health related physical fitness testing was conducted in Kerala state schools from ... of Education, Sports, Health and LSG through Kerala State Sports Council ...
2009 Kerala Total Physical Fitness Programme Test Results Report to the Government
Prepared by Kerala State Sports Council September 2010 Available on the Total Physical Fitness Programme Web site at http://www.tpfp.org
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Our state’s young people are, in large measure continue to be inactive, unfit, and increasingly underweight. In the long run, this physical inactivity threatens to reverse the decades-long progress we have made in reducing death from cardiovascular diseases and to devastate our state health care budget. Enhancing efforts to promote participation in physical activity and sports among young people is a critical state priority. By identifying effective new steps and strengthening public-private partnerships, we should advance our efforts to prepare the state’s young people for lifelong physical fitness.
1. In the academic year 2009-2010, as part of the "Total Physical Fitness Programme" health related physical fitness testing was conducted in Kerala state schools from classes’ five to ten. 2. A total of 23,34,739 students enrolled in classes five to ten, were administered the Total Physical Fitness Programme: Health Related Physical Fitness Test (HRPFT) in 2009, from 6010 schools representing approximately 91 percent of Kerala State schools. 3. Only 14 percent of state school population from classes’ five to ten found within the minimum recommended standard on all the health related physical fitness test items (Boys- 16.58% and Girls-11.46%). 3. Among the total, 3.93 percent (92,413) obtained more than 75 points in all fitness test items and qualified for 2nd phase testing intended for talent identification (Boys-5.67% and Girls-2.19%). 4. Only 42,105 students participated in the 2nd phase testing, among them 12,684 students (0.54 percent) meet the required standard of 75 point and above on all the test items in direct testing conducted by the state testing authority. 5. According to the 2nd phase results, state wide 1127 students obtained "A" Grade and 2675 and 8882 obtained "B" grade and "C" grade respectively. 4. Considering state averages on girls’ performance in each age group, performance was below the recommended fitness standards on fitness variables except in modified pull up. 5. The data reveals that 61.88% of girls students failed meet the recommended standard in abdominal strength (10= 64.88%, 11=69.21%, 12=66.83%, 13=61.00%, 14=54.69%, 15=55.43%, 16=59.58%, +17=62.29%). 6. The data also shows that, the performance on physical fitness variables of girls’ students is far below in comparison with Asian counter part Japan. The poor abdominal strength will lead to poor posture and pot belly and it became the root cause for the lower back pain in later life.
7. Girl’s students 43.57 percent are failed to meet the recommended standard in flexibility and failed students’ percentage increasing by their age (10=39.9%, 11=45.48%, 13=39.42%, 14=45.84%, 15=44.07%, 16=44.77%, +17=45.49%). 8. The low performance in one mile run Indicate low level cardio-respiratory capacity, 52.27% of the girls students are not met the recommended standard, failed students percentage also found increasing by their age (10=41.64%, 11=41.05%, 12=42.38%, 13=53.84%, 14=59.75%, 15=60.54%). The prime reason for this phenomena is the lack or decreasing level of physical activity when they reaching to the higher classes. 8. 7.79% of girls students are found severe under weight (BMI less than 13) and 52% of girls students are under weight when compare with WHO standard of 18.50 (normal range). Only 2.89% girls’ students are found over weight. Those who scored below 13 in BMI required clinical examination for prove the condition of severe thinness. 9. 83.42 percentage of boys students failed to reach the recommended standards is also increasing by their age; it is very clear indicator of decreasing level of physical activity among the students when they reaching higher classes but scenario not verse like the case of girls. 10. The state wide averages on physical fitness of boys students shows that, age group of boys 10, 11 and 12 years meeting recommended criteria equal to grade D standard. 11. In the case of boys’ age group 13, 14 and 15, the averages are not meeting required healthy zone standard recommended for the respective age groups in abdominal strength, flexibility and cardio respiratory endurance. 12. In the case of cardio respiratory endurance of boys, the performance of age group 14 and 15 is below than the age group of 13. This very clearly indicate the lack or decreasing level of physical activity when they reaching to the higher classes.
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Introduction In the academic year 2009-2010, as part of the "Total Physical Fitness Programme" health related physical fitness testing was conducted in Kerala state schools in classes’ five to ten. The test used for physical fitness testing is the TPFP Health Related Physical Fitness Test (TPFP HRPFT), designated for this purpose by the Government of Kerala. This report summarizes results of the 2009-2010 test administration and provides a summary comparison.
