Registration of 'Henderson' Soybean

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Registration of ‘Henderson’ Soybean David B. Weaver* and Rachel R. Sharpe ABSTRACT ‘Henderson’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV-509, PI 665225) was developed and released by the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station in July 2011 as a mid–maturity group VIII (relative maturity 8.3) cultivar with high yield and oil content. Our objective was to develop a conventional (non–genetically modified [GM]) cultivar with high yield adapted to the southeastern United States. Henderson was developed by conventional breeding from the cross ‘NCRaleigh’ × G92-1110 using single-seed descent generation advance. A single F5:6 progeny row was bulked and tested for yield, agronomic traits, and disease reactions in trials in Alabama and across the southern United States. The average seed yield was significantly greater than for ‘Prichard RR’ in 2006 and 2007, greater than for ‘Cook’ in 2005 and 2006, and greater than for ‘N8001’ in 2008. Seed oil content was significantly higher than for Prichard RR and other checks. Henderson is moderately resistant to southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] and susceptible to peanut root-knot [M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood] and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) races 2, 3, and 14. It is resistant to southern stem canker [caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis Fernández), and Soybean mosaic virus. Because of its high yield and non-GM status, Henderson is a desirable cultivar for use in conventional or organic systems, as a parent for cultivar development, or for use in countries where GM crops are not allowed.

‘H

enderson’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV-509, PI 665225) was developed using conventional breeding methods from a cross of cultivar NC-Raleigh (Burton et al., 2006) and elite maturity group (MG) VI breeding line G92-1110 (Tyler, 1999). Henderson was developed and released as an alternative to genetically modified(GM) soybean cultivars. Use of GM soybean exceeds that of other crops, with 94% of the U.S. soybean area planted to GM soybean in 2011 (USDA Economic Research Service, 2012). Henderson will provide an alternative to growers who may not wish to pay the high seed costs associated with technology-added crops, who may wish to produce soybean in an organic system, or who live in other countries where GM organisms are not allowed. It will also allow producers to save their own seed for future planting, something that production of GM soybean does not allow. Henderson is an F5 – derived selection and was tested as Au02-2814 in multiple

Dep. of Agronomy & Soils, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL 36849-5412. *Corresponding author ([email protected]). Abbreviations: GM, genetically modified; MG, maturity group; PBU, Plant Breeding Unit. Published in the Journal of Plant Registrations. doi: 10.3198/jpr2012.05.0279crc Received 7 May 2012. Registration by CSSA. © Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher.

Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 7, No. 2

environments in Alabama and the southeastern United States from 2004 to 2008, where it showed higher yield and higher seed oil content than other MG VIII cultivars or breeding lines tested. Henderson was released because of its high seed and oil yield and as a conventional alternative to GM cultivars.

Methods Parents and Pedigree Henderson originated from the cross between NC-Raleigh and the elite MG VI breeding line G92-1110. G92-1110 was a selection from ‘Bryan’ (Boerma et al., 1991) × MG VII ‘Coker 6727’. Coker 6727, a proprietary cultivar developed by the Coker’s Pedigreed Seed Company, was selected from a population developed from the cross ‘Braxton’ × [‘Centennial’ × (‘Hampton 266A’ × ‘Pickett 71’)] (Webb and Hicks, 1965; Hartwig et al., 1971; Hartwig and Epps, 1977; Hinson et al., 1981).

Development of Breeding Line The cross between NC-Raleigh and G92-1110 was made in the field at the Auburn University Plant Breeding Unit (PBU) near Tallassee, AL in 1999, and the F1 generation was grown in a winter nursery in Belize. In 2000 approximately 5000 plants of the F2 generation were grown in bulk in the field at the PBU. Single seeds were harvested from each plant according to the single-seed descent method of generation advance (Brim, 1966) and planted in the winter nursery in Belize, where the procedure was repeated and the F4 generation was grown the same winter. Approximately 3000 F5 seeds were grown in bulk during the summer of 2001 at the PBU. From these, 400 F5 plants were randomly 1

harvested and threshed individually. These were planted in F5:6 single-row, 2-m long plots with 1 m between rows during summer of 2002. Rows were visually evaluated for uniformity of flower and pubescence color, lodging resistance, and height. Seventy-three rows were selected and individually harvested in bulk for yield evaluation starting in 2003. One line was identified as a promising genotype and tested under the experimental designation of AX443-2814.

