25. 30. Gram positive. Gramnegative. BC BS SA SE ML EN EC ST. SP PS KP SM. Anisomeles heyneana. Root. 2. -. 8. 4. -. 8. -. 4. -. 4. 2. 4. Lantana camara. Leaf.
Screening of selected Aromatic plants belonging to Labiateae and Verbenaceae for their antimicobial activity Patel Naynika, Rajkumar S. Yadav, Purvesh B. Bharvad and J.S.S.Mohan* Department of Biosciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar,Gujarat. Abstract : The present study aimed that 19 plant species belonging to Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae families were screened for their antimicrobial activity. The crude extracts of root, stem, leaf, inflorescence and whole plant were prepared in n-Hexane, Ethyl acetate, Methanol and D/W and tested against six gram positive and six gram negative bacteria by agar well diffusion method and the zone of inhibition was measured. The MIC value was examined by the two fold serial broth dilution method. The results showed that Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis were found to be most susceptible organism. The n-hexane crude extracts inhibited the growth of Klebsiella pneumonia (91.17%), Bacillus cereus and Serratia marcescens (88.23%), ethylacetate extract Enterococcus faecalis (85.29%), Bacillus cereus (82.35%) while methanolic extract found to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus (76.47%). Least to no activity was found in D/W extract. Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus were found to most resistant organism for all tested crude plant extracts. The MIC values were observed in the range g of >8 mg/ml g to 0.25 mg/ml g of selected crude plant p extracts against g tested organisms. g Thin layer y chromatography g p y and TLC-bioautography g p y of certain active extracts demonstrated the presence of common phytochemical compound in plant extracts. The results obtained in present study suggested that these plant extracts can be a source of active principle for antibacterial activity.
Introduction :
Table.3:Minimum inhibitory concentration of effective n-Hexane plant extracts of selected plant species
Fig.1: Antibacterial activity of the crude n-Hexane extracts of selected plant species
Plant name Part used
Fig.4:Antimicrobial g assay y H
EA
H
EA
25 20
KP
PS
15 10 5
W
M 0 BC
BS
SA
SE
ML
EN
EC
ST
SP
PS
KP
M
Lavendula bipinnata inflorescence
SM
H
Microorganism
W
Anisomeles heyneana Root
EA H
Anisomeles hyneaneRoot
Lantana camara Leaf
Lavendula bipinnata Inflorescence
Lavendula bipinnata Leaf
Ocimum sanctum leaf
Pogostemon purpurascens Inflorescence
EA
Plant name 1 Anisomeles indica (L). 2 Anisomeles heyneana Bth
Family
Labiatae
Types of Microorganism strains microorganism
Leaves,stem, Rajpipla inflorescence, root
Gram positive
Leaves,stem, Rajpipla i fl inflorescence
4 Leucas aspera Spr. 5 Leucas stelligera Wall.
Whole plant Whole plant
Rajpipla Rajpipla
6 Leucas martinicensis (Jacob.) R.Br 7 Moschosma polystachyum (L.)Bth. 8 Ocimum sanctum L
Whole plant Leaves,stem Leaves,
Rajpipla Rajpipla Vallabh vidyanagar
9 Ocimum canum Sims.
Leaves,stem, Anand inflorescence Agriculture university campus, Anand
Bacillus cereus (ATCC )
Anisomeles indica Inflorescence
Food poisoning
Staphylococcus aureus (Isolated)
Wound infection, Pneumonia
Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC )
Infection of prosthetic medical device
Micrococcus luteus (ATCC)
Septic shock, septic arthritis
Enterococcus faecalis (Isolated)
Carcinoma, dysplacia, inflammatory bowel disease
Escherichia coli (ATCC )
Bloody diarrhoea, kidney diseases.
Gram negative
Salmonella paratyphiA (MTCC )
