government of Turkey. Council on Foreign Relations: Guest Post: Kurdish Issue, Turkish Problem (10/29/2012) http://blogs.cfr.org/cook/2012/10/29/guest-post-kurdish-issueturkish-problem/ Over the last six months, the Turkish military and the Kurdistan Worker’s Party (PKK) have renewed clashes and Kurdish groups have asserted control in northern Syria. These developments reminded observers—if such a reminder was even necessary—that Turkey’s so-called “Kurdish Question” remains unresolved. Yet, exactly how the ongoing conflict is called ties intimately into the search for a solution. Financial Times: Turkey Protesters Back Jailed Kurds (01/30/2012) http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/45c36c58-22b3-11e2-938d-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2AoymdTob The fate of more than 600 imprisoned Kurdish hunger strikers took center stage in Turkey on Tuesday when protesters demonstrated support for strikers who the prime minister says are being manipulated by terrorists.


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READING THE HEALDINES: TURKEY AND THE KURDS Smithsonian Magazine: Kurdish Heritage Reclaimed (07/2010) http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/Kurdish-Heritage-Reclaimed.html In the breathtakingly rugged Turkish province of Hakkari, pristine rivers surge through spectacular mountain gorges and partridges feed beneath tall clusters of white hollyhock. I’m attending the marriage celebration of 24-year-old Baris and his 21-year-old bride, Dilan, in the Kurdish heartland near the borders of Syria, Iran and Iraq. Hürriyet: Turkish Government to Encourage Firms to Invest More in Arbil (02/04/2013) http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-government-encourages-firms-to-invest-more-inarbil.aspx?pageID=238&nID=40431&NewsCatID=348 The Turkish government will continue to encourage Turkish energy companies to sign more agreements with the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government for the region’s rich oil and gas reserves despite Washington’s warnings not to take such steps risking the partition of Iraq. Who Are the Kurds? (1999) http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/daily/feb99/kurdprofile.htm This site gives an introduction to the situation of the Kurdish people living in and around Turkey. BBC News: Turkey’s Kurdish Conflict—What You need to Know (12/1/2011) http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15993517 A brief video overview of the conflict between ethnic Kurdish Turks and the Turkish government. Reuters Analysis: Middle East Turmoil Draws Turkey and Iraqi Kurds (02/02/2012) http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/02/us-turkey-iraq-kurds-idUSTRE8110LB20120202 Upheaval in the Middle East and mutual economic interest are drawing together two unlikely partners; rising powerhouse Turkey and an entity whose name Turkish leaders hardly dare mention—Kurdistan, the semi-autonomous region of northern Iraq. The Economist: Turkey’s Kurds—Let Justice Be Done (02/08/07) http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=8672145 This article is about the first woman lawyer in the province of Hakkari to fight for basic human rights for Turkey’s Kurdish population. New York Times: The Kurds (Iraqi Kurdistan) (12/06/2012) http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/k/kurds/index.html The Kurds are a distinct ethnic group without a nation of their own. About 25 to 30 million live in the Middle East. Throughout history, the majority inhabited the mountains and plateau regions where Iran, Iraq and Turkey meet. About half the Kurds live in Turkey, accounting for an estimated 20 percent of the total population there. American Kurdish Information Network (AKIN) http://kurdistan.org/ PBS Frontline: The Kurds’ Story http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saddam/kurds/ Kurdistan was erased from the world's maps after World War I when the Allied Powers carved up the Middle East and denied the Kurds a nation-state. More than twenty million Kurds live in parts of Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria. Throughout the 20th century their struggles for political and cultural autonomy were opposed by the region's countries and the Kurds were often used as pawns in regional politics.


