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Volume 53, Issue 1, May 1973, Pages 24‒39
5th Georgian Bay International Conference on Bioinorganic Chemistry (ICanBIC-5) 19–23 May 2015 Parry Sound, Canada Analyzing Risk: Principles, Concepts, and Applications
Satellite bacteriophage P4: Characterization of mutants in two essential genes Warren Gibbsa, b, Richard Neal Goldsteina, b, Roberta Wienera, b, Björn Lindqvista, b, 1, Richard Calendara, b Accepted 17 January 1973, Available online 24 February 2004
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doi:10.1016/0042-6822(73)90462-5
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Abstract P4 is a helper-dependent bacteriophage which can use the late gene products of temperate phage P2 to encapsulate P4 DNA (Six, 1963; Six and Lindqvist, 1970; Gibbs, 1972; Six and Klug, 1973). P4 phage heads (d = 450 Å) contain only one-third the volume of P2 phage heads (d = 620 Å; Inman et al., 1971), and heads of the P4 size are not detected during a normal P2 infection (D. Walker, personal communication). Thus P4 directs the formation of 450 Å phage heads. P4 causes P2 prophage late genes to be expressed in the presence of immunity (Six and Klug, 1973), and without excision or replication of the prophage genome (Six and Lindqvist, 1971). In the absence of a helper, P4 DNA can replicate (Lindqvist and Six, 1971). We have isolated and characterized mutants in two essential P4 genes. P4 gene A mutants are unable to synthesize P4 DNA, but they retain the ability to transactivate2 P2 prophage genes under nonpermissive conditions. Thus the A gene product may participate directly in the process of P4 DNA replication. P2lysogenic, nonpermissive cells infected with P4 gene A mutants synthesize empty phage heads, 80% of which are intermediate in size between P4 heads and P2 heads. Heads of this intermediate size are also formed in small quantity during a normal P2 infection. The inability of P4 gene A mutants to synthesize P4size heads may be due to a lack of replicating DNA or to lack of a size-directing protein. P4 gene B is defined by one temperature-sensitive mutation which is partially dominant to P4 wild type at 42 . At the nonpermissive temperature this mutant can synthesize P4 DNA and cause a P2 prophage to be transcribed, but cannot cause the formation of head-like particles. Unlike P4 wild type, this mutant kills nonlysogenic cells at 42 , and greatly depresses the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. 1
Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa Medical Center, Iowa City 52240.
2
Thomas (1970) used the term transactivation to describe the induction of gene expression from a λ prophage by a superinfecting heteroimmune phage.
Copyright © 1973 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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Satellite bacteriophage P4: Characterization of mutants in two essential genes
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