Background G.O.(M.S) No: 10/08/Gen. Edn Dated: Thiruvananthapuram, 07.01.2008, Govt. of Kerala accorded administrative sanction for implementation of the Total Physical Fitness Program (TPFP), is a comprehensive project launched as a joint initiative of Departments of Education, Sports, Health and LSG through Kerala State Sports Council for boosting of physical fitness status of Kerala school children. Assessment of health related physical fitness of entire school population is the primary work envisaged under this project which was formally launched on 1st Nov 2008 by Her Excellency Smt. Prathibha Sing Pattil, President of India.
Description of the Test The TPFP Health Related Physical Fitness Test was developed by Directorate of Sports & Youth Affairs, GOK and Kerala State Sports Council with the primary goal of assisting students in establishing physical activity as part of their daily lives. Physical fitness testing consists of three broad components of fitness: 1) aerobic capacity, 2) body composition, and 3) muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility. The third component is further divided into three areas: abdominal strength and endurance, upper body strength and endurance, and flexibility. To ensure comprehensive measurement of all components, the TPFP HRPFT is comprised of the following five fitness areas:
Aerobic Capacity – One-Mile Run / Walk Test Body Composition – Body Mass Index Abdominal Strength and Endurance – Sit-Ups (60 sec) Upper Body Strength and Endurance – Modified Pull-Up Flexibility – Sit and Reach
More detailed information regarding the TPFP HRPFT, the five fitness areas, and the performance criteria can be found on the Total Physical Fitness Programme Web site at http://www.tpfp.org
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Fitness Criteria The TPFP HRPFT uses norm reference standards to evaluate fitness performance. These standards represent a level of fitness that offers a degree of protection against diseases resulting from physical inactivity. Performance on each of the fitness-area tests is classified into five categories. Performances are then compared to a chart and the grades from A to F for each test item. A constitutes excellent performance and E constitutes barely passing. An F grade is an alternate term that the participant has failed that section. The awards are: Minimum Proficiency Requirements (Grade - D) At least an D grade performance in all 4 test items AND Between the recommended score in BMI Silver Proficiency Requirements (Grade- C) At least a C grade performance in all 4 test items AND Between the recommended score in BMI Gold Proficiency Requirements (Grade - B) At least a B grade performance in all 4 test items AND Between the recommended score in BMI Champ Proficiency Requirements (Grade - A) At least a "A" grade performance in all 4 test items AND Between the recommended score in BMI
Results of 2009 Testing A total of 23,34,739 students enrolled in classes five to ten, were administered the Total Physical Fitness Programme: Health Related Physical Fitness Test (HRPFT) in 2009, from 6010 schools representing approximately 91 percent of Kerala State schools. Tables 1 provide an overall summary of schools and number of students participated from each district.
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TABLE 1: OVERALL SUMMARY OF SCHOOLS AND NUMBER OF STUDENTS PARTICIPATED FROM EACH DISTRICT. SL. DISTRICT NO OF NO
STUDEN TOTAL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
NO. OF
TS
SCHOO
QUALIFI
PARTIC
QUALIFI
NO .OF
LS
TOTAL NO
ED FOR
IPATED
ED IN
SCHOO
PARTICI
OF
IIND
IN IIND
IIND
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM KOLLAM ALAPPUZHA PATHANAMTHITTA IDUKKI KOTTAYAM ERNAKULAM THRISSUR PALAKKAD MALAPPURAM WAYANAD KOZHIKKODE KANNUR KASARAGOD
LS
PATED
MALE
STUDENTS
PHASE
PHASE
PHASE
548 482 380 355 257 485 564 521 452 678 157 607 812 301
482 450 334 317 257 485 564 495 400 448 148 591 812 227
95633 89925 64290 36572 42236 72475 108154 124393 109038 133490 34488 127720 101406 45496
FEMALE
94345 89691 62952 34580 38912 71212 105672 123843 105611 125302 33031 124543 95379 43990
189978 179616 127242 71152 81148 143687 213826 248236 214649 258792 67519 252263 197145 89486
5312 6836 5025 2386 5517 6213 9203 8531 12284 5886 3496 11208 7510 3007
2009 2639 1699 1472 2443 3496 3411 3427 5632 2619 1195 5931 4541 1591
666 444 566 269 975 937 1125 957 1700 720 536 1849 1502 438
6599
6010
1185316
1149063
2334739
92414
42105
12684
Tables 2- List of Schools Eligible for Best School Awards 2009-10. District
Thiruvanathapuram Kollam Alappuzha Pathanamthitta Idukki Kottayam Ernakulam Thrissur Palakkad Malappuram Wayanad Kozhikkode Kannur Kasargode
SCHOOL CODE
42041 41035 35034 37037 30245 45028 25093 24039 20034 19026 15246 16286 14039 12240
SCHOOL NAME
QUALIFIED STUDENTS
S N H S S Uzhamalakkal A V Govt H S for Boys Thazhava St. Thomas H S Karthikappally M G D H S Puthussery Nedumkandam SS UPS St. Thomas H S Kallara M A High School Thuravoor St. Josephs H S S Pavaratty AKNMMAMHS Devadhar Govt H S S Tanur Padinjarathara AUPS Valayam UPS I J M H S S Kottiyoor Udinoor Central AUPS
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50 51 51 14 60 39 112 71 147 38 56 89 57 45
TOTAL STUDENTS
1436 1505 1495 709 948 964 561 1612 1208 3834 685 497 496 585
Tables 2 a & b provide state averages of girls students participated in the TPFP test during the year 2009-10.