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READING THE HEADLINES: TURKEY AND ASIA Xinhua Net: Chinese President Arrives in Turkish Capital for Official Visit (02/21/2012) http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-02/21/c_131421272.htm "We are pleased to see the continuous development in bilateral cooperation in the political, economic, cultural and other fields since China and Turkey established diplomatic relations in 1971," the Chinese leader noted. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Turkey’s Relations with Central Asian Republics http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-relations-with-central-asian-republics.en.mfa Central Asia is a strategically important region for ensuring the security and stability of the EuroAtlantic region. Its energy resources are vital for global energy security and it is a major hub for gas and oil pipelines as well as trade corridors. Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Turkey’s Relations with Southern Caucasus Countries http://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-relations-with-southern-caucasus.en.mfa Turkey has deep-rooted historical and cultural ties with countries in the South Caucasus. Consequently, stability, peace and prosperity in the region have a special importance for Turkey. Eurasia Review: Turkey’s Asia-Pacific Initiative—Analysis (01/12/2013) http://www.eurasiareview.com/12012013-turkeys-asia-pacific-initiative-analysis/ Comprising the largest geographical region of the world, the Asia-Pacific has become the heart of the global economy thanks to the colossal economies it harbors. Turkey, not wanting to remain indifferent to the region, has also been developing policies in recent years to establish closer ties with the AsiaPacific countries. Prioritizing bilateral relations in particular, Turkey is seen establishing close contact with G20 countries, with China, Japan, South Korea, India, Indonesia, and Australia heading the list. Perceptions: Turkey’s “New” Engagements in Africa and Asia: Scope, Content, and Implications (Fall, 2011) http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MehmetOzkan.pdf Ankara’s Asia policy has been shaped with an intention of placing the existing relations “in a certain systematic” with the Turkic republics in Central Asia; to reach a “policy of normalization” with countries like China and India; and to follow certain political and economic policies to translate relations “from normal to deep cooperation” with countries like South Korea and Japan. Turkish Weekly: China’s Relations with West Asia and Turkey (07/03/2012) http://www.turkishweekly.net/op-ed/2988/china%C3%ADs-relations-with-west-asia-and-turkey-.html While countries like Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Bahrain are still under the influence of the American security and political umbrella, Turkey is trying to become a regional power in West Asia and has to a large extent been successful in balancing the American influence over its policies. Turkey is also spreading its tentacles with its new foreign policy toward the East. In this scenario, China as a rising power still trying to find a foothold in this region is careful while charting its way in both West Asia and Turkey. Turkey Analyst: Turkey-Azerbaijan Summit Consummates Reconciliation (09/26/2012) http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/turkey/2012/120926B.html Turkish-Azerbaijani relations have been on the rebound in recent months since the Turkish-Armenian reconciliation effort, launched in 2008, has effectively collapsed over differences regarding the Armenian-occupied territories of Azerbaijan and the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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READING THE HEADLINES: TURKEY AND ASIA summit earlier this month between the two governments will accelerate this process, especially by helping them develop their energy partnership. Turkish Weekly: Turkey-India Relations in the Framework of Ankara’s New South Asian Strategy http://www.turkishweekly.net/columnist/3649/turkey-india-relations-in-the-framework-of-ankara-39s-new-south-asian-strategy.html Throughout the Cold War, Turkey’s relations with India were mostly governed within the framework of the preferences of Pakistan. … However, as the world's second-most populous country, India’s progress in gaining importance in the global economy and international politics since the 1990s has led to Turkey’s quest to develop a new strategy for South Asia. Turkey Analyst: Turkey Raises Central Asian Profile Through SCO Link (07/09/2012) http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/turkey/2012/120709B.html The decision of the June 6-7 annual meeting of the heads of state of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in Beijing to designate Turkey a formal dialogue partner of the organization is yet another sign of recognition of Turkey’s growing influence in Central and South Asia. Turkey’s new status may also reinforce Ankara’s influence in the region, especially now that other NATO members are reducing their presence in Afghanistan. Turkish Weekly: Turkey and Central Asia: Modern Economic Linkages along the ‘Silk Road’ (01/13/2011) http://www.turkishweekly.net/op-ed/2786/turkey-and-central-asia-modern-economic-linkages-alongthe-39-silk-road-39-.html The political independence of Central Asian countries in the early 1990s has drawn Turkey’s attention to that vast geographic area formerly part of the Soviet/Russian colonial empire, and thus brought a new "Eastern" dimension to Turkish foreign policy. Turkey was the first country to recognize the newly independent Central Asian states and the first to open embassies across the region. Turkey Analyst: China-Turkey Summit: Economic Enticements Overshadow Differences (03/19/2012) http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/turkey/2012/120319B.html The decision of Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping to visit Turkey along with Ireland and the United States during his ten-day world tour before becoming president in about a year underscores the importance Turkey holds for China’s leaders. The AKP government’s desire for new partnerships and Turkey’s eagerness to join other states in benefitting from the strength of the Chinese economy has contributed to this flourishing relationship. Their growing mutual attraction has led them to overlook their diverging policies regarding some regional issues, such as Syria and the status of ethnic Uighur Turks in China, and instead concentrate on cultivating mutual economic and strategic ties. But that situation may not endure. The Relations Between Turkey and the Caucasus (Fall, 2011) http://sam.gov.tr/the-relations-between-turkey-and-the-caucasus/ This article examines Turkish foreign policy towards the Caucasus and argues that Turkey regards the region as a land of opportunity and influence. It first looks into the transformation of Turkish foreign policy in the last decade and its subsequent impact on its policy towards the countries in the Caucasus, namely Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia.


