Relationships between TRIZ and classical design ... - CyberLeninka

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Procedia Engineering 9 (2011) 512–527

TRIZ Future Conference 2007

Relationships between TRIZ and classical design methodology Markus Deimel * Polysius AG, A Company of ThyssenKrupp Technologies, 59269 Beckum, Germany

Abstract The paper shows that more similarities than differences exist between TRIZ methods and classical design methods. The solution principles of abstraction and concretion are discussed in detail and are formalized mathematically. As an example, the methodical analogies of the conflict modelling and the preparation of similarity ratios for dimensioning are pointed out. TRIZ methods are integrated in a typical model of a systematical design process. For selected working steps of the design process, the author describes alternative suitable design methods. Further, the article includes the experiences of the author concerning conflict and contradiction modelling and presents a simple manageable software tool to support the conflict modelling. A complex case study from automotive industry shows the harmonized use of TRIZ and classical design methods.

©©2011 byElsevier ElsevierLtd. Ltd. 2010Published Published by Keywords: Design methods; Abstraction; Concretion; Similarity ratios; TRIZ-Tool; Design of headlamps;

1. Introduction The main goal of this contribution is to show the similarities and differences between the TRIZ and classical design methodology. TRIZ methods are exemplarily integrated in the “Braunschweiger” design process model and are compared with corresponding classical design methods. Detailed information about the discussed methods can be extracted from the relevant technical literature, e.g. [1, 2, 3, 4]. This article shows that a coupling of TRIZ and classical design methods offers essential advantages. The TRIZ methodology is arised as a result of extensive empirical investigations. That is the main reason for the strengths and weaknesses of this methodology. A basic problem of TRIZ is the very specific terminology and its empirical founded structure. The terms and definitions in the use of TRIZ differ considerable in parts from the conventional use and fit only very “tough” in a common consistent and logical term structure. For example, the separation principles of the contradiction formulation can only be understood after a series of practical applications. The experiences show that the efficient use of the methodology necessitates a very trained moderator or an already TRIZ trained team. The TRIZ terms have to be learned and practised like a foreign language. In that case, the methodology is quite powerful because of its comprehensive material of assocation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-160-546-3246 . E-mail address: [email protected] . 1877–7058 © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.03.138

Markus Deimel / Procedia Engineering 9 (2011) 512–527

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2. Comparison between TRIZ Methods and classical design methods A more precise analysis makes clear that all TRIZ methods include single method elements of classical design methods at least. For example, the analogy methods (e.g. substance-field analysis, conflict and contradiction modelling) can be mentioned in which the finding of ideas bases on intuitive association analogous to the brainstorming [5]. Another example is the so-called “model of miniature dwarfs”, that uses empathy for searching solutions similar to synectics [6]. The application of TRIZ methods which base on intuitive association, like conflict or contradiction modelling, generate ideas by accomplishing temporal consecutive steps of abstraction and concretion. As an example, we focus on the conflict modelling in the following [2, 4, 7]. Within the method „conflict modelling“, normally the specific task is abstracted first by a description of two conflicting technical parameters at least. On this abstract solution layer, inventive principles are - empirically founded [1] - assigned to the relevant combinations of the two technical parameters. The inventive principles can be seen as solution approaches from which concretized solutions ca be derived by association. An analogous procedure beginning from the specific task description up to an abstraction, solution of the abstract task and transformation in a specific solution is applied within the TRIZ methods “contradiction modelling “ and “model of miniature dwarfs” as well. The alternating usage of abstraction und concretion is not exclusively an TRIZ specific solution principle. All times, this principle is used in the design methodology, e.g. to abstract the task [8], to find associatively concept ideas [9, 10] and to describe design solutions with similarity ratios [11]. The superior principle of solution abstraction and concretion can be formalized mathematically and is exemplified in a simple way by the derivation of dimensionless similarity ratios [12, 13]. If a design relationship can be characterized by n measurable parameters, like geometric dimensions, velocities, forces or voltages, this relationship can be described completely according to Buckingham’s Pi Theorem [12] by a reduced number of m dimensionless ratios Sj (see equation 1). A ratio is a power product of dimension-assigned quantities and is dimensionless, if the dimension of the ratio is “1” in the applied system of base units, like the SI unit system [14].

f (x1 ,..., x n ) 0 F(S1 ,..., Sm ) 0 , m n (1) The dimensionless number Sj can be calculated with the help of a dimension matrix [14] and the Gaussian algorithm on the basis of the parameters xi according to the following calculation scheme:

Sj

r

x j x i ij ,i { D

i 1,..., r}, j {

j 1,..., m}, Dij

(2)

i 1

Figure 1 clarifies the calculation of a complete set of ratios considering the deformation of a pressure spring which is loaded by a force.