Table 2a: State Averages of Girls Students in TPFP Fitness Test (2009-10) Physical Fitness Area Sit-Ups (nos) Sit & Reach (cm) M. Pull-Ups (nos) 1 Mile Run (min: sec) BMI Height (m) Weight (kg)
Table 2b:
Kerala' 08 18.76 21.31 10.56 12:32
10 years Kerala' 09 17.11 20.27 9.96 12.92
18.06 1.34 28.27
Jap an 22.5 32.9
15.12 1.32 26.51
9:17
Kerala' 08 19.77 21.98 11.06 12:23
17.5 1.39 34.1
21.11 1.40 31.82
11 years Kerala' 09 18.55 20.96 10.81 12.48 15.71 1.38 30.18
Jap an 26.4 31.3 9:07
Kerala' 08 20.7 22.75 11.33 12:05
18 1.45 38.5
18.45 1.46 36.17
12 years Kerala' 09 19.49 21.67 10.78 12.46 16.46 1.44 34.33
Jap an 26.8 34.3 9:48 18.9 1.51 43.4
State Averages of Girls Students in TPFP Fitness Test (2009-10)
Physical Fitness Area
13 years Kerala' Kerala' 08 09 21.02 20.24 23.45 22.35 11.55 11.15 12:07 12.45
14 years Kerala' Kerala' 08 09 20.93 20.72 23.78 23.03 11.53 11.29 12:31 12.55
Jap an 27.6 36.6
15 years Kerala' Kerala' 08 09 19.81 20.7 23.37 23.36 11.17 11.35 13.01 12.58
Jap an 28.7 37.4
Jap an 33.8 37.5
Sit-Ups (nos) Sit & Reach (cm) M. Pull-Ups (nos) 1 Mile Run 9:55 9:24 9:52 (min:sec) BMI 21.76 17.27 19.5 20.23 17.97 19.8 22.1 18.41 Height (m) 1.5 1.49 1.54 1.51 1.52 1.55 1.51 1.54 Weight (kg) 40.32 38.57 46.7 41.9 41.77 48.2 42.44 43.53 US data from: NHANES 1999-2002 and Japan data from: National Nutrition Survey, Japan Figure 1- Girls Averages Sit-Ups (nos)
Sit & Reach (cm)
M. Pull-Ups (nos)
1 Mile Run
10 years
11 years
12 years
13 years
7
14 years
15 years
Japan
Kerala'09
Kerala'08
Japan
Kerala'09
Kerala'08
Japan
Kerala'09
Kerala'08
Japan
Kerala'09
Kerala'08
Japan
Kerala'09
Kerala'08
Japan
Kerala'09
Kerala'08
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
The data in Table 2a and 2b indicate average performance of girls’ students on various test items. All the test items the average scores on test items are below minimum recommended standards. i.e. not equalling to grade D in all the test items, From age 14 onwards girls students’ performance on sit-ups and one mile run performance shows decreasing trend i.e less than the average performance 13 year old girls. Moreover, the results of sit and reach test and a modified pull-up test result also shows stability from 13 to 15. Which means that age 13 onwards, the physical fitness of girls’ students is decreasing when they reaching to higher classes. The data also shows that, the performance on physical fitness variables of girls’ students is far below in comparison with Asian counter part Japan. The very important point to note in the average results in cardio respiratory endurance, the average of girls students of 10 year - 12.92, 11 year- 12.48, 12 year- 12.46, 13 year12.45, 14 year - 12.55 and 15 year - 13.01. Which clearly shows lack of physical activity among girls students and the average of 15 year old girls were below 10 year girls. The low performance in one mile run Indicate that, the cardio-respiratory capacity of the girls students more than 13 years of age is very low and deceasing. The poor abdominal strength will lead to poor posture and pot belly and it became the root cause for the lower back pain in later life. The prime reason for this phenomena is the lack or decreasing level of physical activity when they reaching to the higher classes. Regular physical activity reduces people's risk for heart attack, colon cancer, diabetes and high blood pressure and may reduce their risk for stroke. It also helps to control weight; contributes to healthy bones, muscles, and joints; reduces falls among older adults; helps to relieve the pain of arthritis; reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression; and is associated with fewer hospitalizations, physician visits, and medications. Activity decreases with age, and sufficient activity is less common among girls than boys. Physical activity can also help people avoid developing functional limitations, can improve physical function, and can provide therapeutic benefits for people with heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, arthritis, lung disease, and other chronic diseases. Moreover, physical activity need not be strenuous to be beneficial; people of all ages benefit from moderate-intensity activity, such as 30 minutes of brisk most days of the week.