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READING THE HEADLINES: TURKEY AND THE U.S. Washington Post: U.S. Troops Will Man Patriot Batteries Along Turkey’s Border With Syria (12/14/2012) http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-12-14/world/35812955_1_patriot-batteries-missile-defensesystem-syrian-opposition-forces The United States authorized on Friday the deployment of 400 troops to man two Patriot missiledefense batteries along Turkey’s border with Syria, a move that could put American troops near the front lines of the Arab country’s escalating civil war. Today’s Zaman: The Quality of Communication Between Turkey and the U.S. (02/08/2013) http://www.todayszaman.com/columnist-306489-the-quality-of-communication-between-turkey-andthe-us.html An American politician describes the significance of Turkey as its ability to influence a number of issues and areas and says that China aside, Turkey is the most pivotal state in the world. The Process of Transformation and Transition in the Middle East and U.S.-Turkish Relations (04/15/2012, 1:17:39) http://csis.org/event/process-transformation-and-transition-middle-east-and-us-turkish-relations The CSIS Turkey Project hosted Ambassador Ozdem Sanberk, Board Member of the Global Relations Forum (GRF) and the Director of International Strategic Research Organisation (USAK) and Memduh Karakullukcu, Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors and President of GRF for a discussion of unfolding developments in the Middle East, how they are perceived in Turkey and their impact on USTurkish relations. Foreign Policy: How Do You Say “Frenemy” in Turkish? (07/01/2010) http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/01/how_do_you_say_frenemy_in_Turkish It is hard to admit, but after six decades of strategic cooperation, Turkey and the United States are becoming strategic competitors -- especially in the Middle East. This is the logical result of profound shifts in Turkish foreign and domestic politics and changes in the international system. Pew Research Global Attitudes Project: Turkey http://www.pewglobal.org/database/?indicator=1&country=224 Survey answers of respondents in Turkey to questions such as ‘Do you have a favorable or unfavorable view of the U.S.?’ and ‘How concerned are you about Islamic extremism in this country?’. Atlantic Council: The State of U.S.-Turkey Relations: A Turkish Perspective http://www.acus.org/publication/us-turkey-relations-require-new-focus/logoglu The first observation to make is that the U.S.-Turkey relationship is a special relationship. The two countries are formal allies in NATO, but it is the only such alliance the U.S. has with a Muslim country. In modern times, the two nations never actually fought each other, but their soldiers have waged wars together in defense of freedom in foreign lands. Turkish-American Relations Concerning the Cyprus Question http://web.deu.edu.tr/kibris/articles/conint.html This is a period study, concentrating on only a 15 year period, starting with the Zurich-London Agreements and ending with Turkey’s military intervention... The study also includes a brief history of America, Turkey and Cyprus triangle - and gives a summary of current issues.


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NEWS SOURCES Hürriyet: Turkish Daily News http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/ So let us tell you a bit about both elements of the Hürriyet Daily News & Economic Review. In the first sense, we are a newspaper unchanged from the first issue printed on March 15, 1961, in which founder İlhan Çevik explained our mission, to "be the world's window on Turkey." Çevik also emphasized the principles that have served the newspaper for nearly half a century: fairness, impartiality, objectivity. Turkish Press Daily News http://www.turkishpress.com/ Based in Plymouth, Michigan, TurkishPress.com is a comprehensive Web site featuring news and information about Turkey. TurkishPress.com features daily news, sports, business, travel, weather, and more. Cornucopia: The Magazine About Turkey http://www.cornucopia.net/main_page.html Cornucopia, an Istanbul-published English-language bible of all things Ottoman, from travel to food and design. Anadolu Agency http://www.aa.com.tr/en Turkish state news agency. Istanbul Daily http://istanbuldaily.com/ Turkish News. Turkey Post http://www.turkeypost.com/ Turkish and World News. Turkish Weekly http://www.turkishweekly.net/ The JTW is one of Turkey's most respected English-language sources for international political news and analysis. Established in 2004, the JTW is published by the International Strategic Research Organization (USAK), a Turkish think tank based in Ankara. The Turkey Analyst http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/tur key.html Publication of the Central AsiaCaucasus Insitute and the Silk Road Studies Program. Marissa Smit World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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READING LISTS Seattle Public Library’s Fiction and Nonfiction About Turkey For Elementary School