Paratyphoid fever and typhoid
12 Salvia plebeia R. Br. 13 Clerodendrum infotunatum L. 14 Lantana camara L.
Whole plant Whole plant Leaves
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC )
Septicemia, pneumonia, dermatitis
Valsad Vadtal
SE
ML
EN
EC
ST
SP
PS
KP
Lantana camara Leaf
Pogostemon purpurascens Inflorescence
Pogostemon purpurascens Leaf
SM
Phyla nodiflora whole plant
Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC )
Pneumonia, flu, chill and cough
Serratia S ti marcescens (Isolated) (I l t d)
Bacteremia, B t i urinary i and respiratory infection
ST
-
8
4
-
8
-
4
-
4
2
4
Lantana camara
Leaf
2
2
8
8
>8
4
>8
>8
-
2
1
1
Lavendula bipinnata
Inflorescen 2 ce
>8 4
2
4
>8
4
8
1
4
1
4
Leaf
2
>8 1
>8
-
>8
8
4
-
8
1
0.5
Ocimum sanctum
Leaf
2
2
1
2
>8
2
-
2
-
-
0.5
0.5
Pogostemon p p purpurascen s Phyla nodiflora
Inflorescen 8 ce
0.5 4
4
1
1
2
1
-
0.5 2
4
Whole plant
1
8
-
>8
-
>8
-
-
2
4
1
4
Part used
MIC(mg/ml) Gram negative Gram positive BC BS SA SE ML EN EC ST SP PS KP SM Anisomeles Inflorescence 2 - 8 2 4 8 indica Lantana Leaf 2 8 >8 8 4 >8 >8 8 4 4 8 camara 4 2 2 8 Pogostemo Inflorescence 2 8 2 n Leaf 05 0.5 4 4 4 4 4 2 purpurasce ns Whole plant 8
4
2
8
-
>8 -
0.5 -
2
8
>8
Whole plant 2
4
4
2
2
8
1
-
4
-
-
-
MIC(mg/ml) Gram positive Gram negative BC BS SA SE ML EN EC ST SP PS KP SM Salvia Whole 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 plebeia plant Phyla Whole 2 0.5 8 4 8 2 0.5 0.5 nodiflor plant a
Salvia plebeia whole plant
Part used
Conclusion 1
Fig.3: Antibacterial activity of the crude Methanol extracts of selected plant species
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
Salmonella typhii
3
4
5
6
Klebsiella pneumoniae
14
12
10
Leaves,stem, , , Rajpipla jp p inflorescence
Leaves, stem Kabir vad
SA
EC
Table.5:Minimum inhibitory concentration of effective Methanol plant extracts of selected plant species
Food poisoning, vomiting, Diarrhoea,
11 Pogostemon purpurascens Dalz. g p p
Whole plant Whole plant
BS
Microorganism
Bacillus subtilis (ATCC )
2
Plant name BC
Typhoid, enteric fever
15 Lantana salvifolia Jacab (wild)
Bacillus cereus
0
Salmonella typhi (NCTC)
16 Lantana salvifoli Jacab. (cultivated) 17 Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene
10
10% Antimony trichloride
Causes
SM
Root
Phyla nodiflora Salvia p plebeia
Fig.5: Zone of inhibition by bioautography method of ethyl acetate plant extracts compare with HPTLC profiling
15
5
Leaves,stem, Saputara inflorescence
Verbenaceae
Ph l nodiflora Phyla difl whole h l plant l
S l plebeia Salvia l b whole h l
10 Pogostemon parviflorus Bth.
Saputara Jaunpur (U.P) SPUUniversity campus,Bakrol
W
Table.2: List of test Organisms
Part Used Locality Leaves,stem, Rajpipla inflorescence
3 Lavandula bipinnata (Roth) O.Ktze
M
W
20
Zone of Inhibiition(mm)
Table.1: List of selected Plants No
M 25
Zone of inhibition(mm)
solvents i.e. n-Hexane, Ethylacetate, Methanol and Distilled water. Micro organisms selected for study. Antimicrobial assay : Sensitivity test was performed by agar well diffusion method (Perilla et al, 2003) MIC was performed. HPTLC profiling was done of the 16 plants extract with significant antimicrobial activity (Harborne ,1948) TLC bioautography followed by the test organisms used (BC, SE, EN, ST)
SP PS KP
Anisomeles heyneana
Plant name
SA
KP
Fig.2: Antibacterial activity of the crude Ethyl acetate extracts of selected plant species
Plant material selected Extracts were prepared by cold sequential extraction method with
Gramnegative
BC BS SA SE ML EN
Table.4: Minimum inhibitory concentration of effective Ethyl acetate plant extracts of selected plant species
Phyla nodiflora whole plant
Materials & Methods :
MIC(mg/ml) Gram positive
30
Zon ne of inhibition(mm)
Aromatic A ti and d medicinal di i l plants l t are an immense i sustainable t i bl source off natural compounds with various beneficial properties. Therefore, such plant materials have been used since ancient times for various application, particularly healing of diseases, flavouring of foods and fragrances Some of these plants now a days are grown formulation of fragrances. commercially and serve for the production of variety of ingredients.A However, some of medicinal and aromatic herbs for some reasons have not found wider applications and sometimes referred to as ‘forgotten plants plants’.. The need of hour is to screen a number of medicinal plants for promising biological activity. In this study 17 traditionally used medicinal and aromatic plants belonging to two different families were selected to screen the antimicrobial principles present in them.
8
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
4
2
0 BC
BS
SA
SE
ML
EN
EC
ST
SP
Microorganism
Salvia plebeia whole plant
Phyla nodiflora whole plant
PS
KP
SM
1-Pogostemone purpuranscence Inflorescene 2- Pogostemone purpurancence 3 - Salvia plebeia whole plant Leaf 4 –Lavendula bipinnata Inflorescence 5-Phyla nodiflora whole plant 6 -Lantana camara Leaf
Staphylococcus epidermidis
1
2
3
4
5
6
•Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi and Enterococcus faecalis was found to be the most susceptible organism among the tested organisms against all th four the f extracts. t t •The MIC value obtained in the range of 8mg/ml to 0.5mg/ml. •The present study concludes that among different plant l t extracts t t P Pogostemone t purpuranscence inflorescence, Salvia plebeia whole plant ,Pogostemone purpuranscence leaf, Lavendula bipinnata inflorescence, Phyla nodiflora whole plant and Lantana camara leaf extracts possessed active compounds with antimicrobial property, which can be used as a substitute either alone or in combination to combat infectious diseases caused by some of resistant organisms.
