Reward-based Influences on Attentional Orienting in ...

2 downloads 0 Views 307KB Size Report
neglect? 2) Is the effect of reward long-lasting? Purpose. Method & Results. Effect of Reward ... participants and patients with hemispatial neglect. Psychological ...
0

10

ed .F Right

Pre-Reward Baseline

P

2Kiss,

e

Driver, & Eimer (2009). Reward priority of visual target singletons modulates ERP signatures of attentional selection. Psychological Science, 20, 245-251.

st

Sigurjonsdottir, & Driver, J. (2010). Fortune and reversals of fortune in visual search: Reward contingencies for pop-out targets affect search efficiency and target repetition effects. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 72, 12291236.

Po

3Kristjansson,

Condition

265.

5Snow,

J. (2004). Neuronal representations of cognitive state: reward or attention? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8, 261-

00

Post

4Maunsell,

J., & Mattingley, J. (2006). Stimulus- and goal-driven biases of selective attention following unilateral brain damage: Implications for rehabilitation of spatial neglect and extinction. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 24, 233–245. 6Geng,

10

ot e Reward

pr

1000

C s.

er

J., & Pessoa, L. (2007). Motivation Sharpens Exogenous Spatial Attention. Emotion, 7, 668-674.

= 1114ms*

3000

00

References

ed

Long-lasting? Yes, sustained!

ct

5000

pr ot

ht

ig

00

10 .F

1Engelmann,

7000

d.

• Might benefit from a reward-based rehabilitation tool.

Effect of training? No. = 2898ms*

te

op

C er s.

st

Po

• Improve their attentional orienting to the left side with reward training, thus reducing neglect (at least in the short-term),

ot Reaction time (ms)

9000

yr

Po

00

10 .F

ec

Top

ht

Reward Post Condition

• Are sensitive to reward structure,

pr

ht

yr ig

op

= 1299ms*

• However, there are carry-over effects for both the left side in the highly rewarded feature condition and for the highly rewarded location condition in both top-down and bottom up orienting.

These findings demonstrate that patients with neglect:

Is there an effect of location reward and is it long lasting?

11000

ec

ht yr ig

• Neither color nor shape, in either top-down or bottom-up orienting, receive a long-lasting benefit of reward.

= 2560ms* (Neglect)

te d

Reaction time (ms)

Right

.C

4000

rs

Reward Post Condition

6000

te

4000

Reaction time (ms)

6000

8000

= 1713ms*

After training (i.e., reward structure removed):

Post

st er

Reward

s.

1500

d.

C

= 1238ms*

10000

C op

3000

Left

Long-lasting? Yes, sustained! Effect of training? Yes!

pr

s.

Po

0

00

4500

3000

Faster RT for left side when color was rewarded and for highly rewarded left side in both bottom- up and top-down.

• C.P. is sensitive to reward manipulation in top-down and bottom-up orienting for both locations and features.

= 2502ms*

5000

--

During reward training:

= 2439ms*

7000

--

Conclusions

Long-lasting? Yes, sustained!

9000

Location

--

Faster RT for bottom-up highly rewarded color and left side.

er

st

Effect of training? Yes!

6000

1000

12000

--

Faster RT for top-down left side when color was the focus of reward.

Right

te

6000

Top

Feature

ot

Top

0

ro t tp ig h

yr op C

1500

Location

Bottom-up Top-down Color Left Shape Left

F1

ec t

op Reaction time (ms)

3000

Condition

ec

8000

What is the consequence of reward for neglect?

er

st

Effect of training? No.

= 3959ms*

00

0

= 3527ms* (Neglect)

Pre-Reward Baseline

Long-lasting? No.

Po

Reaction time (ms)

F1 d.

4500

11000

pr ot

10000

Left

s.

F1 0

= 3858ms* (Neglect)

Location Reward (Left)

ht

Triangle

Is there an effect of color reward and is it long lasting?

ed .

ht p

1500

Pre-Reward Baseline

ct

rs .C

3500

4000

op

00

Reaction time (ms)

6000

Circle

te

Po st e

F1

= 1220ms*

yr ig

Reaction time (ms)

Split by Location

8000

8000

Yes, sustained!

12000

10000

10000

6000

7500

5500

Bottom-up Top-down Color Left Shape Left

Is there an effect of location reward and is it long lasting?

d.

7500

Long-lasting Effects

Feature

Pre-Reward Baseline

= 4347ms* Long-lasting?

Feature Reward (Shape) = 1513ms*

12000

7500

Top-Down Search

4000

• Find shape as determined by color (yellow = circle, blue = triangle). • Target location: 33% at each. • Reward: 85% high (+10) to highly rewarded shape or location. • Response: top or bottom notch.

ht pr o

pr

op yr .C rs

Po

st e

d.

ct e

• Find pop-out color. • Target location: 33% at each. • Reward: 85% high (+10) to highly rewarded color or location. • Response: top or bottom notch.

Location Reward (Left)

Left

Effect of reward? No.

Reward Post Condition

12000

Bottom-up

ig

= 19ms

9500

ig

Po

Task

Right

Reaction time (ms)

4000

No, transient.

2500

Top

What is the consequence of reward for neglect?

ec te

= 837ms* Long-lasting?

3000

1500

Reward Post Condition

2) Is the effect of reward long-lasting?

00

4500

3500

3500

Summary

Effect of Reward

Pre-Reward Baseline

ot

Reaction time (ms)

st

1) Does reward guide attention in patients with neglect?

F1 0

5000

5500

Left

ht

op

C

er s.

Purpose

yr

Red

Effect of reward? Yes!

= 4910ms* (Neglect)

F1

Green

7500

00

2500

Reaction time (ms)

ro t

3000

9500

0

ec 3500

tp

yr ig h

te

Po s

Split by Location

Is there an effect of color reward and is it long lasting?

• What we don’t know is whether neglect precludes sensitivity to reward based attentional guidance.

Reaction time (ms)

4000

• Patients are sensitive to implicit target contingencies in search.6

• 86 Controls • Patient C.P. with severe neglect

yr ig

Po s 4500

= -280ms

Pre-Reward Baseline

• Current treatments are neither effective nor long-lasting.

Participants

Feature Reward (Color)

te

yr

rs .C op

• Neglect is a neurological disorder, characterized by a deficit of attention to the left side, most often accompanied by damage to the right parietal lobe.

Top-down

Bottom-Up Search

5000

Reaction time (ms)

• The mechanism of selection is flexible, accurate, and efficient at incorporating these various influences for the purpose of attentional guidance.

Visuo-spatial Neglect

Method & Results

00 F1

selection.1, 2, 3, 4, 5

d.

• Reward, goals, and motivation affect attentional

Leslie Drummond & Sarah Shomstein George Washington University

0

ig ht pr ot ec t Introduction

te

r

te rs

ed .F

yr ig h

Reward-based Influences on Attentional Orienting in Patients with Visuo-spatial Neglect

J., & Behrmann, M. (2002). Probability cueing of target location facilitates visual search implicitly in normal participants and patients with hemispatial neglect. Psychological Science, 13(6), 520-525.