Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 47 (2012) 1859 – 1863
CY-ICER2012
Relation between behavior pattern, job satisfaction, BMI and WHR in Shiraz Physical Education Office Personnel’s AbbasiBakhtiari.Rezaa* a
Tiran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tiran, Iran
Abstract The purpose of this survey is to study the relationship between type of personality and job satisfaction, BMI and WHR of the employees in Shiraz physical education department. The statistical society of this survey included all the employees of physical education administration of Fars province & the city of Shiraz office of physical education from which 57 (30 male, 27 female) accessible and targeted individuals were chosen as statistical sample. To perform this study, In Body 3.0, body composition analyzing device made by South Korean company Biospace and three different questionnaires: the personal information questionnaire, the type of personality questionnaire by Bern Ruiters and the job satisfaction questionnaire by Bery Fildroth were used. To analyze data, the inferential tests, the multivariate regression, the independent t and the Pearson correlation coef ficient were used. The analysis of regression showed that 18% of personality type variance is determined by three variables: job satisfaction, BMI and WHR (P = 0.01). The personality of the individuals has a direct relevance to their body composition features and their job satisfaction. The more was the compatibility and appropriateness between job and personality, the more job satisfaction was observed. Because of the relationship between body composition indices with the type of personality and job satisfaction, considering the body type is a beneficial and effective way for having psychological health, increasing the job satisfaction and finally improving the efficiency of organizations. Keywords: Type of personality, Job satisfaction, BMI, WHR;
1. Introduction: Hylgard believes that personality is a feature which makes an individual able to develop communication with others and simplifies the realization of respecting to oneself. Kerch and Krachfyld believe that personality is a series of behavioral patterns and completely personal methods which people use to confront the reactions and encounter the life issues; Katel identifies the personality as an organization which helps individuals to predict their behavior in various situations (1). According to Denollet et al. (2003), personality implies indicates structures and processes which outline individual behavior and experience and depending on personality structure, each individual shows unique emotion and behavior while encountering stressful events, therefore, personality traits would balance the connection between health and stress (2). Behavioral pattern (type A and type B personality) was recognized by two specialists (Fridman and Rosenman) during 50s. Individuals with type A behavioral pattern are punctual, challenger, competitor and impatient while type B individuals are easygoing, they pay more attention to the quality of life and work, also, they are orderly and cautious (4).
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1877-0428 © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Uzunboylu Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.913
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there is a significant connection between job satisfaction and three out of the six personality aspects: tendency for being nervous, dominance submission and domination. It was also recognized that, the personality trait of domination is higher among males than females (5). Body mass index (BMI), which was calculated by dividing weight by square of height, and waist to hip ratio (WHR); both are the indices of body composition and fatness evaluation. Body mass index and waist to hip ratio are significant predictors of cardiovascular risk factors such as systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (9, 10, 11). Investigations showed that type A individuals are more prone to cardiovascular disorders namely blood pressure, coronary heart disease and increase of serum cholesterol levels; than type B individuals (12.13). 2.The research method: The present research is a descriptive/correlational research in which the relation between job satisfaction and type of personality, BMI and WHR of employees of physical education administration of Fars province & the city of Shiraz office of physical education were evaluated. The statistical society of this survey included all the above mentioned employees (total: 152) from which 57 (30 male, 27 female) accessible and targeted individuals were chosen as statistical sample. 3.The research tools: To perform this study, In Body 3.0, body composition analyzing device and three different questionnaires were used. The first questionnaire includes personal information of the employees namely their age, education, amount of wages, work experience, title of organizational post, etc. In order to determine their personality type, the standard type of personality questionnaire by Bern Ruiters was used which consists of 25 Yes/No questions. In most research cases the validity of this test has been reported higher than 70%. To interpret the results, one point is given to a Yes answer and none to No answers; at the end, people who gain points higher than 13 have a tendency to type A, those with points less than 13 tend to type B, those gaining less than 5 points have an intense tendency to type B, and gained more than 20 points are those having an intense tendency to type A, while 13 points is the middle score or type X (4). The standard job satisfaction questionnaire by Bery Fildroth was also used in this research. The validity of this test has been calculated higher than 83%. This questionnaire consists of 19 queries which are evaluated based on agree no comment, disagree, and completely disagree). As follows 5 points is given to totally agree choice and respectively to the end, the choice of completely disagree would gain 1 point for questions number 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 16, 18, 13; but it is reversed for eight other questions (14). 4.How to collect data: The method of collecting the questionnaires was that they were distributed among candidates after gaining the acceptance of directors in the related department and explaining the aim of research for candidates by one of the scholars in a workshop organized for this purpose; and after being completed the questionnaires were collected by the examiner. To measure height, weight, BMI and WHR of the research samples, the body composition analyzer (In Body 3.0) made by South Korean company named Bioscope (Model 2001) was used. The calculating method of 4 factors: height, weight, BMI and WHR was as follows: candidates were asked not to eat breakfast, neither take a bath, nor have physical activity before the test. All the variables were evaluated after urination. In order to stand on the In Body 3.0 device, the candidates had to be just in underwear, and keep their soles and palms moistened with special paper tissues; then they had to stand still, straight and relax on the device. It should be mentioned that all the evaluations were taking place during 8 a.m. to 10 a.m.; also female samples of this research were not in their menstruation period during the evaluation. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics were used for the determination of the average and standard deviation. Multivariate regression was used to identify the connection between variables (the common method, Enter, was used for the capability to predict the independent variables simultaneously). The independent t test was also used to compare some variables. The Pearson correlation
