Sale Trend of Tractors & Farm Power Availability in India

Vol. 35(2), 2011

Sale Trend of Tractors & Farm Power Availability in India S P Singh* (LM-10002), R S Singh (LM-10492) and Surendra Singh (F-143) Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi Bagh, Bhopal – 462 038

Downloaded From IP - 14.139.224.82 on dated 21-Jul-2014

www.IndianJournals.com

Members Copy, Not for Commercial Sale

ABSTRACT Mechanization has been well received in India as one of the important elements of modernization of agriculture. Tractor growth in the country in terms of production and sale was many folds. A tractor could be found after every 36 ha cultivated area in span of 60 year. Most common range of tractor is 31-40 hp. About 9% of tractor was exported every year and majority is of above 51 hp. Uttar Pradesh (UP) is the largest consumer of tractors (15.1% to 27% of sale in respective years) in decade (2000-2010) except Andhra Pradesh (14.44%) in year 2007-08. Current trend of sale of tractors also indicated that Uttar Pradesh is having the largest share of 21-30 & 31-40 hp range tractors and Punjab for 41-50 & above 51 hp range of tractors within the country. As far as sale of tractors within the state, Bihar is the largest consumer of 21-30 hp range of tractors, Orissa in 31 -40 hp, Jammu & Kashmir for 41-50 hp and Punjab for above 51 hp tractors. Maharashtra is the highest (65.1%) consumer of less than 20 hp tractors mostly for orchard farmers. During last 50 years the average farm power availability in India increased from about 0.30 kW/ha in 1960-61 to about 1.73 kW/ha in 2009-10. Over the years the shift has been towards the use of mechanical and electrical sources of power, While in 1960-61 about 92.30% farm power was coming from animate sources, in 2009-10 the contribution of animate sources of power reduced to about 13.15% and that of mechanical and electrical sources of power increased from 7.70% in 1960-61 to about 86.85% in 2009-10. Over the years the contribution of animate source of power, especially that of draught animals, has been going down drastically. This shows that the additional need of farm power is being met through mechanical and electrical sources of power. This trend is going to continue in future also. * DRWA- Sub-Centre Key Words: Tractor, farm power, mechanization INTRODUCTION

General of Technical Development in its industry monograph on agricultural machinery observed that the usage of a seed-cum fertilizer drill does not just conserve energy but also saves around 20% of seeds and also increases the yield by 15% through better placement and more effective utilization of fertilizers and seeds.

The productivity of farms depends greatly on the availability and judicious use of farm power by the farmers. Agricultural implements and machines enable the farmers to employ the power judiciously for production purposes. Agricultural machines increase productivity of land and labour by meeting timeliness of farm operations and increase work output per unit time. Besides its paramount contribution to the multiple cropping and diversification of agriculture, mechanization also enables efficient utilization of inputs such as seeds, fertilizers and irrigation water. The Technology Development Advisory Group Constituted by the Directorate

Mechanization in Indian agriculture started with the establishment of the Central Tractor Organization (CTO) mainly for land reclamation and development in mechanical cultivation. The production of irrigation pumps and diesel engines started during 1930s. The manufacture of tractors and power tillers started in 1960. Since then by the virtue of its inherent edge

25




Agricultural Engineering Today over the conventional means of farming, agricultural mechanization has been gaining popularity. The increased use of farm machines has found expression in the phenomenal expansion of cropped area and cropping intensity and the country’s agricultural production on all fronts. The shift has also helped in diversification of agriculture from conventional crops to commercial crops. The programmes of farm mechanization have resulted in adoption of farm machinery such as tractors, power tillers, combine harvesters, irrigation equipment, plant protection equipment, threshers, improved implements and hand tools. Tractor industry plays an important part as agriculture sector has a major contribution to India’s GDP (16%). Tractors are part of agricultural machinery industry. Tractors came to India through imports and later on were indigenously manufactured with the help of foreign collaborations. The manufacturing process started in 1961-62. Indian tractor industry is relatively young but now has become the largest market worldwide.