SPL http://seattle.bibliocommons.com/list/show/91549352_librariany/141491706_fiction_amp_nonfiction_a Staff bout_turkey_for_elementary_school Pick! Includes picture books, young reference books, and novels. World Language.com: Children’s Books in Turkish/English http://www.worldlanguage.com/Products/Turkish/ChildrensBooks/Page1.htm Includes many picture books with side-by-side Turkish and English text. Travel for Kids: Turkey Kids Books http://www.travelforkids.com/Funtodo/Turkey/turkey.htm Books focusing on the history and architecture of Turkey for kids. Young Fiction . Sister Shako and Kolo the Goat: Memories of Santa Who? My Childhood in Turkey Gail Gibbons Vedat Dalokay The Frozen Waterfall Stories From The Silk Road Gaye Hicyilmaz Cherry Gilchrist Grandmother’s Tale Turkey Moy McCrory Tamra Orr The Hungry Coat: A Tale from Turkey Turkey Demi Sarah Shields The Ottoman Empire Welcome to Turkey Adriane Ruggiero Vimala Alexander Parade of Shadows The Deliverance Of Dancing Bears Yoo Kyung Sung Elizabeth Stanley Rumi: Whirling Dervish Against the Storm Demi Gaye Hicyilmaz The Silk Route: 7,000 Miles of History John S. Major Seattle Public Library’s Fiction and Nonfiction About Turkey for Middle and High School

SPL http://seattle.bibliocommons.com/list/show/91549352_librariany/141498781_fiction_amp_nonfiction_a Staff bout_turkey_for_middle_amp_high_school Pick! Includes adult-level nonfiction as well as further novels set in various time periods. The Turkish Fulbright Commission: Suggested Reading List (For Adults) http://www.fulbright.org.tr/about-turkey/suggested-reading-list A list focusing on nonfiction works about modern Turkey for adults, with some historical and primary source titles. World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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READING LISTS The Guardian: Jason Goodwin’s Top Ten Books About Turkey (08/31/2011) http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/aug/31/jason-goodwin-top-10-books-turkey Encompassing poetry, history, fiction and even cookery, the author picks his favorite reading about this 'elusive and contradictory' country. Sea Song: Recommended Reading List for Turkey http://www.seasong.com/rrlist.htm Novels and historical nonfiction set in Turkey for Adults. Adult Fiction Birds Without Wings Louis de Bernieres

The Flea Palace Elif Safak

The Museum of Innocence Orhan Pamuk

Dear Shameless Death Latife Tekin

Istanbul: Memories and the City Orhan Pamuk

Human Landscapes Nazim Hikmer

My Name is Red Orhan Pamuk

The Garden of Departed Cats Bilge Karasu, translated by Aron Aji

Snow Orhan Pamuk

A Mind at Peace Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar, translated by Erdag Goknar Adult Nonfiction

The Turks Today Andrew Mango

Sons of Conquerors Hugh Pope

A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East David Fromkin

A Fez of the Heart Jeremy Seal

Crescent and Star Stephen Kinzer Biblical Treasures of Turkey Anna Edmonds The Turks in World History Carter Findley


House with Wisteria: the Memoirs of Halide Edib Halide Edib Modernity and National Identity in Turkey Sibel Bozdogan and Resat Kasaba Fragments of Culture Deniz Kandiyoti and Ayse Saktanber

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READING LISTS The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition David Shankland

The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey: A Disputed Genocide Guenter Lewy

The Age of the Beloveds: Love and the Beloved in Early-Modern Ottoman and European Culture and Society Walter Andrews and Mehmet Kalpaki

The Ottoman Peoples and the End of Empire Justin McCarthy

Culture Smart! Turkey Charlotte McPherson

Turkish Reflections: A Biography of a Place Mary Lee Settle

Turkey from Empire to Revolutionary Republic: The Emergence of the Turkish Nation from 1789 to the Present Aksin Sina The Turks in World History Carter Vaughn Findley