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relevant parameters: force F, cross-sectional area A, length l, Youngs‘ modulus E, F deformation 'l

F A E l 'l m 1 2 1 1 1 kg 1 0 1 0 0 s 2 0 2 0 0 xi 1 xi 2 F A 1 0 0 1 0 0

xj 1 xj 2 E l 1 0 1 0,5 0 0

rank r = 2

l

A

E

xj 3 'l 0 0,5 0

= (Dij)

S1

(E A) F, S2

S3

'l / A

l

A,

Figure 1: Algorithmical deduction of a complete set of similarity ratios based on the Pi Theorem.

The advantage of the dimensionless description is that solution knowledge can be represented in a compressed and quantifiable form. The established set of ratios is equivalent to an abstract description of the solution space characterized by the dimension-assigned variables. The value of a ratio is independend of the used basic unit system, that means that the value of the ratio is constant independent of the fact, if e.g. a geometric dimension has the unit “m” or “mm”. Because of the dimensionlessness, ratios are standardized and more comparable to each other. Similarities of products and processes can be identified and characterized by identical structures or values of dimensionless ratios. Within his dissertation [11], the author was engaged in detail in similarity ratios for systematic synthesis, evaluation and optimization of design solutions. Basics and fields of application areas of similarity ratios are described extensively in the mentioned work [11]. Figure 2 emphasizes the analogous methodical approach of conflict modelling and the derivation of dimensionless ratios. The conflict modelling is exemplified by the conceptual design of structures for crash energy absorption [7] and the establishment of ratios is explained by means of the dimensioning of an electromagnetically switched friction clutch [7, 11, 15]. The assignment of specific and abstract solutions can be formalized mathematically by mapping instructions. Specific task and solution layer are named with the character “A”, the abstract task and the abstract solution with the character “B” (see figure 3).


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I: conflict modelling abstract problem improving parameter: length of stationary object (length of deformation) avoiding deterioration parameter: shape (wide scope of design)

abstract solution relevant inventive principles, e.g.:

specific problem required: long deformation path and short length of the car front

specific solution

7 integration: „an object runs through the hollow space of another object“ 13 dynamic sampling: „make an immovable object movable“ solution principles for moveable vehicle crash structures

Analogous procedure II: derivation of dimensionless ratios for dimensioning abstract solution

abstract problem SA

determination of the values of L2max 'Z't 3max § 't § M1 M 2 · · ¨1 ¨ ¸ ¸ , SA, S1, S2, S3 2 'Z T T 't 2 P d max 'x 1 © 1 2 ¹¹ © S

S2

D K '- Lmax b 't 3max , T*

3

S1

3

P0 k Cu B, Uel 't Lmax

S3

SA

Lmax

90

(S1 ; S2 ; S3 ; SA ) (0, 40;1, 22;1/ 90; 486)

'x L max

S3 S3

1 45

1 30

SA

1

486

3

specific problem identification of optimal design parameters influencing variables:

X {M1 , M 2 , T1 , T2 , 'Z, 't, L max , d max , P, P 0 , k Cu , b, B, 'x, Uel , '-, D K }

2

S1

3

P0 k Cu B Uel 't Lmax

S2

'- D k L max b 't 3max T*

specific solution dimensions of design parameters, e.g.:

b 23mm, B 30 mm, 'x 1mm, k Cu 0,5

Figure 2: Comparison between the methodical approaches of the conflict modelling in TRIZ and the ratio based dimensioning.

An abstraction is a non-injective and surjective mapping [16]. The concretion is equivalent to the inverse mapping. “Non-injective” means e.g. in the context of the conflict modelling that different tasks can be described by one combination of two conflicting technical parameters. “Surjective” expresses e.g. that every inventive principle can be assigned to minimum one combination of technical parameters. The principle of abstraction can be conceived mathematically in the following form (figure 3):

°ai , a j A : ai z a j ® °( f (ai ) z f (a j )) ( f (ai ) ¯

^bi B : ai A : f (ai )

½ ° ¾ f (a j )) ¿ °

bi `

(3)

Figure 3 points out schematically the mapping properties of abstraction and concretion within the search of solution exemplified by the approach of conflict modelling.