Table 1. The tractor production was only 880 units in 1961-62, which increased many fold (492 times) and reached at level of 433207 units in 2009-10 and registered a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 13.80 per cent during the period of 48 years. Similarly sale also increased to more than 113 times and reached to the tune of 440230 units in year 2009-10 with a CAGR of 10.36 per cent during the period. The trend of sale of tractors over the years indicates a rising acceptance of agricultural machines and equipment with the Indian farmers. The use of different types of farm machinery including hand tools, animal-drawn implements, seed drills and planters, threshers, plant protection equipment, diesel/electric pump sets, combine harvesters, etc has been accelerating over the past several years; as a result of which the total power available per unit area on farms has also increased. Tractor population reached to 3.915 million in 2009-10 as compared to the only 37000 units during the 1961-62. However, the country still lags behind in terms of the command net area sown by a tractor. During the year 1961-62 command net sown area by a tractor was 3600 ha that reduced to 36 ha during 2009-10. Presently, India not only lags behind the developed countries but also some of the developing countries of the world, especially a few of the neighboring ones. This tractor population was about 4.13% in comparison to 94.7 millions automobiles (car, bus, trucks, two wheelers, three wheelers and utility vehicles) of various shapes, sizes and styles (Anon., 2011).

Monsoon season is a key driver for sales of tractors. A series of good or bad monsoon affects the sales. The good growth in sale and exports of tractor also depend on the initiative of the government to boost up agriculture and agricultural machinery industry. The tractor penetration level in different parts of the country is not uniform due to many reasons. It is observed that net sown area in the country is about 140-141 million ha far last many decades while gross cropped area was 131.89 million ha in year 1950-51 which increased to 195.83 million ha during year 2007-08. Tractor has significant contribution in increasing the gross cropped area. This paper gives an insight into the tractor industry in India, top three tractor industries in sale, sale trends and export trends during a decade (200-01 to 2009-10). Paper also presents the population scenario and current trends about size of sold tractor of different make and models and power availability on Indian farms.

POWER TILLERS The production of power tillers started in 1961 with license to manufacture 12 models. The manufacturers started offering these to farmers in various states covering upland and wetland farming conditions. Their introduction coincided with that of agricultural tractors, which were more suitable for upland work and provided more comfortable work environment to the operators. The power tiller models being manufactured, and also those being imported from China, etc, and being marketed for wetland, stationary and haulage work are being well received by the farmers. The available models have a drawbar power between 5.3 kW to 10.7 kW. The year-wise sale of power tiller is given in Table 2.

STATUS OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION AND SALE OF TRACTOR From 1961-62 to 2009-10, there had been in general a rising trend in production and sale of different types of tractors in the country, which is evident from

26

Vol. 35(2), 2011 Table 1: Pattern of domestic production and sale of tractors in India Years

Production

Domestic Sale

Population

Availability (net sown area, ha/tractor)

1961-62

880

3877

37000

3600

1971-72

18109

37839

168000

958

1981-82

84101

77386

483000

290

1991-92

151759

150582

1192000

128

2001-02

219620

206050

2644468

53

2009-10

433207

440230

3915553

36

CAGR, %

13.80

10.36

10.20

-

(CAGR= Compound Annual Growth Rate)

EXPORT AND DOMESTIC SALE OF TRACTORS




Table 2: Year-wise Power Tillers sale in India.

Year

Power Tillers Sale (numbers)

2000-01

16018

2001-02

13563

2002-03

14613

2003-04

15665

2004-05

18985

2005-06

22303

2006-07

13375

2007-08

15000

2008-09

22000

2009-10

30000

Tractors are manufactured in the organized sector. Mahindra & Mahindra is the largest tractor producer in the country having a market share of more than 25%. Tractor export started with 4567 units (2.38% of total sale) from year 2003-04 and reached to the tune of 12.57% in year 2007-08 (Fig. 1). It has estimated that about 8 to 9% tractors were exported every year since 2004 onwards. The tractor sales show that their demand is region specific. Punjab, Haryana and western UP constituted the major tractor market. The share of eastern states, namely Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal and Assam had been consistently low at 7- 9% due to various socio-

Fig. 1: Export and domestic sale of tractors.

