Vesalius and Boerhaave, he has written Primum ... Before and After Socrates -
The First Science of ... sponds with the original intention of the writer and should.
BENJAMIN FARRINGTON
Greek Science jones and Donafdsan
A survey of Benjamin Farr,ington was born in Cork, Eire, in 1891. Educated at University College, Cork, and Trinity College, Dublin, he has held posts in the Universities of Belfast, Cape Town (for fifteen years), Bristol, and since 1936, Wales, where he is now Professor of Classics at University College, Swansea. Besides translatil'g from the Latin and editing early accounts of South African native peoples and portions of the medical writings of Vesalius and Boerhaave, he has written Primum Graius Homo, ~amuel Butler and the Odyssey, Science in Antiquity, The Civilization of Greece and Rome, Science alld Politics in the Ancient World, Head and Hand in Ancient Greece, and Francis Bacon: Philosopher of Industria) Science.
,I scientific thought from 600 B.C. to the time of Ptolemy and Galen, when the foundations of much of modern science were laid
Part
On~
first
publish~d
N~w ~dition
CONTENTS
1944
'949
Part TtllO first publish~d '949 T h~ two parts first published as lm~ volum~ '953
INTRODUCTION
7
CHIEF PERIODS AND SCHOOLS
9
PART ONE FOREWORD
II
CHAPTER I
13
The Debt of Greek Science to the Older Civilizations of tile Near East - Technology and Science
To my friend DR MIG N ON B. ALEXANDER
33
CHAPTER II
The Chief Periods of Greek Science - The Ionian Dawn - Tile Milesian Scllool and Heraclitus - The Influence of Tec!lniques
42-
CHAPTER III
pythag4ras - Tile Religious Tradition in Greek Pllilosoplly - Tile Matllematical Universe
53
CHAPTER IV
Parmenides and tile Attack on Observational Science - Empedocles and Anaxagoras to the Rescue - The A toms of Democritus
66
.CHAPTER V
Hippocratic Medicine - The Cook and the Doctor Th~ Emergence of the Idea of Positive Science Science in the Service of Mankind - Limitations of Hippocratic Medicine
Made and printed in Great Britain for P~nguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth, Middles~r by Northumberland Pr~!! Ltd, Gateshead on Tyne
79
CHAPTER VI
\
Before and After Socrates - The First Science of Society -' The Sopllists - The Socratic Revolution in Thought
·LJ~.
CHAPTER VII
':
Plato - The Platonic Attitude to Natural' Philosophy':' Theological Astronomy - The Eye of the Soul and the Eye of the body - Philosophy and Techniques CHAPTER VIII
INTRODUCTION TO THE EDITION OF
Aristotle CHAPTER IX
Resume and Conclusion PART TWO FOREWORD
149
CHAPTER I
155
The Academy after Plato - The Lyceum after Aristotle - T heophrastus and the criticism of teleology - Strato and experimental research - Chemistry _ Mechanics - Music CHAPTER II
194
History and organization of the Museum - Planned religion and planned science - Engineers - Doctors - Mathematicians - Astronomers - Geographers Astronomy again - The organization of learning Grammar CHAPTER III !i'
The Graeco-Roman Age - Bilingual culture: The Grammarian, the Encyclopaedist, the Translator _ Cicero /2nd Lucretius - Vitruvius, Frontinus, Celsus, Pliny - Geminus, Stt"abo, Ptolemy, Galen CHAPTER IV
Resume and Conclusion - Achievement and limitations of ancient science - The debt of modern to ancient science INDEX
which appeared in two successive volumes in l "1' ~" 1944 and 1949, is here reprinted as a single book. This corresponds with the original intention of the writer and should facilitate the comprehension of the book. The new edition provides also an opportunity to bring the book up to date. Know" '.. iedge of the subject continues to advance, and this is reflected not only in the bibliographical indications but also, it is hoped. 'in the text, where I have been allowed to introduce desirable
18 GREEK SCIENCE' hadpteviouslyexisted and remained unrivalled lihtilmodern' , times. But in comparing the achievement of the Greeks with that of their predecessors it 'would be well not to describe as a difference of kind what is, after all, only a difference of,;' degree; nor should we describe as a miracle what is no more' than a brilliant phase in a connected historical development.:~", c
TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
So far we have been principally concerned with the theoretical side of science. But it is necessary also to regard' science from its more practical side. L_.G.:.~