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coefficient was used to identify the relation between variables. Microsoft Excel software was used to draw the graphs. The statistical operation was done using the statistical software SPSS ver. 16, and the significant level of the tests was set to be 0.05. 5.Results: In total, 57 individuals were under evaluation for personality type, job satisfaction and body composition in this research. As it is seen in Table 1, the average age of male samples was higher than that of the females; and their work experience was also more than female ones. Age (years)
Table 1: sample descriptive data Height (m)
Weight (Kg)
Work Experience (years)
deviation
deviation
deviation
deviation
Standard
Male (30 individuals) Female (27 individuals)
Table 2, shows the regression is significant (P = 0.01, F (53, 3) = 3.88). That means three independent variables: job satisfaction, BMI and WHR significantly predict the personality type dependent variable and 18% of personality type variance is defined by three variables: job satisfaction, BMI & WHR, and based on beta coefficients the highest influence belongs to the job satisfaction variable. Table 2: The analysis of multivariable regression for the connection of personality type with job satisfaction, BMI and WHR variables Dependent Predictor variables Beta t P df F P variable Personality Job satisfaction 0.31 2.6 0.01 type 0.18 53.3 3.88 0.01 BMI 0.32 2.3 0.03 WHR 0.36 2.06 0.04
The table 2 data shows a significant connection between the personality type and BMI of individuals. 34 out of 57 people had type B personality of which 38.2% (13 individuals) had a BMI higher than 25; while 18 other individuals had type A personality of which 72.2% (13 individuals) had a BMI higher than 25. There was no significant connection between the job satisfaction and BMI of individuals (r = 0.22, P = 0.09). However, there was a significant connection between the job satisfaction and WHR of individuals (r = 0.27, P = 0.04). There was also a significant connection between the BMI and WHR of individuals (r = 0.92, P = 0.00).
Type Sex male female total
Type A individuals 10 8 18
percentage 17.5 14.1 31.6
Table 3: Body type Type B individuals percentage 16 28.1 18 31.6 34 59.7
Type X (middle) individuals percentage 4 7 1 1.7 5 8.7
According to the table 3 data, most of the samples in this research were of type B (34 people, 59.7%) of which 18 were female and 16 were male individuals, but no significant connection between their sex and body type were observed (t = 0.54, P = 0.58); while there was a significant difference between type A personality individuals and those with Type B (t =10.67, P = 0.00). 6.Discussion: The purpose of this survey was to study the relationship between type of personality and job satisfaction, BMI and WHR of the employees of Shiraz physical education administration and office. Results showed that 18% of personality type variance is defined by three variables: job satisfaction, BMI and WHR; and that independent
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variables show a significant connection to the body type variable. According to Feldman and Arnold, job satisfaction refers to the sum of tendency and positive emotions that people give to their jobs. Narimani et al. (2007) satisfaction than those with type B (15). The results of present research were consonant to the results of the research personality and their job satisfaction. Tabatabaie et al. (2004) in their research addressed a significant connection between job satisfaction and personal traits of the individuals (17). Results of the research showed that job satisfaction differs among men and women. This is consonant to the results of studies done by Narimani et al. (2007), & Nourbakhsh and Alizadeh (2004) (27, 5). The research done by Narimani et al., in which they had studied the connection between job satisfaction and personality traits of the employees in a university; no difference was observed in terms of job satisfaction between male and female employees and as they explained the reason was the identical work environment and exposing to the same common factors which affected the satisfaction or non-satisfaction of men and women (5). The results showed that average BMI among men was higher than the normal level which is 25, but female samples had a proportionate average of body mass index. There was a significant difference for BMI of men and women. As the male samples of the research were in higher average age (39.2 years) than female ones (32 years), the BMI difference among the samples can possibly be attributed to the age difference. Sharifi et al. (2008) observed a significant connection between the increase of age and increase of BMI; they explained that as people grow older, their BMI goes higher (28). Mazlom zade et al. (2006) also addressed the increase of age as a factor in increasing of BMI amount (29). 7.Conclusion: The results indicate a significant connection between personality type, job satisfaction, BMI and WHR. The achieve the goals more quickly and to raise the efficiency of organizations and agencies, the compatibility of an connection with BMI, but it did with WHR index. Both indices of body composition had a significant connection with each other. Most of the samples in this research had the Type B personality which could be attributed to the work environment and the decreasing effects of exercise on anxiety and stress. Men and women had no difference in terms of job satisfaction, but had a significant difference in BMI and WHR index. References Baghiani Moghadam, Mohammad Hossein. Halvani, Gholam Hossein. Ahrampoush Mohammad Hasan. (2006). The study of personality type and status report of injured motorcycle drivers in the city of Yazd in 2004. Journal of Mazandaran university of medical sciences. 16 (51) : 69-74. Denollet, J., Pederson, S. S. (2003). Type D personality, cardiac events, and impaired quality of life: a review, European Journals of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, 10: 241-248. Roushan Chelsi, Rasoul. Modarresi, Fariba. (2002). The effects of personality types and mental health on systemic lupus eryth ematous and rheumatoid arthritis. Hakim Magazine. 5 (4) : 255-262. Ganji, Hamzeh. (1999). General psychology (volume 2). Virayesh publications. Second edition. Chapter 10. Narimani, Mohammad. Khanbabazade, Mojgan. Farzaneh, Saeed. (2007). The study of personal traits and job satisfaction of employees of -83. Rahimi, Eskandar. (2009). The study of job stress factors and its relationship with job satisfaction of employees of physical education administration of Fars province. Olympic. 1(45) : 7-18. Peymani Azad, Hossein. (2002). Personality type determination and its relation to success among physical education administra universities. Harekat. 14: 125-140.
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