Breeding-Line Evaluation Yield Trials In 2003, the breeding line AX443-2814 was tested for yield and agronomic traits against other experimental genotypes and check cultivars in the field at the PBU. Based on superior yielding ability, it was advanced to multilocation tests in Alabama during 2004, where it was tested in Tallassee and at the Gulf Coast Substation in Fairhope, AL. Based on performance in these preliminary tests, AX443-2814 was tested under the experimental designation Au02-2814 in the MG VIII preliminary tests of the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States (Paris and Shelton, 2006) in 2005 at six locations. On the basis of 2005 results, Au022814 was moved to the advanced testing stage of the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States in 2006 (Gillen and Shelton, 2007) at nine locations. On the basis of 2006 results, Au02-2814 was retested in these trials in 2007 (six locations) and 2008 (nine locations) (Gillen and Shelton, 2008, 2009). In addition, Au02-2814 was tested in the Alabama Soybean Variety Tests in 2006– 2010.

Plot Technique In the MG VIII USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States yield trials, genotypes were evaluated in field plots that consisted of four rows. There was either 76 or 97 cm between rows, with about equal numbers of each. Row length varied from 4.9 to 6.1 m. Plots were end-trimmed at maturity, and the middle two rows were harvested for yield. In the Alabama Soybean Variety Tests, experimental plots were four rows, with either 76 or 97 cm between rows. Row length was 6.1 m, plots were end-trimmed at maturity, and the middle two rows harvested for yield. Glyphosate was not applied to any tests used for comparison purposes in this release notice.

Traits Evaluated Traits evaluated were days to maturity, lodging score, plant height, seed quality, and seed size (measured as mass of 100 seeds). In the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States trials, seed protein and oil content were analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy (AACC, 1999). The analyses were performed at the National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL.

Statistical Analyses Seed yield and other agronomic traits were evaluated in the field in randomized complete block designs. In the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States trials there were two replications in 2005 and three replications in 2006, 2

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2007, and 2008. Yield trials in the Alabama Soybean Variety Tests had four replications. Seed composition in the USDA tests was done by collecting a composite sample from each environment. Analysis of variance was performed with SAS (SAS Institute, 2007). In the USDA tests, location and replication were considered random, and genotypes were considered fi xed. Fisher’s protected LSD was used for comparison among genotypes. In the USDA tests, the genotype means from each environment within years were considered replicates in a randomized complete block design, with the genotype × environment term used as the error estimate. In the Alabama Soybean Variety Tests LSD values were calculated for each location/year combination with the block × genotype term as the error.

Seed Purification and Increase Seed purification of Henderson was begun in 2008 and continued through 2010. In 2008, 200 single plants were randomly harvested from isolation blocks. These plants were individually threshed and planted as single-plant progeny rows in 2009. Rows were inspected with regard to flower and pubescence color, and any rows that did not conform to the phenotype of Henderson with regard to plant height, maturity, and uniformity were removed. Rows were harvested, bulked, and planted in an isolated increase block of 1 ha in 2010. During the growing season, this block was rogued repeatedly for flower color. Just before harvest, the block was rogued for pubescence color. A combine cleaned with compressed air was used to harvest the increase block, and approximately 3000 kg seed were produced.

Characteristics Agronomic and Botanical Description Henderson has yellow seeds with brown hila and dull luster seed coats, a determinate growth habit, white flowers, tawny pubescence, and tan pod walls. In USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States trials, Henderson matured approximately 2 to 4 d earlier than ‘Prichard RR’ and 2 to 3 d later than ‘Cook’ (Boerma et al., 1992) (Tables 1, 2, and 3). Prichard RR is a backcross derivative of ‘Prichard’ (Boerma et al., 2001) that carries a single gene for resistance to glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine). Henderson is about 1 d later than ‘N8001’ (Carter et al., 2008) (Tables 2, 3, and 4). Plant height of Henderson is significantly less than that of Prichard RR and about the same as that of Cook and N8001 (Tables 1–4). It is more resistant to lodging than Prichard RR and about the same as N8001 (Tables 1–4). Compared with Cook, it was more resistant to lodging in 2005 (Table 1) but not in 2006 (Table 2).