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By using a reduced number of solution attributes, e.g. only two technical TRIZ parameters, the solution representation becomes more abstract, more universal and is appropriate for systematization of solutions. The number of the degrees of freedom for the finding of conceptual solutions and in that way the probability for the generation of innovative ideas arise. description of a design task, e.g. on the basis of relevant requirements ai,j

A

abstraction

combination of technical parameters

B

ai bi

specific a j problem

abstract problem conflict matrix abstract solution

specific solution … concretion

inventive principle

z.B. working principles, working structures or concepts Figure 3: Abstraction as an example of non-injective und surjective mapping and concretion as corresponding inverse operation.

3. Integration of TRIZ methods in the systematical design process The „Braunschweiger“ design process model is an advancement of the workflow proposed by Roth, Franke and Simonek [17]. In this workflow, the four phases “Clarification of the task”, “Principle phase”, “Embodiment phase” and “Elaboration phase” are distinguished (see figure 4).


Phase

Classical methods and aids (examples)

TASK

1

517 TRIZ methods

Analysis of product surroundings,

Specification of the task Main task

Requirement list

Searching schemes Innovation checklist Checklists Competitor documents Resources checklist Property rights Black Box

evaluation of partial tasks, 2 Establishment function structures

Abstract / Logical function structure

Functional modelling Object modelling

evaluation

3

Searching of physical effects, principle solutions

4

Conceptual sketches, raw design

Principle phase

evaluation Embodiment phase

5

6

Operations of variation Embodiment principles Design catalogues

Detailed scetches, detailed design evaluation

Elaboration phase

Physical effects Solution principles Materials, Synectics, Brainstorming

Complete handling and manufacturing instructions

Production process Tools und Devices Recurring part Standard part

Production go-ahead

Manufacturing, Assembly, Check

PRODUCT

Figure 4: Phases and working steps of the design process (“Braunschweiger” Model) and integration of TRIZ methods [4].

Within the design process, the process steps can supported by various methods and methodical aids. Figure 4 shows the assignment of classical design and TRIZ methods to the workings steps of the process model. In several cases, the methods and aids of the TRIZ methodology cannot be assigned exclusively to only one phase of the process. In these cases, the particular method is attributed to the process step which is supported mainly by the method. Figure 4 reveals that TRIZ methods assist particularly the working steps of the principle phase. TRIZ methods support the clarification of the task, the embodiment and elaboration phase only to a minor degree. Besides, methods for evaluation of solution variants are missing totally in the TRIZ methodology so that classical methods, like the cost benefit analysis [18], have to be used. Furthermore, at least other approved methods and aids should be applied from the author’s point of view which can be used instead of TRIZ methods for single working steps. For example, the function matrix [19, 20] is suitable to find physical effects and working principles alternatively to the TRIZ effect collection. The function matrix enables a systematical access to partial solutions by using the transformed physical quantities, like forces “F” and velocities “v” (figure 5).

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Besides, classical methods and aids can be used efficiently as completion of TRIZ methods, e.g. the “search matrix” [21] in addition to the innovation checklist. Input

Output

F

1

s

2

pi

3

v

4

M

5

F

s

pi

v

M

1

2

3

4

5

1.1

1.5

5.1.

5.5

Figure 5: Function matrix and the systematical access to physical effects [19, 20] (excerpt).

4. Findings about conflict and contradiction modelling A conflict according to the TRIZ methodology only exists if, because of the improvement of one technical system parameter, the value of another parameter degrades. For each of these conflicts which can be described by in general 39 technical parameters, so-called inventive principles, like segmentation and asymmetry, can be identified for direct search of solutions. The inventive principles function ultimatively as association parameters with which a more directed and more structured search of new solutions is accomplishable in comparison with brainstorming [5] for example. Meantime, 40 inventive principles are established to solve the conflicts. Alternative to the described conflict modelling, every task can be formulated as a contradiction. A contradiction in TRIZ is given if the characteristic of a solution property is required in combination with the contrary characteristic. Solution approaches arise by separation of the contrary properties. Therefor, TRIZ provides four fixed separation principles: “separation in space”, “separation in time”, “separation inside the object and its parts” and “separation by change of conditions”.