27

Agricultural Engineering Today economic, agro-climatic and other reasons. The credit availability to the farmers in this area might be another major reason for the slow growth in the eastern states.

sales in the country during 2009-10. The tractor penetration level in India is very low as compared to the world standards. Also the penetration levels are not uniform throughout the country. The medium horsepower category tractors (31-40 hp) are the most popular in the country and fastest growing segment. Punjab has the highest density of tractors in terms of gross cropped area. Bihar has receiving increasing trend during last 4-5 years in tractor sale. The sale of tractor was higher in those states having more net sown area (Table 3).

STATE-WISE SALE OF TRACTORS DURING LAST DECADE In recent years the industry has registered a good growth in sales, both domestic as well as exports. This is also partly because of the initiative of the government to boost up agriculture and agricultural machinery industry. Tractors sale was found sizeable in the States like Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Bihar and Haryana. These seven states together account for about 73% of the total tractor

Tractor sales in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh have been showing consistent growth since last ten years and it will further increase at a faster rate due to the fact that




Table 3: State wise geographical and net sown area, cropping intensity and tractor sale (2009-10).

States

Geographical area, 000 ha

Net area sown, 000 ha

Cropping Intensity, %

% of Tractor sale in 2009-10

Uttar Pradesh

24093

16417 (68.14%)

151.8

18.30

Andhra Pradesh

27507

10756 (39.10%)

126.1

8.63

Maharashtra

30771

17473 (56.78%)

129.7

8.49

Madhya Pradesh

30825

14687 (47.65%)

139.0

8.28

Rajasthan

34224

17096 (49.95%)

129.9

7.90

Bihar

9416

5665 (60.16%)

139.6

7.22

Haryana

4421

3594 (81.29)

179.7

7.12

Punjab

5036

4187 (83.13%)

188.0

7.11

Gujarat

19602

9747 (49.72%)

125.4

6.04

Karnataka

19179

10419 (54.32%)

123.7

5.92

Tamil Nadu

13006

5062 (38.92%)

114.9

3.92

Chhatisgarh

13519

4727 (34.97%)

121.6

2.53

West Bengal

8875

5296 (57.67%)

184.1

2.28

Orissa

15571

5624 (36.12%)

160.3

1.96

Jharakhand

7972

1536 (19.26%)

155.7

1.41

Assam

7844

2753 (35.10%)

139.4

0.89

Uttarakhand

5348

765 (14.31%)

164.8

0.58

Other states

19840

1694 (8.54%)

119.3

0.58

Jammu & Kashmir

22224

734 (3.30%)

154.5

0.40

Himachal Pradesh

5567

543 (9.75%)

179.0

0.30

Kerala

3886

2089 (53.76%)

132.2

0.14

328726

140861

139.0

100.00

All India

Note: Figures in parentheses indicates percent to the total geographical area.

28

Vol. 35(2), 2011 the farmers in this southern region have been adopting high value cash crops and latest crop production/ management practices (Table 4). Among all the States of the country top five states in sale of tractors during the last decade were Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan and Gujarat. These five states constituted 53.83% of total tractors sold in the decade. Uttar Pradesh ranked first being 18.87% of the total tractor sale so for as the individual state is concerned. The shares of other states were Madhya Pradesh (9.84%), Andhra Pradesh (9.26%), Rajasthan (8.89%) and Gujarat (6.98%) to the total tractors sale in the country.

