Spatial Planning Key decision 'Room for the River'. (SPKD) 2001-2006. ~ Design and construction phase 2006-2015. ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners 1999 - ...
Room for the River project examples Robert Slomp Rijkswaterstaat RIZA 37. IWASA
Aachen
Contents ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
some characteristics of the Netherlands history / the flood of 1995 the issues and goals flood control policy Spatial Planning Key decision ‘Room for the River’ (SPKD) 2001-2006 ~ Design and construction phase 2006-2015 ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners 1999 -2007 ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte
Netherlands
Catchment area of rivers Rhine and Maas / Meuse
Germany
Discharge at Lobith and Borgharen (border with Germany & Belgium): average: 2,200 m3/s /200 m3/s to: 12,000 m3/s / 3300 m3/s Design discharge (1/1250 per year): 16,000 m3/s / 3800 m3/s
France Switzerland
Flood prone areas in the Netherlands
North Sea
Netherlands
~inhabitants 10 million Netherlands • total surface area 36,000 km2 • inhabitants 16 million
Germany Belgium
Maas and Rhine branches in the Netherlands
IJssel delta
Vecht
IJssel Lek and Lower Rhine Rhine and Maas Estuary
Waal --------- - - - - Maaswerken Meuse/Maas-- - - - - Project -------- - - - - -
Waal
flood plain dike Room for the Rhine branches
navigation channel
groyne
embankment R3294 E000418n
Contents ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
some characteristics of the Netherlands history / the flood of 1995 the problem flood control policy The Spatial Planning Key decision ‘Room for the River’ (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners 1999 -2007 ~ Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard
Deltaplan for the Coast Delay for the rivers ~ After the coastal flood of 1953 (1835 casualties) new safety standards were introduced based on risk analysis The protection of the coastal area was improved with dams, storm surge barriers and dike reinforcement. Also the river dikes had to be improved ~ Delay in River Dike Reinforcements after ±1965 till 1996
Floods in ‘93 en ‘95
The 1995 flood Facts: ~ in January high water levels on the rivers Rhine and Maas/Meuse ~ evacuation of 250 000 inhabitants ~ estimated damage: 200 million Euros (mainly along Meuse)
Result: In April 1995 acceptation of the Deltaplan Large Rivers by Parliament
Deltaplan Large Rivers (DGR) Goals for 1996: all dikes with a risk higher than 1/100 per year must be improved new dikes for the Meuse river 1/50 Goals for later ~ all other dikes must be ready in 2000 ~ the deepening and widening of the river Meuse must be ready in 2005
2000 ~Dike reconstruction of the Deltaplan is completed ~Design discharges 15000 m3/s and 3650 m3/s ~2000-2007 Two projects remained (estuaries) ~IJsseldelta, city of Kampen 2002 ~Lek, Schoonhoven- Everdingen- 2007
What is the main issue? 1. Safety against extreme floods ~ In 2001: Higher Design Discharges Rhine -> 16000 m3/s (+ 1000 m3/s) Maas -> 3800 m3/s ( + 150 m3/s) In 2006 Maas -> 4000 m3/s (on average a 30 cm increase in water level) ~ Climate change Discharge (height and duration) Sea level rise -> in 2100 + 60 cm Wind climate (duration, speed & direction)
~ Dike reinforcement will become more and more of a problem (raising the crest levels of the dikes)
Potential Increase of the Water level Long term (2100) Discharges Rhine 18.000 m3/s Meuse 4600 m3/s Sea level rise 0.60 cm
Sea level rise works twice => extra sedimentation
What is the problem?; 2. Improvement of overall environmental conditions ~ Competitive
spatial requirements in the flood plain (urban and recreational pressure versus safety) ~ Decreasing quality of the landscape ~ Wish for new nature along the rivers ~ Improvement of the waterfront (cities) ~ Water recreation ~…………..