The Unmaking of the Middle East Jeremy Salt

The Turkish Tale Barbara Walker Iznik: The Artistry of Ottoman Ceramics Walter B Denny

Turkish Traditional Art Today Henry Glassie The Emergence of Modern Turkey Bernard Lewis Ataturk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey Andrew Mango Reform, Revolution and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 18081975 Ezel Kural and Stanford J. Shaw The Formation of Turkey: The Seljukit Sultanate of Rum: Eleventh to Fourteenth Century Claude Cahen Osman’s Dream Caroline Finkel

Teachers from the 2010 Educator Tour at Ephesus World Affairs Council Resource Packet Reading the Headlines: Interpreting Turkey February 27, 2013

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LOCAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Turkish Cultural Foundation http://www.turkishculturalfoundation.org/ The Turkish Cultural Foundation aims to promote and preserve Turkish culture and heritage worldwide, support education for disadvantaged students in Turkey, support research related to Turkey, and help to build cultural bridges between Turkey and other countries. This website contains a wealth of information concerning Turkish cuisine, lifestyle, philosophy, art, music, military, culture, and more. Information about the Anadolu Folk Dance classes and presentations can be found at this site. Local Resources Turkish-American Cultural Association of Washington (TACAWA) http://www.tacawa.org/ TACAWA is an active non-profit organization dedicated to guiding and enhancing awareness of the Turkish culture, art, and heritage and to sponsoring positive relationships between various Turkish and local communities. We do this through cultural, educational, and community events and outreach. Information about the Anadolu Folk Dance classes and presentations can be found at this site. Islamic School of Seattle www.islamicschoolofseattle.org The Islamic School of Seattle is a local nonprofit and cultural and educational that emphasizes mercy, compassion and limitless love. Students are encouraged to always wonder at Allah’s creation; looking through Muslim eyes at history, math, science and all of human knowledge and to think, as Allah (SWT) has commanded, inquisitively and creatively. Turkfest http://www.turkfest.org/ Turkfest is an annual festival held at the Seattle Center (Seattle, WA) celebrating the Turkish culture through music, dance, exhibits, shows, lectures, food, arts, crafts, and films since 2001. Sufi Seattle.org http://www.sufiseattle.org/faqs.html SufiSeattle.org was conceived as a clearinghouse for up-to-date information about Sufi activity in the Seattle area. Regional and national events relevant to the local community may also be covered. This site is not affiliated with or representative of any one Sufi order.

Anatolian Artisans http://www.anatolianartisans.org/ Anatolian Artisans is a non-profit organization with a unique mission to provide sustainable economic benefits to low-income artisans through product development, marketing, and training, and to raise awareness about arts and culture of Turkey by organizing exhibitions, festivals, fairs, conferences, and seminars. Marissa Smit


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LOCAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS American-Turkish Council (ATC) http://www.americanturkishcouncil.org/ The American Turkish Council is dedicated to effectively strengthening U.S.-Turkish relations through the promotion of commercial, defense, technology, and cultural relations. Its diverse membership includes Fortune 500, U.S. and Turkish companies, multinationals, nonprofit organizations, and individuals with an interest in U.S.-Turkish relations. Guided by member interests, ATC strives to enhance the growing ties between the U.S. and Turkey by initiating and facilitating efforts to increase investment and trade between the two countries. Assembly of Turkish-American Associations (ATAA) http://www.ataa.org/ The founding principle of ATAA was the need to create cohesion and cooperation between the large numbers of social/cultural Turkish American organizations around the U.S. The Assembly's main goal is to be a link between all communities, large or small, and pursue their interests in Washington and beyond. The American Turkish Society http://www.americanturkishsociety.org/ The American Turkish Society achieves its mission by bringing together leaders in government, including Prime Ministers, Ministers of State, and Ambassadors, as well as business leaders, journalists, artists, and scholars covering a spectrum of fields. In addition, the Society sponsors educational programs such as the Global Educators Program in partnership with the American Field Service; other similar programs are currently under development. Friends of Anatolia http://www.friendsofanatolia.org/index.htm Marissa Smit Friends of Anatolia was formed in order to contribute to peace and democracy by supporting the Turkish educational system as well as the Turkish nonprofit organizations in Turkey and the U.S. They also aim to create a mutual understanding among people of different backgrounds by using Anatolian culture and heritage as a unifying tool. Bridges of Hope Project http://bridgesofhopeproject.org/site/ Bridges of Hope Project was started by a group of committed Turkish-Americans who have come together to raise awareness and resources for nonprofit organizations that promote economic and social development in Turkey.