A detailed summary of year wise sale of tractors in top five states during last five years (2005-06 to 2009-10) has been shown in Fig. 2, which reveals that Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra have maintained their status as top five states so for as the sale of tractors is concerned during the last five years. LEADING MANUFACTURERS OF TRACTORS An analysis regarding three leading manufacturers in top five leading States was also analysed which indicates that the TAFE, M & M, PTL, Escorts and Sonalika are the leading manufacturers those covered about 60-90 per cent of the total sale of




Table 4: State wise sale of tractors in different states during 2001-02 to 2009-10.

States

2000 -01

2001 -02

2002 -03

Uttar Pradesh

65253 48165 39724 38842 46326 44307 48184 39682 51513 73686

Madhya Pradesh

21901 29818 24344 29568 33733 23828 19378 18242 24306 33342

Andhra Pradesh

17520 12203

Rajasthan

14692 16228 10914 18241 23830 27949 34583 29456 25763 31822

Gujarat

11546

13700

8434

Maharashtra

14420

8586

4867

Punjab

11263

2003 -04

2004 -05

2005 -06

2006 -07

2007 -08

2008 -09

2009 -10

10626 16615 22448 35613 43758 38417 34730 10086 17078 23100 29651 25255 20179 24323 7112

11545

17173 26070 29815 25610 34186

20879 19626 15484 13906

11715

12052 16201 18062 20027 28608

Haryana

16560 13697

11504

11688

12408 14709 20385 23627 22573 28671

Karnataka

11261

8984

6512

8595

15560 25316 22455 17230 13835 23849

Bihar

17344 14028

13115

12235 14636

9946

11824

13104 17572 29050

Tamil Nadu

9931

6053

4896

6487

12470 18294 21880 16894 14609 15768

Orissa

4970

2622

3076

2933

4957

6683

7214

4993

5099

7909

West Bengal

3385

2510

2169

2001

3085

4337

5595

5354

6096

9186

Chhattisgarh

4939

7129

6570

8790

10192

Jharkhand

2349

2961

2897

3643

5676

1071

1271

1506

1135

1296

1178

1328

1115

1608

1345

2861

2479

1869

2321

Jammu & Kashmir

850

Uttarakhand Assam

540

571

499

493

385

771

1120

1296

1588

3583

Himachal Pradesh

395

577

652

521

512

758

1117

891

907

1201

Kerala

669

348

135

148

125

765

1848

493

374

582

Other states

7449

7263

12798 12100

1340

2418

1768

1522

1983

2315

4567

20076 28097 33766 43553

41142

37622

Exports Total

239565 206050 171657 191655 247531 292880 352781 346501 347010 440230

Source: John Deere Equipment Private Ltd., Pune.

29




Agricultural Engineering Today

Fig. 2: Tractor share in top five leading states during last five years (2005-06 to 2009-10).

tractors in the leading states (UP, Rajasthan, MP, Karnataka, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra) during the last five years (Table 5).

hp, 11.61% of above 51 hp and 0.75% less than 20 hp tractors. Sale trend of tractors less than 20 hp range revealed that the Maharashtra has highest share (65.1%) followed by Gujarat (19.8%), Karnataka (6.9%), Tamil Nadu (2.7%) and Madhya Pradesh (2.2%). State-wise sale of tractor was analysed for observing the current sale trend of different hp range of tractors through out the country and is depicted in Fig. 3. Of total sale of 21-30 hp range tractors in the country, Uttar Pradesh is having the largest share (36.2%) followed by Bihar (16.6%),

CURRENT TREND OF TRACTORS SALE Current trend of sale of Indian tractors indicated that about 9.3% tractors (< 20 hp, 21-30 hp, 41-50 hp and > 51 hp) are exported. Within the country, sale of different hp range of tractors indicates the highest share (46.2%) is of 31-40 hp tractors followed by 27.62% of 41-50 hp, 13.83% of 21-30

30

Vol. 35(2), 2011 Table 5: Leading tractor companies in leading states during last five years.