Contents
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
some characteristics of the Netherlands history / the flood of 1995 the problem flood control policy The Spatial Planning Key decision ‘Room for the River’ (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners 1999 -2007 ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte
In time less space for the river Arnhem 1830
Arnhem 2000
Decisions in 1998-2006 ~ Maintaining existing space / restriction of activities in the flood plain -> ~ Policy guidelines for the River in 2000 ~ When possible the old policy of dike reinforcements is abandoned in favour of ‘Room for the River” fore-runner projects (hydraulic constraints) 1998-2006 ~ Develop a plan to safely discharge 16000 m3/s and improve the overall environmental conditions -> Spatial Planning Key Decision (SPKD) in 2006 ~ Study the possibilities for damage control Government position paper in 2006
Contents
~ ~ ~ ~
some characteristics of the Netherlands history / the flood of 1995 flood control policy Spatial Planning Key decision ‘Room for the River’ (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners 1999 -2007 ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte
Integrated Approach
~ Involve all governmental levels * 5 Provinces * 16 Waterboards * 100 Municipalities ~ Consider all relevant aspects ~ Consider all possible measures ~ Use Policy Analysis as a tool ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners 1999 -2007 ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte
Possible Measures
3
5, 6
low water levelhigh water level
8
4
1 2
1 2 3 4
7
1
lowering of groynes 5 locally setting back dikes deepening low flow chann6 el setting back dikes on a large sc removing hydraulic obstac 7les detention reservoir lowering flood plains 8 reduction lateral inflow
Room for the Rhine branches
E000323c
Spatial Planning Key Decision ‚Room for the River‘ The document presents an integrated spatial plan with the main objectives of flood protection, physical planning and the improvement of overall environmental conditions. A package of about 40 projects to be completed before 2015, with a budget of 2.2 billion Euros. and: ~ a long-term vision à reservation of areas ~ a plan that fits into the international agreements, such as the action plan for the Rhine
Basic Package of flood protection works (2015)
Long-term vision Physical planning
Long-term vision (reservations)
conclusions on the key planning decision
Important aspects are: ~ awareness of the real problem ~ triggers like a flood (and floods in neighbouring countries) ~ open communication ~ co-operation between national and regional authorities
Tools for policy evaluation
Planning kit Risk Analysis kit Optimilization tool
Planning Kit
Risk analyses kit – WV21 blokkendoos Veiligheid What was the risk in 1950 1975 2000/2005 What will it be in 2015 (current measures) 2050 (spatial planning or/more protection measures, 2100 and climate change)
Optimisation tool – determining optimal safety levels per dike ring
Contents
~ ~ ~ ~
some characteristics of the Netherlands history / the flood of 1995 flood control policy Spatial Planning Key decision ‘Room for the River’ (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners 1999 -2007 ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte
Design and construction phase 2006-2015
~ 40 projects ~ Project implementation by ~ ~ ~ ~
Waterboards Provinces (Overdiepse Polder) Rijkswaterstaat (Noord waard) Cities (Bypass Lent)
Design and construction phase 2006-2015
Challenges - Staying in control: – budget – objectives – design water levels - spatial planning - improvement of overall environmental condition
Overall safety (often forgotten) - since it is not an official objective - Tools: through the renewal of the guidelines for dike improvement including river measures knowledge management in the project (many measures are interdependent)
Contents
~ ~ ~ ~
some characteristics of the Netherlands history / the flood of 1995 flood control policy Spatial Planning Key decision ‘Room for the River’ (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners 1999 –2006/7 ~ RvR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte
Dike relocation Bakenhof (Arnhem Zuid) No regret projects 19982006
Mixed projects DGR and RvR Maaswerken (Borgharen to Boxmeer) 2000-2015/2020 - 200 km of dikes/levees at a safely level of 1/50 per year brought to a level of 1/250 per year ( 40% floodplain closed off) - Room for the river measures in the remaining flood plain to make levees frequency 1/250 per year ( gravel excavation) - better river navigation Cost 700 million euros (paid for by gravel extraction) Beneficiaries 10 000 people
Mixed projects DGR and RvR Dike reinforcement 2000 - 2007 Lek dikes (frequency level 1/2000e per year) Lexmond to Fort Everdingen Room for the river measures in the flood plain ~ 30 km Costs € 16 million construction € 30 million total costs including planning and procurement of land
Everdingen dike reconstruction
Southern Lek dike reinforcement
Everdingen dike recontruction
125 ha nature development
Contents
~ ~ ~ ~
some characteristics of the Netherlands history / the flood of 1995 flood control policy Spatial Planning Key decision ‘Room for the River’ (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners 1999 -2007 ~ Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerholte
Overdiepse Polder de-poldering
Bergsche Maas Side channel
De-poldering of Overdiepsche Polder
Overdiepse Polder In the Estuary South shore: New dikes designed probabilisticly: - 100 years of climate change - 800 m3/s more discharge - 60 cm of sea level rise - Uncertainties in water levels and wind
Noordwaard Depoldering (In the Estuary)
Boven Merwede Bypass through a polder
De-poldering of the polders in the Biesbosch : Project Noordwaard ~ Very effective 60 cm drop in design water levels on the Boven Merwede and Beneden Merwede ~ Long term solution If design is correct
Westerwolte dike relocation and lowering of the Scheller en Olderneller flood plain IJssel river
Westerwolte dike relocation Design is based on the principle that future climate change will be accomodated through more room for the rivers. Estimation of future water levels are made using probabilistic models as a check
New Tools for Design MHW processor – for probabilistic dike design (estuaria) Hydra-models for dike assessment adapted for design Design table ->> combining mapping techniques and 2d modelling (upper river)
Danke