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In comparison with the conflict modelling and the 40 inventive principles, which provide relative precise directions for the search of new solutions, the contradiction modelling only enables a “coarse” segmentation of the solution space. The outcome of this is on the one hand a higher degree of freedom, but on the other hand less orientation for the solution search. The author’s experiences are in this connection that in general the contradiction modelling generates less ideas than the conflict modelling dealing with the same task.

Figure 6: “GINA”-TRIZ-Tool (screenshots) [4].

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However, the contradiction modelling is very appropriate to identify basic solution directions, e.g. existent basic approaches of functional intergration or possible changes of boundary conditions (see case study). Another advantage of contradiction modelling in comparison with the conflict representation is a detailed consideration and integration of a modification of the product environment - like an adaptation of adjoining parts - by application of “separation by change of conditions”. The Institute of Engineering Design at the Technical University of Braunschweig developed a TRIZ-tool (http:// user.gina-net.de/triz), that is specific suitable for TRIZ interested users who want to get first experiences with the application of the conflict matrix and have no access to commercial software tools (figure 6). The TRIZ-Tool can be applied simply and intuitively. It gives plain descriptions of the technical parameters and inventive principles. Many application examples and illustrations make the frequent abstract description of the inventive principles clearer. In addition, further details and application procedures are given to ensure a fast introduction into the method application. 5. Integrated application of TRIZ and classical design methods in a particular case study Within the framework of the collaborative R&D project “GINA” which is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF), the author developed as scientific assistent of the Institute of Engineering Design at the Technical University of Braunschweig a front end module for a low-consumptionvehicle. As industrial cooperation partners, the Hella KGaA Hueck & Co., HBPO (Hella-Behr Plastic Omnium) and the Volkswagen AG are engaged in the project. An essential part within the front end development was the embodiment of the headlamp fixation and integration in the front end module. In this connection „integration“ means the appropriate embedding of the headlamp in the construction structure of the module and the positioning to the adjoining front end components, like the bumper coat and the hood. The integration is successful if viewers of the car have the impression of an emotively design of the gaps between the headlamp and the bordering components.

gaps

Figure 7: Integration of a headlamp in the car front and existent gaps.

The performance of the emerging joint design depends decisively on the characteristic of the joint’s width along the visible border line of the adjoining components (see figure 7). Furthermore, a continuous gradient of the vehicle’s outline influences the joint design positively. For a widespreaded search of solutions for the fixation and integration of the headlamps - in addition to literature and licence research as well as functional analyses [22] - further methods were used. In this context, the applied methods and aids “morphological box” [23], “method 635” [24] and “gallery method” [25] are mentioned in brief. The project specific approaches and results of the application of the contradiction and conflict modelling are pointed


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out in detail. Furthermore, the adapted combination of these TRIZ methods with the use of the “function matrix” [19] and the establishment of “design catalogues” [17] are described. 5.1. Contradiction modelling The usage of the contradiction modelling in the project had the goal to find many principle solution approaches for the integration of the headlamps in the front end module. Starting point for the contradiction analysis was the conventional headlamp packaging. The packaging was arranged in that way that cover lens and light technology built one assembly group which had to be fixed and positioned in one working step. For the method application, the contradiction had to be formulated on the basis of the task first. For the fixation and integration of the headlamps, the following contradiction can be established: „The fixation of the headlamp should be stiff to achieve an optimal dynamic rigidity. For simple adjustment to the bumper coat, the headlamp should be flexible.” By using the four separation principles, a variety of solutions have been found. In the following, for every separation principle interesting ideas are given as examples: Separation in space: The light technology parts and the plastic cover lens are separated in space so far apart that no design structural relation exist. Both areas can be positioned independent on each other. In this case, light source and other optical components can be placed in the vehicle at any position. For the transfer of light to the cover lens, fiber optical waveguides or reflectors for light deflection can be applied. Separation in time: The fixation of the headlamps has to be stiff during the driving operation, but has to be flexible for positioning during the module assembly. A principle solution is the change of stiffness of the fastening depending on the time. For example, a magneto rheological bearing of the headlamps realizes such a variable stiffness. A variation of a magnetic field, e.g. generated by an electromagnet, controls the viscosity of the magneto rheological fluid from a thin fluid state to a very tough state. For positioning of a headlamp, only a low oder no magnetic field is switched on, so that a variation of the position is possible. In the end position, a definite higher magnetic field has to be generated to fix the headlamp. Another example to realize the positioning only during the assembly is a headlamp’s bearing based on a clip joint which is blocked during normal driving with a movable anchor. Separation inside the object: The headlamp is designed separably, so that the cover lens and the light technology can be positioned independent on each other. The light engineering can be fixed stiffly without influencing the joint design. The positioning of the cover lens is realized in a preceding or subsequent assembly step. Separation by change of conditions: One basic idea of this separation principle is that the headlamps or the product environment of the headlamps can be modified to eliminate the contradiction. This is possible e.g. if the cover lens is integrated in the hood which is composed of a transparent plastic. The area of the hood is painted which is not relevant for coupling out the light. By this integration, gaps between the cover lens and the other parts of the front end module can be avoided and a positioning is needless. Another change of condition which eliminates the contradiction consists of the concept to allow worse joint designs. The emerging inhomogeneous gaps could be covered with a faceplate for example. 5.2. Conflict modelling With the contradiction modelling generated ideas were analysed by the project team with regard to the fulfillment of requirements. The analysis clarified that solutions are very suitable in which cover lens and light technology are arranged closely and can be positioned independend on each other. To increase the number of solutions of this solution class, the method of conflict modelling was applied in the project afterwards.


