OR-3v6
18-12-2007
14:39
Pagina 170
Oncol Rev (2007) 1:170–176 DOI 10.1007/s12156-007-0020-6
Daniel Y.C. Heng Ronald M. Bukowski
Received: 12 November 2007 Accepted in revised form: 13 November 2007
R.M. Bukowski (쾷) 9500 Euclid Avenue, R35 Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA Tel: 1-216-444-6825 Fax: 1-216-444-0114 e-mail:
[email protected] D.Y.C. Heng • R.M. Bukowski Experimental Therapeutics, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland OH, USA
REVIEW
Renal cell carcinoma: evolving approaches to advanced non-clear cell carcinoma
Abstract The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has changed dramatically with the introduction of targeted therapies including sunitinib, sorafenib, and temsirolimus. Because patients with conventional clear cell histology account for 7580% of all patients with RCC, there has been little accumulated evidence on the treatment of patients with non-clear cell histologies. Most clinical trials have excluded them from enrolment, except for randomized studies investigating temsirolimus. Many retrospective studies on the use of
Introduction Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) portends a poor prognosis and will cause 12,890 deaths in the United States in 2007 [1]. The most common RCC histology encountered is the conventional clear cell subtype accounting for 75%–80% of all RCCs [2]. Although not as common, the remaining subtypes including papillary (10%–15%), chromophobe (5%–10%) and collecting duct carcinoma (