Year/ Leading States

Top Three Leading Tractor company

Share in total sale, %

2005-06 Uttar Pradesh

TAFE (26.72%)

M&M (23.30%)

PTL (14.11%)

64.13

Rajasthan

TAFE (42.14%)

M&M (23.95%)

Escorts (10.89%)

76.98

Karnataka

M&M (29.78%)

TAFE (23.81%)

PTL (10.78%)

64.37

Madhya Pradesh

TAFE (24.77%)

M&M (20.41%)

PTL (12.37%)

57.55

Gujarat

M&M (27.81%)

TAFE (25.08%)

PTL (14.57%)

67.46

Uttar Pradesh

TAFE (25.10%)

M&M (24.10%)

Escorts (19.77%)

68.97

Andhra Pradesh

M&M (42.86%)

TAFE (23.45%)

PTL (9.56%)

75.87

Rajasthan

TAFE (40.32%)

M&M (23.58%)

Escorts (14.84%)

78.74

Gujarat

M&M (26.39%)

TAFE (25.23%)

Sonalika (12.04%)

63.66

Maharashtra

M&M (38.36%)

2006-07

Sonalika (12.61%) Escorts (11.95%)

62.92




2007-08 Andhra Pradesh

M&M (42.63%)

TAFE (22.35%)

PTL (9.63%)

74.61

Uttar Pradesh

TAFE (26.62%)

Escorts (21.93%)

M&M (21.43%)

69.98

Maharashtra

M&M (35.82%)

Escorts (12.44%) Sonalika (10.22%) & PTL (12.44%)

Rajasthan

TAFE (42.17%)

M&M (25.24%)

Escorts (15.60%)

83.01

Gujarat

TAFE (27.60%)

M&M (25.20%)

Escorts (11.22%)

64.02

Uttar Pradesh

M&M (36.44%)

TAFE (23.60%)

Escorts (20.91%)

80.95

Andhra Pradesh

M&M (55.55%)

TAFE (19.82%)

JD (11.84%)

87.21

Rajasthan

TAFE (45.70%)

M&M (27.33%)

Escorts (15.29%)

88.32

Maharashtra

M&M (47.72%)

TAFE (10.74%)

Escorts (10.53%)

68.99

Madhya Pradesh

M&M (39.29%)

TAFE (21.98%)

Escorts (15.47%)

76.74

Uttar Pradesh

M&M (38.04%)

TAFE (24.18%)

Escorts (20.78%)

83.02

Andhra Pradesh

M&M (53.03%)

TAFE (22.69%)

JD (14.05%)

89.77

Maharashtra

M&M (48.20%)

JD (10.45%)

Escorts (9.77%)

68.42

Madhya Pradesh

M&M (37.37%)

TAFE (22.19%)

Escorts (16.10%)

75.66

Rajasthan

TAFE (47.85%)

M&M (26.98%)

Escorts (14.83%)

89.66

70.92

2008-09

2009-10

Haryana (11.3%), Madhya Pradesh (9.0%) and Gujarat (6.2%). In 31-40 hp range of tractors, again Uttar Pradesh ranked first (16.2%) followed by Madhya Pradesh (14.7%), Gujarat (10.5%), Rajasthan (9.9%) and Andhra Pradesh (9.3%). So for as the sale of higher hp (41-50 hp) was concerned, Punjab stand first (14.8%) followed by

Maharashtra (14.4%), Madhya Pradesh (12.5%), Uttar Pradesh (10.5%) and Haryana (9.9%). Sale of tractors of above 51 hp range was found highest again in Punjab (27.0%) followed by Uttar Pradesh (13.4%), Maharashtra (12.3%), Madhya Pradesh (8.7%) and Haryana (8.6%). This indicates the farmers’ inclination towards high range of power.

31




Agricultural Engineering Today

Fig. 3: Share of different range of tractors in different states during year 2010-11.

