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The Impact of Future Autonomous Connected Car Technology On The Driving Experience 5pm, October 28, 2013 Trans Ovation ARBTA Conference San Jose , CA Tech Museum of Innovation

Roger D. Melen Toyota ITC, 465 Bernardo Avenue Mountain View California [email protected]

Experimental Advanced Safety Research Vehicle

What is an Autonomous Car?

New Yorker, July 8&15, 2013, pg. 67

• The exact definition of autonomous will vary greatly with each specific new car design. • Generally meaning: a car capable of providing significant independent driving assistance - advanced roadway imaging systems for detecting other vehicles, bicyclists and pedestrians - wireless vehicle communications to the cloud - networks of powerful intelligent computers - new visual, speech, and tactile electromechanical human interfaces

New Connected Automation Technology Impact: New Freedom in Driving • • • • •

Cooperative Driving Will be Achieved With The Cooperative Sharing of The Driving Burden Vehicle Recommendations and Controls Will Improve Driver Performance Driver Group Synchronization Will Enable New Efficiencies, and Reduce Pollution Transportation Infrastructure Coordination Will Maximize Flow and Reduce Traffic & Waste Driver Monitoring Enhanced Response Will Improve Vehicle Performance and Experiences

CLOUD

The Research Challenges are Daunting and Some Will Require Time To Resolve More Joy

Greater Passenger and Pedestrian Safety

Latency

Frequency Bands Differential GPS Roadway Occlusions GPS Accuracy Wireless

V2V technology

Bandwidth

Future Autonomous Connected Vehicle

LIDAR uncertainty during foul weather conditions

Driver Cognitive State

New Roadway Markers Algorithms

Reduced Stress

Internet Communication Protocol & Modulation Methods

Fiducial Reference Position Wireless Roadway Markers

Less Fuel and Pollution

Blindness and Uncertainty is Common in The Establishing The Significance of Emerging Intermediate Research Data

Uncertain Legal Work Liability During Commute Smoother Traffic Flow More Free Time

Proper Driving Speed

The Future Autonomous Car Will Need to Ultimately Support And Enhance All Kinds of Future Driving Experiences In All Kinds of Weather

Cloud Rural Dirt

Downtown Urban On Board Vehicle Wireless Big Data

Rural Paved Urban Arterial Suburban

Rural Highway

Fully Autonomous Vehicles Without Human Drivers May Need New Kinds of Technologies Such As Wireless Aware Roadway Markers and New Types of Differential GPS For Precise Roadway Navigation

Driver’s Perceptions and Trust of Autonomous Assisted Driving Benefits Will Be Key To Perceived Value, Acceptance, and Adoption

Great Early Benefits In Safety May Occur For The Elderly and Impaired

Level 2 “Hands & Brain” on the wheel

Level 3 “Hands & Brain” briefly off the wheel

Level 4 Totally Driverless (Farthest in the Future)

Ease of Driving

Data Searching, Texting, Map Checking

Improved Safety & Lower insurance, cost

Improved Safety

Checking Email

No need for driving skills to use

Improved Traffic Flow

Texting

Work in car

Faster Journeys & Faster Driving

Facebook Page

Fewer Traffic Accidents

Compensation for Driver Aging Limitations

Internet Shopping

Automated taxicabs and delivery vehicles

Greater Joy of Driving

Playing videogames?

Playing videogames

Faster Journeys & Driving

Driver Sleeping in Car?

Driver Sleeping in Car

References for further reading: 1. Steve Schladover “How Vehicular Networking Can Enable Automated Driving”, IEEE VNC Amsterdam, Nov. 2011 http://www.ieee-vnc.org/2011/talks/Shladover.pdf 2. Steve Schladover, “Vehicle Automation: History, Myths and Reality. August 2013, http://files.meetup.com/7367342/Automation4NissanSiliconValley%20%20Copy%20of%20last%20night%27s%20presentati.pdf 3. ITS Japan, “Proposal of Future Creation through ITS”, October 2013, http://www.its-jp.org/document/20131017/ITS-future-vision_e_131010.pdf 4. NHTSA, “Visual-Manual NHTSA Driver Distraction Guidelines For In-Vehicle Electronic Devices “, Informal document WP.29-160-34 (160th WP.29, 25-28 June 2013, agenda item 2.3) 5. Nidhi Kalra, James Anderson, Martin Wachs, „Liability and Regulation of Autonomous Vehicle Technologies” California PATH Research Report UCB-ITS-PRR-2009-28 6. Eno Center For Transportation , “Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles”, October 2013,32pgs. https://www.enotrans.org/wp-content/uploads/wpsc/downloadables/AV-paper.pdf 7. Paul Green, “Estimating Compliance With The 15-second Rule For Driver-interface Usability And Safety”, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 43rd Annual Meeting-1999 www.umich.edu/~driving/publications/HFES-Green1999.pdf‎

Download slides: : http://www.us.toyota-itc.com/publications/ Email: [email protected] Toyota ITC, Mountain View, CA