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March 2014, Vol 145, No. 3_MeetingAbstracts
Cardiothoracic Surgery | March 2014
Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema
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Sebastian Peñafiel, MD; Eugenia Libreros Niño, MD; José González García, MD Author and Funding Information Chest. 2014;145(3_MeetingAbstracts):25A. doi:10.1378/chest.1824573
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Abstract SESSION TITLE: Surgery Case Report Posters I SESSION TYPE: Case Report Poster
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PRESENTED ON: Sunday, March 23, 2014 at 01:15 PM 02:15 PM INTRODUCTION: Reexpansion Pulmonary Edema is a rare complication with high mortality rate; it usually occurs after rapid re expansion of large pneumothorax drainage. It is crucial to identify risk factors (young age, >3 days collapsedlung, application of negative intrapleural pressure)1. Once PRE is diagnosed immediate therapy is required.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 39yearold male was referred to our hospital for a right pneumothorax. During the last month he
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presented with cough, shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. A thoracostomy tube was placed and partial pulmonary expansion was confirmed in a chest Xray (figure 1). Five hours after the procedure patient started with frothy sputum, hypoxemia and gradually worsening dyspnea. A chest computed tomography showed patchy areas of consolidation, ground glass opacity in right lung and extensive pneumomediastinum (figure 2). High flow oxygen supply, intravenous diuretics and morphine were administered and continuos cardiopulmonary monitoring was established. Clinical improvement was evident during the next 2 days; total lung expansion and areas of consolidation disappeared in successive chest Xray. However, persistent air leakage lasted for 7 days. Via right posterolateral thoracotomy a 3 centimeter bullae in the middle lobe was resected with a stapler and pleurodesis was performed. Patient was discharged 48 hours prior surgery.
DISCUSSION: RPE appears to be caused by multiple mechanisms. Increased capillary permeability due to hypoxic injury, re perfusion injury with release of toxic oxygen free radicals and surfactant depletion, are all thought to play a major role2. Clinical features are variable and may range from asymptomatic patients to pinkish sputum, severe dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest Xray findings are non specific and variable, although typically unilateral airspace opacities appears 1 2 days and resolve within a week3. Treatment is supportive, mainly consisting of supplemental oxygen and, if necessary, mechanical ventilation. The disease is usually selflimited.
CONCLUSIONS: RPE is a rare but potencially lethal complication to consider after rapid reexpansion of large pneumothorax drainage. The mechanisms by which reexpansion pulmonary edema can occur are complex and controversial. In this case report the clinical features suggest a large period (one month approximately) of collapsedlung before it was drained.
Reference #1: Komatsu T., Shibata S., Ryutaro Seo R; Unilateral reexpansion pulmonary edema following treatment of pneumothorax with exceptionally massive sputum production, followed by circulatory collapse; Can Respir J. 2010 MarApr; 17(2): 5355.
Reference #2: Sohara Y. Reexpansion pulmonary edema. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Aug;14(4):2059. Reference #3: Baik JH, Ahn MI, Park YH, Park SH., HighResolution CT Findings of ReExpansion Pulmonary Edema Korean J Radiol. 2010 MarApr;11(2):1648.
DISCLOSURE: The following authors have nothing to disclose: Sebastian Peñafiel, Eugenia Libreros Niño, José González García No Product/Research Disclosure Information
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