32

Vol. 35(2), 2011 Current trend of export of different range of tractors is shown in Fig. 4, which showed the demand of high hp range of tractors (above 51 hp) was maximum (56.4%) followed by 41-50 hp range (27.5%), 31-40 hp range (11%), 21-30 hp (4.8%) and less than 20 hp (0.3%) of the total tractors export. FARM POWER AVAILABILITY IN INDIA During 1960-61 to 2009-10, the growth rate in power is 3.75 per cent to reach 1.73 kW/ha (Table 6). In 1960-61 major contribution (92.30%) in farm power was from animate power (human + draught animal), where as in 2009-10 the major share was that of mechanical and electrical power (86.85%). Over the years the contribution of animate source of power,

Fig. 4: Current share of tractor’s export in different hp range.




Table 6: Status of farm power sources in India. Year

Agril Workers Draft Animals Tractors Power Tillers Diesel Engines Electric Motors Number Power Number Power Number Power Number Power Number Power Number Power (million) (million) (million) (million) (million) (million) (million) (million) (million) (million) (million) (million) (kW) (kW) (kW) (kW) (kW) (kW)

1960-61

131.10

5.8

80.4

30.6

0.037

1.00

1965-66

128.89

6.0

81.4

30.93 0.063

1.64

1970-71

125.70 6.21

82.6

31.39 0.168

1975-76

139.97 6.81

83.4

31.69 0.292

1980-81

148.0

7.46

73.4

1985-86

162.46 8.29

1990-91

0.230

1.298

0.200

0.74

0.0015 0.008

0.5

2.8

0.5

1.85

4.38

0.0096 0.054

1.7

9.52

1.6

5.92

7.62

0.0179

2.32

12.99

2.28

8.44

27.89 0.531 13.86 0.0162 0.091

2.88

16.13

3.35

12.39

72.6

27.59

5.4

30.24

4.33

16.02

185.30 9.17

70.9

26.94 1.192 31.11 0.0323 0.181

4.8

26.88

8.07

29.86

1995-96

200.46 9.95

65.2

24.77 1.739 45.38 0.0659 0.369

5.2

29.12

11.13

41.18

1999-00

206.19 10.6

60.0

22.8

2.369 61.83 0.1046 0.586

5.9

33.04

12.85

47.55

2000-01

213.83 10.7

60.3

22.9

2.531 66.06 0.1147 0.642

6.226

34.86

13.25

49.03

2001-02

234.09 10.9

59.3

22.5

2.643 68.98 0.1232 0.690

6.523

36.53 13.601 50.32

2002-03

235.26 11.1

58.4

22.2

2.736 71.41 0.1333 0.747

7.053

39.5

13.921 51.51

2003-04

236.44 11.2

57.5

21.8

2.855 74.52 0.1449 0.811

7.028

39.36

14.21

2004-05

237.62 11.4

56.5

21.5

2.992 78.09 0.1555 0.871

7.595

42.53 14.467 53.53

2005-06

238.81 11.47

55.8

21.2

3.153 82.29 0.1659 0.929

7.627

42.71

14.75

54.57

2006-07

240.00 11.63

54.9

20.86

3.37

87.96 0.1785 1.000

7.822

43.8

15.054

55.7

2007-08

241.00 11.7

54.0

20.52 3.553 92.73 0.1921 1.076

7.900

44.24

15.8

58.46

2008-09

242.21 12.10 53.32 20.26 3.689 96.28 0.2221 1.244

8.173

45.77 16.203 59.95

2009-10

243.42 12.17 52.65 20.01 3.915 102.18 0.2571 1.439

8.456

47.35 16.616 61.48

0.81

0

21.14 0.0196

0

0.1 0.11

Note: 1 Human = 0.05 kW, Draught animal = 0.38 kW, Tractor = 26.1 kW, Power tiller = 5.6 kW; Electric motor = 3.7 kW, Diesel engine = 5.6 kW Source: i) Anonymous (2003, 2007 a, b., 2010), Bector et al (2008), Singh et al (2009 & 2010).