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LOCAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Muslim Women’s League http://www.mwlusa.org/ The Muslim Women's League is a non-profit Muslim American organization working to implement the values of Islam and thereby reclaim the status of women as free, equal, and vital contributors to society. Their main goal is to strengthen the role of Muslim women through increased awareness of their rights guaranteed by Islam. Moons and Stars Projects http://www.maspny.org/ The Moon and Stars Project was founded in 2002 in New York. It is a not-for-profit organization dedicated to highlighting the changing face of Turkish arts and culture and establishing a two-way cultural interaction between the United States and Turkey. Turkish-American Scientists and Scholars Association (TASSA) http://www.tassausa.org/index.cfm Turkish American Scientists and Scholars Association (TASSA) is an independent, nonprofit and non-political organization established in June 2004 in Washington, DC. TASSA's vision is to build a sustainable science bridge between the U.S. and Turkey. Middle East Studies Association (MESA) http://www.mesa.arizona.edu/ The Middle East Studies Association (MESA) is a private, non-profit, non-political learned society that brings together scholars, educators and those interested in the study of the region from all over the world. Turkish Coalition of America (TCA) http://www.tc-america.org The Turkish Coalition of America (TCA) is an educational, charitable organization incorporated in February 2007 whose objectives are to educate the general public about Turkey and Turkish Americans. The International Association of Sufism http://www.ias.org/ This non-profit organization was established in America in 1983 in order to work towards Marissa Smit introducing Sufism in all its varied forms to the public. It hopes to make known the interrelation between Sufi principles and scientific principles, and to provide a forum for a continuing dialogue between the different schools of Sufism.


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LESSON PLANS: INTRODUCTION TO TURKEY Excerpt: An Introduction to the History, Culture, and People of Turkey A Lesson Plan by Colin Bush, Mercer Island High School (Grades 9-12) Introduction I started my unit on Turkey with a pre-assessment quiz to get a better notion of what they already knew or thought about Turkey. It asks basic questions about Turkey such as what the capital of the country is, what the country looks like, what the major religion is, and how Turkey is perceived in the western world. Afterwards, I returned the pre-assessment quiz and told students that the class average was only 20% correct answers. I told them that this was to be expected; that most likely they would have scored similarly had I asked similar questions to almost any other country. Their homework that night was to use the internet to find the correct answers to any questions they had missed on the pre-assessment quiz.

Pre-assessment Quiz Name: ______________________________

Period ________

1. Name the capital of Turkey. ______________________________________ 2. Name the biggest city in Turkey. ________________________________________ 3. What is the approximate population of Turkey? _________________________________ 4 – 5. Turkey is bordered by eight countries. Name six of them. ________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Name one sea that borders Turkey. ______________________________________________________ 7. What religion is most commonly practiced in Turkey? a) Buddhism

b) Christianity

c) Hinduism

d) Islam

e) Judaism

8. What language is spoken in Turkey? ____________________________________________________ 9. What continent or continents is Turkey part of? ___________________________________________ 10. What is the weather like in Turkey? Is it more or less the same everywhere? Are there seasons? Is it desert, rainy, cold, and/or hot? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 11. What does the landscape look like there (you could compare to states or regions in the U.S)?


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LESSON PLANS: INTRODUCTION TO TURKEY _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 12. What kind of government does Turkey have? ____________________________________________ 13. What is the name of the prime minister of Turkey? ________________________________________ 14. True or False: Turkey is in the top 20 countries in the world in terms of GDP. ___________________ 15. What does a typical Turkish person look like? ____________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. What is cuisine like in Turkey? Can you name any dishes? _________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 17. Who was Mustafa Kamal Atatürk? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Who is Orhan Pamuk? ______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 19. When did Turkey become a nation? What was it called before then? __________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 20. True or False: Turkey is a full member of the European Union. ______________________________ 21. True or False: Since WWII, Turkey has been a close ally of the United States. __________________ 22. What sport is most popular in Turkey? __________________________________________________ 23. What is the Hagia Sofia? _____________________________________________________________ 24. Did a genocide ever take place in Turkey? If so, when and to whom? _________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 25. What images or impressions come to mind when you think of Turkey? ________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________