Yield Performance In six environments in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States tests in 2005, Henderson had a yield of 3044 kg ha−1, which was significantly more than for Cook (14% greater) but not statistically different from that of Prichard RR (Table 1). In nine environments in 2006, Henderson performed significantly better than all checks except N8001, yielding 13% more than Cook, 15% more Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 7, No. 2

Table 1. Agronomic performance of Henderson and soybean check cultivars in 2005 in the USDA–ARS Preliminary Soybean Tests, Southern States. Cultivar

Yield

Maturity

Height

Lodging

kg ha−1

Oct. 1 = 1

cm

1–5†

Oil

Protein

Seed quality

Seed size

1–5‡

g 100 seed−1 13.5

—————— g kg−1 ——————

Henderson

3044

31

89

1.8

228

381

2.2

Prichard RR

2768

33

107

2.6

198

440

1.9

13.0

Cook

2676

28

97

2.5

197

426

2.7

15.6

LSD (0.05)

363

§

6

0.5

16

11

0.5

0.9

6

6

6

5

6

6

3

6

No. of environments †

1 = no lodging; 5 = prostrate row.

‡

1 = very good; 5 = very poor.

§

Unable to calculate LSD for maturity because individual location data were not reported.

Table 2. Agronomic performance of Henderson and soybean check cultivars in 2006 in the USDA–ARS Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States. Cultivar

Yield kg ha

−1

Maturity Oct. 1 = 1

Height

Lodging †

cm

1–5

Oil

Protein

Seed quality

−1

1–5

—————— g kg ——————

‡

Seed size g 100 seed−1

Henderson

3689

28

89

2.0

211

381

1.8

Prichard RR

3204

32

102

2.6

185

425

1.5

14.0 12.9

Cook

3266

26

91

1.9

190

416

1.9

15.5

N8001

3588

27

91

2.3

184

407

1.7

15.3

SC01-803RR

3380

29

97

1.3

186

433

1.6

15.5

LSD (0.05)

255

2

5

0.4

7

11

0.3

1.1

9

7

9

8

6

6

5

9

No. of environments †


‡



Yield

Maturity

Height

Lodging

kg ha−1

Oct. 1 = 1

cm

1–5†

Henderson

3434

30

89

1.8

232

Prichard RR

3030

32

97

1.9

212

N8001

3172

30

86

1.6

198

SC01-803RR

3104

31

91

1.1

212

LSD (0.05)

322

3

6

0.5

6

5

6

6

No. of environments

Oil

Protein

Seed quality

Seed size

1–5‡

g 100 seed−1

372

1.9

14.7

420

1.5

14.1

392

1.7

16.2

429

1.7

16.9

8

17

0.3

1.1

4

4

6

6

—————— g kg−1 ——————

†


‡


than Prichard RR, and 9% more than SC01-803RR, a line used as an MG VIII check in the USDA-ARS Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States (Table 2). In the 2007 tests, Cook was discontinued as a check cultivar in the USDA tests (Table 3). Henderson yielded 13% more than Prichard RR in 2007 and 11% more than SC01-803RR, both significant differences. It was not different from N8001. In 2008 in nine environments, Henderson was significantly higher-yielding than N8001 (7% higher) and SC01-803RR (12% higher) (Table 4). In 2 yr of comparison in 15 environments in the USDA tests, Henderson yielded 3431 kg ha−1, compared with 3030 kg ha−1 for Cook (Tables 1 and 2). In 3 yr of comparison in 21 environments, Henderson yielded 3432 kg ha−1, compared with 3029 kg ha−1 for Prichard RR (Tables 1, 2, and 3). In 3 yr of comparison Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 7, No. 2

in 24 environments, Henderson yielded 3512 kg ha−1, compared with 3320 kg ha−1 for N8001 and 3180 kg ha−1 for SC01-803RR (Tables 2, 3, and 4). In the Alabama Soybean Variety Tests, ‘Stonewall’ (Weaver et al., 1989) was used as a comparison cultivar, even though it belongs to MG VII, because it was common across all years and locations and was widely grown in the Southeast for many years. Henderson yielded significantly more than Stonewall in 4 out of 5 yr and significantly more than Prichard RR in 3 out of 4 yr of testing at Fairhope, a typically high-yielding environment (Table 5). Only in 2010 was its yield not greater than that of checks. At Brewton, Henderson was higher yielding in 2007, but not 2008, 2009 or 2010. At Marion Junction, an environment with typically low yields, Henderson yielded more than C U LT I VA R