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TABLE 3 - PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE STUDENTS NOT MEET THE RECOMMENDED STANDARDS IN TEST WISE
Age
Sit-up Sit& reach (Abdominal (Flexibility) strength)
Age 10 Age 11 Age 12 Age 13 Age 14 Age 15 Age 16 Age 17+ Average
51.45 53.83 49.29 57.32 66.06 66.21 69.71 42.49 56.37
72.69 68.68 69.84 65.91 67.34 74.55 78.53 45.48 69.03
M. Pullups (upper body strength) 22.69 26.64 31.65 36.66 35.01 40.76 42.63 25.17 31.55
One mile run (Aerobic capacity)
40.18 40.88 43.42 44.51 49.71 50.21 51.37 42.49 44.41
Figure- 2 PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE STUDENTS NOT MEET THE RECOMMENDED STANDARDS IN TEST WISE 80
69.03
70
60
56.37
50 44.41 40 31.55 30
20 Sit-up (Abdominal strength)
Sit& reach (Flexibility)
M. Pull-ups (upper body strength)
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One mile run(Aerobic capacity)
The Table 3 shows that, in average 56.37, 69.03, 31.55 and 44.41 percentages of girls students are failed to meet the minimum recommended standards in Sit-up, Sit & Reach, Modified Pull-Up and One mile run respectively. All the test items the percentages of failed girls students are increasing from age 13 onwards. Figure 3
BMI Range of Female Students in Kerala 2009 Severe Thinnes -BMI 13&18.50 & 25 & 30 & 35 & 40
22.35, 23%
0.16, 0%
0.16, 0%
0.24, 0% 7.11, 7% 69.03, 70% 0.04, 0% 0.03, 0%
Figure 4 0.15, 0% 1.83, 2%
0.04, 0%
BMI Range Female Students 2008 1, 1% 7.22, 7%
13 & 19 & 24 & 30 & 35 & 40 (Obese Class III)
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The further analysis of Body Mass Index (MBI) on girls students shows that, 7.11% of girls students are severe underweight (BMI less than 13 ) and 70% of girls students are underweight when compare with WHO standard of 18.50 (normal range). Only 0.24% girls’ students are found over weight. The average height and weight of the girls students found at par with Indian Council of Medical Research norms for their age. Although the BMI number is calculated the same way for children and adults, the criteria used to interpret the meaning of the BMI number for children and teens are different from those used for adults. For children and teens, BMI age- and sex-specific percentiles are used for two reasons: The amount of body fat changes with age. The amount of body fat differs between girls and boys. CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend the use of Body Mass Index (BMI) to screen for overweight and obesity in children and teens aged 2 through 19 years. Although BMI is used to screen for overweight and obesity in children and teens, BMI is not a diagnostic tool. So, those who scored below 13 in BMI required clinical examination for prove the condition of severe thinness. Tables 4 a & b provide state averages of girls students participated in the TPFP test during the year 2008-09.