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LESSON PLAN: CREATE AN ARCHAEOLOGIST’S JOURNAL Excerpt: Create an Archaeologist’s Journal A Lesson Plan by Patricia Marlow, Tolt Middle School (Grades 6-8)

Introduction In this lesson, students will select a Greco-Roman deity and develop a city in his or her honor. Taking the role of the archaeologist who has discovered the remains of this city, they will create an archaeologist’s notebook to document and share information about their city that includes a location map, layout of the city, pictures of artifacts, and a series of journal entries describing the artifacts as well as their interpretation of the culture, suggested by these artifacts. Internet Sources for this Lesson Greek/Roman mythology Greek Mythology.com http://www.greekmythology.com/ Ancient Greece for Kids http://greece.mrdonn.org/myths.html Greek Constellations http://www.wwu.edu/skywise/greekmyth.html Kidpede http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/greeks/religion/gods.htm Greek Gods and Goddesses http://www.greek-gods-and-goddesses.com/index.html Roman and Greek Gods http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/romangods/a/022709RomanGrk.htm Physical maps of Turkey: Turkey Satellite Image http://geology.com/world/turkey-satellite-image.shtml Google maps http://maps.google.com/ Recommended websites for artifacts: http://www.bodine.phila.k12.pa.us/turkey/roman.html http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/gobekli-tepe.html?c=y&page=2# http://www.ancientanatolia.com/Pictures/Gallery01/gallery01.htm http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/06/gobekli-tepe/musi-photography Information about Turkey: Turkey at a Glance http://www.columbia.edu/~sss31/Turkiye/geo.html All About Turkey http://www.allaboutturkey.com/cografya.htm Turkey Guide http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/turkey-guide/

The Common Core Standards for Writing (Grade 7) specify that students should: Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences. http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/W/7


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LESSON PLAN: CREATE AN ARCHAEOLOGIST’S JOURNAL Archaeologist’s Journal Imagine that you are an archaeologist who has made a major discovery! You have found an ancient city in Turkey that was dedicated to one of the gods or goddesses of Ancient Greece or Rome. You will create an archaeologist’s journal filled with pictures and information about your find. Be creative, show what you know, and have fun! Complete the steps in the following order: 1)

Complete the “Data Sheet” as you research and complete the background work for your project. a)

2)

Research in books and online (a list of sites is attached) to select a Greek or Roman god or goddess to whom you would like to dedicate your city. b) Decide on a name for your city that reflects the deity you have chosen. c) Study a map of Turkey to select a location for your city. Consider resources necessary for survival and industry. You must be able to explain why this location was chosen. d) How will people who live in your city earn money? What natural resources are available? What geographic features can be put to use? e) Using Internet resources (a list of sites is attached), find at least five Ancient Roman or Ancient Greek artifacts to represent those found at your site. Print the pictures. What is each one? Describe it. What does it suggest about the people who created it? Is it decorative or functional? Did it require technology to create? How was it used? Record all of your sources for your reference list. Draft your journal entries. They should include the necessary information, but also be interesting to read.

3)

a) First Journal Entry: How you discovered the site and how you intend to proceed. b) Second Journal Entry: Discovery of Artifact #1 (what it looks like, where you found it, and what it seems to tell you about the people who made it) c) Third Journal Entry: Discovery of Artifact #2 d) Fourth Journal Entry: Discovery of Artifact #3 e) Fifth Journal Entry: Discovery of Artifact #4 f) Sixth Journal Entry: Discovery of Artifact #5 Complete the map. a) b) c) d) e)

Add a title to your map. Label your city. Label the cities of Istanbul, Ephasus, Troy, Konya, Izmir, and Ankara. Label the neighboring countries of Syria, Iraq, Iran, Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Greece, and Cyprus. Label the following bodies of water: the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Agean Sea, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosphorus River. f) Label any significant geographic features in close proximity to your city. g) Add a compass rose and a key. 4) Draw a site map, using the map of Aphrodisias (http://www.nyu.edu/projects/aphrodisias/cp.map.htm) as model. 5)

Compile your journal:  Make a decorative cover.  Include your Turkey map.  Include your site map.  Type or handwrite in ink your journal entries.  Mount your artifact pictures on corresponding pages  Include your reference list in APA format as the last page of your journal.