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Yield

Maturity

Height

Lodging

kg ha−1

Oct. 1 = 1

cm

1–5†

Henderson

3387

29

97

2.2

208

395

1.9

14.2

N8001

3151

27

94

2.6

200

416

2.0

16.0

SC01-803RR

3030

28

97

1.6

192

429

1.6

16.0

LSD (0.05)

222

2

5

0.6

7

7

0.4

0.8

9

8

9

9

7

7

6

8

No. of environments

Oil

Protein

Seed quality

Seed size

1–5‡

g 100 seed−1

—————— g kg−1 ——————

†


‡


Table 5. Seed yield of Henderson and check cultivars in Alabama Soybean Variety Tests from 2006 through 2010. Location Marion Junction 2009 2010

Cultivar

2007

Brewton 2008 2009

2010

2006

2007

Fairhope 2008

2009

2010

——————————————————————————————————— kg ha−1 ——————————————————————————————————— Henderson

2161

960

3757

2638

3751

2865

6207

4664

2664

3892

3603

Prichard RR

1308

1389

3288

2631

3362

2919

5462†

3905

1906

2919

3423

2053

1301

2818

2751

3469

2624

4778

3825

2040

3322

3643

361

465

259

481

433

505

553

233

361

488

353

Stonewall

‡

LSD (0.05) †

Check genotype used for comparison in Fairhope in 2006 was G04-G2261, not Prichard RR.

‡

Stonewall is a MG VII cultivar.

Prichard RR in 2009. It was not different from Stonewall in 2009 and not different from Stonewall or Prichard RR in 2010. Averaged across 11 environments, Henderson yielded 3378 kg ha−1, compared with 2966 kg ha−1 for Stonewall. Across 10 environments, Henderson yielded 3096 kg ha−1, compared with 2705 kg ha−1 for Prichard RR.

Seed Traits The seed quality of Prichard RR was significantly better than that of Henderson in 2006 and 2007 but not different from that of Prichard RR in 2005 (Tables 1, 2, and 3). Henderson’s seed quality was the same as that of Cook, N8001, and SC01-803RR in all other comparisons except in 2005, when it was significantly better than Cook’s (Tables 1, 2, 3, and 4). Seed size ranged from a mean of 13.5 g 100 seed−1 in 2005 to 14.7 g 100 seed−1 in 2007, which was somewhat smaller than seed of N8001, Cook, and SC01-803RR. Prichard RR had significantly smaller seed than Henderson only in 2006; they were the same in all other years of comparison. Seed protein and oil content for Henderson differed from check cultivars in every year of testing in the USDA tests (Tables 1–4). Henderson had lower protein and higher seed oil. Seed protein content ranged from 372 g kg−1 in 2007 (Table 3) to 395 g kg−1 in 2008 (Table 4). The protein content of the check cultivars was significantly higher in every comparison, ranging from a low value of 392 g kg−1 for N8001 in 2007 (Table 3) to 440 g kg−1 for Pritchard RR in 2005 (Table 1). Conversely, seed oil was higher in every comparison, ranging from a high value of 232 g kg−1 in 2007 (Table 3) to 208 g kg−1 in 2008 (Table 4).

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Disease Resistance Results from the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests, Southern States trials show that Henderson is resistant to southern soybean stem canker (caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis F.A. Fernández), moderately resistant to southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood], and susceptible to peanut root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood]. It is also susceptible to races 2, 3, and 14 of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe). The HG types tested in 2005 and 2006 were 1.2.5.7 (race 2), 7 (race 3), and 1.3.5.7 (race 14). In 2007 the HG types were 1.2.7 (race 2), 0 (race 3) and 1.3.5.6.7 (race 14). In 2008 HG types were 1.2.5.7 (race 2), 5.7 (race 3) and 1.3.5.6.7 (race 14). Henderson is resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (Paris and Shelton, 2006; Gillen and Shelton, 2007, 2008, 2009). Although not confirmed by independent tests, it has never shown symptoms of bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye], a disease that almost always infects soybean plants lacking in resistance. It has been observed to show symptoms of infection by frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara) in at least 1 yr under conditions favorable for development of the disease, so is assumed to be susceptible (data not shown). Based on Henderson’s superior seed yield and high seed oil content, Henderson has the capacity to produce more seed and oil than other cultivars of similar maturity. This will make Henderson a desirable cultivar for growers who produce soybean in organic systems, and who need a conventional (non-GM) cultivar for either oil or protein production. It can also be grown in countries that do not Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 7, No. 2

allow production of GM crops. Henderson is a desirable parent for use in cultivar development in the Deep South.