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Improving parameter

Worsening parameter

Inventive principle

13 Stability

35 Adaptability

2, 30, 34, 35

35 Adaptability

13 Stability

14, 30, 35

Relevant inventive principles for finding ideas: 2: separation, 14: curve, 30: flexible hulls and films, 34: deletion and regeneration, 35: change of properties Table 1: Formulated conflicts and derived inventive principles.

Inventive principle 2: “segmentation”

cover lens

centering device

hood Light technology is integrated in the front end module. In a subsequent mounting step, the plastic cover lens is fixed as a separate part and is positioned to the bumper coat by centering. The centering device and the cover lens are jointed by bonding.

bumper coat light engineering Inventive principle 30: “flexible hulls and films”

elastic gaiter adjustment surface

Cover lens and housing with integrated light engineering are coupled with an elastic element, e.g. in form of an elastic gaiter. The ideal position of the cover lens can be achieved by preloading with the adjustment surface of the bumper coat

Inventive principle 35: “change of properties”

F1

Cover lens and the light technology are coupled elastically. The positioning of the lens is realized by electromagnetic forces instead of mechanical forces. In the bumper coat, electromagnets are embedded which generate attractive forces F1 and F2 on the ferric elements in the cover lens. The forces fasten the lens on the bumper coat.

F2

Table 2: On the basis of selected inventive principles associated solutions in an industrial project (examples).

The description of the problem was derived from the task and the experiences of the contradiction modelling: „The light technology parts of the headlamp have to be fixed stiffly in the front end module and the cover lens have to be positioned simply to the bumper coat.” The following colloquial conflict results from the problem description by abstraction: „An improvement of one system parameter, in this case an increasement of the stiffness, causes a worsening of another system parameter, in this case a decrease of the adaptability of the cover lens.” This conflict was formulated with the help of the 39 technical parameters. The term “adaptability” is a technical parameter of the TRIZ methodology and was used directly for conflict formulation. The term “stiffness” is not a technical parameter, so that the expression had to be circumscribed with the technical parameter “stability”. This


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reflection leads to the conflict formulation in TRIZ: “The improvement of the stability causes the worsening of the adaptibility.” The conflict matrix is asymmetric, so that in most cases additional inventive principles can be found by inversion of the conflict formulation (see table 1). Also, the “inverse” conflict is applicable to find solutions: “The improvement of the adaptibility causes the worsening of the stability.” From the application of the two described conflicts and the conflict matrix, five inventive principles result for the search of solutions (table 1): “separation”, “curve”, “flexible hulls and films”, “deletion and regeneration “ and “change of properties”. Table 2 shows how to create systematically suitable solutions using the inventive principles. As examples, for three of the five principles, solution ideas and operation modes - generated by the project team are shown. 5.3. Function matrix To generate further ideas for the positioning of the plastic cover lens relative to the bumper coat, the function matrix [19] was used in addition to the conflict modelling. For the application of the function matrix, the design task has to be described with the help of functional quantities [19], like force or velocity.