33

52.58

Agricultural Engineering Today especially that of draught animals, has been going down drastically. This shows that the additional need of farm power is being met through mechanical and electrical sources of power. This trend is going to continue in future also.

from animate sources, in 2009-10 the contribution of animate sources of power reduced to about 13.15% and that of mechanical and electrical sources of power increased from 7.70% in 196061 to about 86.85%. As per estimate for current tractor financial year of 2009-10, 36 ha area is available per tractor. Over the years the contribution of animate source of power, especially that of draught animals, has been going down drastically. This shows that the additional need of farm power is being met through mechanical and electrical sources of power. Usage of tractors needs to increase for farm operations. This trend is going to continue in future also.




CROPPING INTENSITY AND POWER AVAILABILITY SCENARIO ON INDIAN FARMS It is apparent from Table 7 that the cropping intensity is increasing with increase in per unit power availability. It was 120 per cent with power availability of 0.48 kW/ha during 1975-76 that increased to 139 per cent with increase in power availability of 1.73 kW/ha in 2009-10. Net sown area per tractor shows the reverse trend during the same period, which was 487 ha/tractor in 1975-76 reduced to 36 ha/ tractor in 2009-10. The power availability per unit production was increasing from 0.51 kW/t to about 0.96 kW/t during this year. There may be many reasons including rainfall, variety, timely use of tractors, electricity availability etc in decreasing the food grain production. Usage of tractors needs to be increased in various farm operations from seed bed to harvesting & threshing.

REFERENCES Anonymous. 2003. Livestock Census Report (2003), Dept. of Livestock & Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India. Anonymous. 2007 a. Data Book – 2007. Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi. Anonymous. 2007 b. Proceedings of 20th National Convention of Agricultural Engineers and National Seminar on Farm Mechanization for Diversification of Agriculture, Jan. 19-20, 2007, Department of Farm Power & Machinery, PAU Ludhiana. Anonymous. 2010. Agricultural statistics at a glance 2010. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, GOI, New Delhi. Web site

CONCLUSIONS During last 50 years the average farm power availability in India has increased from about 0.30 kW/ha in 1960-61 to about 1.73 kW/ha in 2009-10. Over the years the shift has been towards the use of mechanical and electrical sources of power, While in 1960-61 about 92.30% farm power was coming

Table 7: Cropping intensity and power availability on Indian farms.

Year

Cropping intensity (%)

Food grain Power available productivity(t/ha) (kW/ha)

Power per unit production(kW/t)

Net sown area per tractor(ha)

1975-76

120

0.944

0.48

0.51

487

1985-86

127

1.175

0.73

0.62

174

1995-96

130

1.491

1.05

0.70

84

2004-05

135.7

1.652

1.47

0.89

47

2005-06

136.4

1.715

1.51

0.88

45

2006-07

138.1

1.756

1.58

0.9

42

2007-08

139.0

1.860

1.62

0.87

40

2008-09

139.02*

1.909

1.67

0.87

38

2009-10

139.22*

1.798

1.73

0.96

36

* Estimated

34

Vol. 35(2), 2011 http://dacnet.nic.in/eands/latest_2006.htm on 25.1.11 at 10.50 a.m.

Sale of tractors of different make in India. Agricultural Engineering Today, 33 (3), 20-37.

Anonymous. 2011. htbusiness. Hindustan Times, 15 Feb.

Singh Surendra, Singh R S and Singh S P. 2010. Farm power availability and agriculture production in India. Agricultural Engineering Today, 34 (1), 920.

Bector V, Singh Surendra, Sharda, A and Bansal, A. 2008. Status & recent trends of tractor power in Indian Agriculture. Agricultural Engineering Today, 32(1): 16-26.

Singh S P, Singh R S and Singh Surendra. 2009. Tractor production and sales in India. Agricultural Engineering Today, 33 (1), 20-32.




Singh R S, Singh S P and Singh Surendra. 2009.

35