Availability Inquiries regarding commercial use of Henderson should be directed to the Alabama Crop Improvement Association, P. O. Box 357, Headland, AL 36345, Attn. James Bostick (334-693-3988). Small quantities of Henderson for breeding purposes can be obtained from D.B. Weaver, Department of Agronomy & Soils, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5412. Application has been made for PVP for Henderson. Seed of Henderson has been deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System, where it will be available for distribution after expiration of the PVP, 20 yr after the date of publication.

References American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC). 1999. Near infrared methods: Guidelines for model development and maintenance. AACC method 39-00.01. AACC, St. Paul, MN. Boerma, H.R., R.S. Hussey, D.V. Phillips, E.D. Wood, and S.L. Finnerty. 1991. Registration of ‘Bryan’ soybean. Crop Sci. 31:487. doi:10.2135/ cropsci1991.0011183X003100020068x Boerma, H.R., R.S. Hussey, D.V. Phillips, E.D. Wood, and S.L. Finnerty. 1992. Registration of ‘Cook’ soybean. Crop Sci. 32:497. doi:10.2135/ cropsci1992.0011183X003200020048x Boerma, H.R., R.S. Hussey, D.V. Phillips, E.D. Wood, G.B. Rowan, S.L. Finnerty, and J.T. Griner. 2001. Registration of ‘Prichard’ soybean. Crop Sci. 41:920–921. doi:10.2135/cropsci2001.413920x Brim, C.A. 1966. A modified pedigree method of selection in soybeans. Crop Sci. 6:220. doi:10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600020041x Burton, J.W., T.E. Carter, Jr., M.O. Fountain, and D.T. Bowman. 2006. Registration of ‘NC-Raleigh’ soybean. Crop Sci. 46:2710–2711. doi:10.2135/cropsci2005.11.0410

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Carter, T.E., Jr., J.W. Burton, M.O. Fountain, P.E. Rzewnicki, M.R. Villagarcia, and D.T. Bowman. 2008. Registration of ‘N8001’ soybean. J. Plant Reg. 2:22–23. doi:10.3198/jpr2007.03.0121crc Gillen, A.M., and G.W. Shelton. 2007. Uniform soybean tests, southern states, 2006. USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS. Gillen, A.M., and G.W. Shelton. 2008. Uniform soybean tests, southern states, 2007. USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS. Gillen, A.M., and G.W. Shelton. 2009. Uniform soybean tests, southern states, 2008. USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS. Hartwig, E.E., and J.M. Epps. 1977. Registration of ‘Centennial’ soybean. Crop Sci. 17:979. doi:10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183X0017 00060050x Hartwig, E.E., J.M. Epps, and C.J. Edwards, Jr. 1971. Registration of Pickett 71 soybeans. Crop Sci. 11:603. doi:10.2135/cropsci1971.001 1183X001100040063x Hinson, K., R.L. Kinloch, H.A. Peacock, W.H. Chapman, and W.T. Scudder. 1981. Braxton soybean. Florida Agric. Exp. Stn. Cir. S-276. IFAS, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. Paris, R.L., and G.W. Shelton. 2006. Uniform soybean tests, southern states, 2005. USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS. SAS Institute. 2007. The SAS system for Microsoft Windows. Release 9.1.3. SAS Inst., Cary, NC. Tyler, J.M. 1999. Uniform soybean tests, southern states, 1998. USDAARS, Stoneville, MS. USDA Economic Research Service. 2012. Adoption of genetically engineered crops in the U.S. USDA, Washington, DC. http://www .ers.usda.gov/data-products/adoption-of-genetically-engineeredcrops-in-the-us.aspx (accessed 30 July 2012). Weaver, D.B., R. Rodriguez-Kabana, and H.R. Boerma. 1989. Registration of ‘Stonewall’ soybean. Crop Sci. 29:1329. doi:10.2135/ cropsci1989.0011183X002900050054x Webb, H.W., and J.D. Hicks, Jr. 1965. Coker Stuart and Hampton soybeans. Crop Sci. 5:199. doi:10.2135/cropsci1965.0011183X000 500020044x

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