Figure 8: Physical effects for distance-force-conversion, matrix field 1.2 of the function matrix (excerpt).

The positioning of a part requires that a part changes its relative position to another part. A change of a position causes the covering of a distance. For permant fixation of the part at the attained position, holding forces have to be generated. From there, the task can be solved by physical effects or chains of physical effects particularly, which convert a distance in a force. For example, the matrix field 1.2 (see figure 8) contains the effects for the direct distance-force-conversion. In the case study, the application of the function matrix generated a variety of design solutions, from which several correspond with ideas of the contradiction and conflict modelling. For example, the solution according to the inventive principle “flexible hulls and films” (table 2) which base on elastical deformation was founded with the help of effect “Hooke’s Law” (effect 5 in figure 8) as well. In this connection, two solutions - which were generated


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with the function matrix and base on the physical effects “thermal expansion” and “beam bending” - are shown in table 3. Physical effect “thermal expansion”

The cover lens is integrated in the car front after the fixation of the light technology. The lens is - under normal conditions - a little bigger than the available design space. Before the assembly, the lens has to be cooled down so that a mounting with low clearance is realizable. The impact of the ambient temperature effects an expansion of the lens which is jointed by force-fit with the front end module.

Physical effect “beam bending”

The bumper coat has an elastic seal on the top edge. During the assembly, the seal deforms elastically and connects to the lower and lateral edge of the cover lens. A fixation of the lens is accomplishable without further adjustment because the connection of the elastic seal between lens and bumper coat generates a so-called „zero-gap“.

Table 3: Two ideas for the integration of headlamps elaborated with the function matrix (examples).

5.4. Design catalogue for the task “Improving of gap design” With the information from the literature and license research and the generated solutions, a design catalogue [17] was established, which gives a nearly complete overview about the approaches to improve the gap design (figure 9). The establishment of the catalogue generated a structured storage of solutions which enables – among others – the fast selection of suitable solutions for head lamp integration tasks in the future depending on the fulfilling requirements. 6. Detailed embodiment design After a detailed and close evaluation of ideas, which have been regarded as suitable, the idea derived from inventive principle 30 (see table 2) was seen as best solution variant. One Reason for the persuading evaluation result is - among other things - the self-actuating and simple adjustment of the gaps. Furthemore, the solution is nearly insensitive to thermal dilatation. Classifying part Approach of head lamp integration Minimization of tolerance chain

Embodi-ment rule

Inte-gration of parts

Main part Design realization

One material

solution


525

Two materials

Substance-fit

Adjust-ment during assembly

Force-fit

Form-fit

Use elasticity partner

of

one

Elastic position adaptation Use elasticity of a third part

Figure 9: Solution catalogue for the task “Improving the gap design” (excerpt).

The detailed embodiment of the best headlamp integration variant was supported by CAD. The final design based on a coupling of the headlamp housing (with integrated cover lens) and the light technology parts with an elastic gaitor. The elastic connection enables the necessary relative positioning and inhibits the permeation of foreign material. The light technology is fixed on a cross member (figure 10). The cover lens ist coupled by coil springs with the light technology. The required gap width adjusts automatically by elastic deformation of the springs and the adjustment surfaces of the bumper coat.


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adjustment surfaces of bumper coat cross member

plate springs coil springs

cover lens gaitor

Figure 10: Integration of a headlamp by elastical position adjustment [4].

7. Summary TRIZ methods contain in general at least elements of classical design methods. To achieve a variety of solutions within the solution search, it is advisable to combine TRIZ methods with selected classical methods. The article points out the similarities and differences of TRIZ and classical methods and assigns them to the working steps of a systematical design process. Abstraction and concretion are elaborated as essential principles for creative search of solutions for both classes of methods. Alternative to TRIZ methods, suitable classical design methods are presented to support definite working steps, e.g. the function matrix for the search of working principles. Conflict and contradiction modelling are analyzed in detail, strengths and deficiencies are discussed and the author’s experiences are described. A case study from automotive industry shows the procedure and the results of the combined application of TRIZ and classical design methods. Acknowledgments The collaborative R&D project “GINA” (Holistic Innovation Processes in Modular Enterprise Networks) is funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) within the Framework Concept "Research for Tomorrow's Production", and supported by the Production and Manufacturing Technologies Project Management Agency (PFT), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe.

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