Table 4a: State Averages of Boys Students in TPFP Fitness Test (2009-10) 10 years Physical Fitness Area
11 years
12 years
Kerala 2009
Kerala 2008
Japa n
Kerala 2009
Kerala 2008
Japan
Kerala 2009
Kerala 2008
Japan
Sit-Ups (nos)
20.51
22.34
25.50
22.67
24.04
27.20
24.57
25.83
34.20
Sit & Reach (cm)
21.15
21.89
29.50
21.69
22.36
29.10
22.15
22.97
29.90
M. Pull-Ups (nos)
12.96
13.63
13.83
14.36
14.45
15.19
1 Mile Run (min:sec)
11.56
11:07
8:42
11.19
10:83
8:60
10.98
10:53
7:13
BMI
15.04
20.8
17.9
15.45
18.08
18.1
15.94
20.47
18.7
Height (m)
1.32
1.34
1.38
1.37
1.39
1.44
1.42
1.44
1.51
Weight (kg)
26.44
27.08
34.5
29.28
30.46
37.9
32.49
34.08
43.1
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Table 4b: State Averages of Boys Students in TPFP Fitness Test (2009-10) 13 years Physical Fitness Area
14 years
15 years
Kerala 2009
Kerala 2008
Japa n
Kerala 2009
Kerala 2008
Japan
Kerala 2009
Kerala 2008
Japan
Sit-Ups (nos)
26.53
27.7
38.10
28.44
28.82
38.30
29.43
28.67
38.90
Sit & Reach (cm)
22.73
23.82
30.05
23.79
24.59
33.10
24.8
25.01
31.80
M. Pull-Ups (nos)
15.19
16.31
16.49
17.19
17.61
17.74
1 Mile Run (min:sec)
10.82
10:26
8:25
10.7
11:00
8:14
10.63
11:02
BMI
16.49
19.03
19.01
17.08
18.54
19.70
17.61
20.29
Height (m)
1.48
1.50
1.58
1.55
1.55
1.64
1.59
1.58
Weight (kg)
36.58
38.54
48.30
41.17
42.30
53.40
44.97
44.97
US data from: NHANES 1999-2002 and Japan data from: National Nutrition Survey, Japan Figure 5 - Boys - Averages Sit-Ups (nos)
Sit & Reach (cm)
M. Pull-Ups (nos)
1 Mile Run (min:sec)
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
10 years
11 years
12 years
13 years
12
14 years
15 years
Japan
Kerala '08
Kerala '09
Japan
Kerala '08
Kerala '09
Japan
Kerala '08
Kerala '09
Japan
Kerala '08
Kerala '09
Japan
Kerala '08
Kerala '09
Japan
Kerala '08
Kerala '09
0
7:54
The state wide averages on physical fitness of boys students shows that, around 65 percent boys age group 10, 11 and 12 years meeting recommended criteria equal to grade D standard. In the case of boys’ age group 13, 14 and 15, the averages are not meeting required healthy zone standard recommended for the respective age groups in abdominal strength, flexibility and cardio respiratory endurance. Which means that, the said age groups are not acquired the desired level according to their age. When compare to girls group, boys shows increase in the performance in abdominal strength, flexibility but In the case of cardio respiratory endurance, the performance age group 14 and 15 is below than the age group of 13. This very clearly indicate the lack or decreasing level of physical activity when they reaching to the higher classes. When compare with national averages of Japan, very wide difference has been seen in all the fitness variables. The performance of boys and girls on the test to measure the upper body strength shows that (21.35% boys and 29.57% girls) overall 25 percentage students only failed to meet the recommended criteria on upper body strength test. This test results are contrary to the results obtained in abdominal and flexibility tests. The five selected components of the health related physical fitness variables are interrelated and dependant to each other. Under the circumstances, the results of this test items are under suspicion. To conduct of the modified pull up test required specific equipment, the details of the equipment has been given in the test manual and the videos provided to all schools also clearly shows the procedure should be adopted for conduct of this test. The faulty or nonstandard equipment will definitely influence the results. The height of bar should be adjusted according the extended hand length of the students and keeping the body in straight position and hand should be made straight In each pull-up and the heel of foot only in contact with ground. A primary survey done on this matter, reveal that, 95% of the schools are not acquired the equipment suggested in the handbook. Moreover, many testers are not particular in the instructions given regarding conduct of the test Item. It seems that action may take to ensure the availability of the equipment in each school and instructions to follow the correct procedure while conduct of the test item. The above table shows that, the cardio respiratory endurance of the girls’ students. Data reveals that the percentage of students are not meeting the required criteria on one mile run is increasing by age. The percentage of students not meeting the recommended standard was only 36.15 percentages in age group 10, which were reaching up to the alarming level of 49.81 in the case of age group of 15 year girls. These figures once again remind the need of introducing physical activity programs for the high school girls’ students. The percentage of students not meeting the recommended standard was only 27.65 percentages in age group 10, which were reaching up to the alarming level of43.67 in the case of age group of 15 year boys. The boys’ data on cardio respiratory endurance also shows that, percentage of students failed to meet the recommended standard on one mile test is increasing by age. This figures once again remind as decreasing level of physical activity when they reaching to the higher standards for our total students population.
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Figure 6
BMI Range of Male Students in Kerala 2009 Severe Thinnes -BMI 18.50 & 13&25 &