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LESSON PLAN: CREATE AN ARCHAEOLOGIST’S JOURNAL Name: ____________________________________________________

Period #_____________

Archaeologist’s Journal Data Sheet Name of city:

God or Goddess and his or her traits:

Description of location:

Why was this location chosen?

Primary industries of your city:

What structures were in your city?

Artifact #1: __________________________________ Description:

What does it tell us about the people who made it?

Artifact #2: ___________________________________ Description:









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LESSON PLAN: FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY Excerpt: Five Themes of Geography Turkey Case Study A Lesson Plan by Samantha Bonoff, Catharine Blaine K-8 (Grade 8, Adaptable) Introduction My first unit in 8th grade world geography is focused on teaching students the 5 Themes of Geography. The purpose of this unit is to review basic map skills and to help students understand how and why geographers study the world around them. Students spend about 7 class periods studying and using each theme (Location, Place, Region, Movement, and Human-Environment Interaction). After each theme of geography has been learned students then apply their understanding of the 5 themes in the Turkey Case Study. Students must have a working understanding of the 5 Themes in order for this unit to make sense. The Turkey Case Study asks students to analyze the country of Turkey through 5 different lenses and easily facilitates the use of current events, cultural traditions, and historical events. This activity is designed to be both a cumulative assessment of the 5 Themes Unit and the foundation for the next unit which is focused on understanding cultural differences. Note that students will use the strategies that I have taught them during the 5 Themes of Geography Unit and you may need to adjust lessons to fit your personal strategies. The lessons are:      

One: Introduction and Location Two: Place Three: Movement Four: Human-Environment Interaction Five: Region Six: Wrap-up

Procedures for Lesson Three: Movement (This lesson was designed to focus on the civil war in Syria and its impact on Turkey and may need to be adjusted for relevance. For example, there are some systemic immigration issues in Turkey that could be explored.) 1. Ask students to find and read a news article about Turkey and Syria and then bring the article to class. 2. Ask students to share with a partner or table group what they learned about in their article. 3. Ask students how their articles related to the theme of movement. Discuss their responses and provide background on the conflict in Syria. (It’s ok if some students did not find articles that match the theme, you will be providing a whole class article for the activity.) 4. Distribute an article about Syrian refugees to the whole class. Have students read the article in small groups and identify the three types of movement that are mentioned, push/pull factors, and the impact of this movement on the people/countries involved. (I used Syrian Refugees Slipping into Turkey by James Reynolds http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20433238 ) After reading and discussing the article, students should create a diagram/visual representation showing the three forms of movement (products, people, ideas) related to the conflict in Syria. They should also show push/pull factors. Pass out 11 X 17 paper to each group.


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LESSON PLAN: FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY Procedures for Lesson Four: Human-Environment Interaction This lesson is designed to focus on two current issues in Turkey: Access to and damming practices on the Euphrates River and Earthquakes. These two topics show how humans impact the environment and also how the environment impacts humans. 1. Review the theme of Human Environment Interaction (HEI). Under the document camera write down: climate/weather, terrain, agriculture. Ask students to discuss how these three things impact humans in Turkey. Remind students that in Turkey, similar to Washington, the natural environment strongly shapes the way people live and survive and that today they are going to learn about to significant issue impacting the quality of life in Turkey and its neighbors. 2. Students will get to decide which issue related to HEI they want to focus on. To introduce the two options show a video clip or some pictures that help illustrate the situation.   

I used this video from ABCnews.com to introduce earthquakes: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aseewDyrm5o I pieced together an article about earthquakes in Turkey using this website: Turkey Earthquake Information www.earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/index.php?regionID=22 I used this slide show and article for the Euphrates River: Iraq Suffers as the Euphrates River Dwindles by Campbell Robertson http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/14/world/middleeast/14euphrates.html?_r=0

3. After viewing the video/slide show students pick which article they want to read. Students should read articles and then with their groups discuss how the theme of HEI is represented. They should talk about how humans are impacting the environment and the environment is impacting humans. Have each group share what they learned to the other half of their class. 4. Independently, students will write a reflection in their journals summarizing the article they read and how their article/issue relates to HEI making sure to specifically identify the impact on the people of Turkey. They should finish by describing what they think will and/or should happen in the future relative to their specific focus.

The Common Core Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies (Grades 6-8) ask students to Integrate visual information (e.g. in charts, graphs, photographs, videos, or maps) with other information in print and digital texts. http://www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/RH/6-8


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