Scripture

Centre for the Study of Jewish-Christian Relations, Cambridge MSt in The Study of Jewish-Christian Relations Sample Syllabus: Scripture module (Lent term) Weekly topics: Week 1: New Testament: Einleitung Topic 2: Old Testament/Tanakh: Einleitung Topic 3: Introduction to Rabbinics Topic 4: The New Testament as the first exegetical ‘encounter’ Topic 5: The Patristic period Topic 6: The Medieval period Topic 7: The Early Modern period Topic 8: The Enlightenment Topic 9: Nineteenth/twentieth-century developments Topic 10: Recent Trends: Parables Useful translations: Revised Version with Apocrypha and Marginal References (1898 and reprints) or New Revised Standard Version with Apocrypha (1989 and reprints) JPS Tanakh (1985 and reprints) Convenient Hebrew/Greek/Latin editions: Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, ed. K. Elliger, W. Rudolph et al. (1987 and reprints) Septuaginta, ed. A. Rahlfs (1979 and reprints) Biblia Sacra Vulgata, ed. R. Weber (1975 and reprints) Preliminary Reading Roger Brooks, John J Collins, eds., Hebrew Bible or Old Testament? Studying the Bible in Judaism and Christianity (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990), 1-39. Stefan C. Reif, ‘Aspects of the Jewish contribution to biblical interpretation,’ in John Barton, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Biblical Interpretation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 143-159. James D. G. Dunn, ‘The Question of Antisemitism in the New Testament Writings,’ in Jews and Christians. The parting of the ways, A.D. 70 to 135 (Tuebingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1992), 177-211. William Horbury, ‘Old Testament Interpretation in the Writings of the Church Fathers,’ in Martin Jan Mulder and Harry Sysling, eds., Mikra. Text, Translation, Reading and Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity (Assen/Maastricht, Philadelphia: Van Gorcum, Fortress Press, 1988): 727-787. See also in the same volume, inter alia: Philip S. Alexander, ‘Jewish Aramaic Translations of Hebrew Scriptures,’ and Emanuel Tov, ‘The Septuagint.’

Rosemary Radford Ruether, ‘The “Adversus Judaeos” Tradition in the Church Fathers: The Exegesis of Christian Anti-Judaism,’ in Jeremy Cohen, ed., Essential Papers on Judaism and Christianity in Conflict. From Late Antiquity to the Reformation (New York and London: New York University Press, 1991), 174-189. Amy-Jill Levine, ‘Matthew, Mark, and Luke: Good News or Bad?’ in Paula Fredriksen and Adele Reinhartz, eds. Jesus, Judaism, and Christian Anti-Judaism. Reading the New Testament after the Holocaust (Louisville, London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002), 77-98. Heribert Smolinsky, ‘The Bible and its Exegesis in the Controversies about Reform and Reformation,’ in Henning Graf Reventlow and Benjamin Uffenheimer, eds. Creative Biblical Exegesis. JSOT Supplement 59 (1988), 115-130. Also see in this volume: Benjamin Uffenheimer, ‘Some Reflections on Modern Jewish Biblical Research’. Maurice Casey, ‘Anti-Semitic Assumptions in the “Theological Dictionary of the New Testament”,’ in Novum Testamentum 41, 3 (1999), 280-291. Please also take a look at the following volume to which you have full-text access through the UL's electronic resources: P. R. Ackroyd and C. F. Evans, eds., The Cambridge History of the Bible 1: From the Beginnings to Jerome (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970). Catherine Hezser, ‘Classical Rabbinic Literature,’ in Martin Goodman et al, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Jewish Studies (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 115140. Philip Alexander, ‘“In the beginning”: Rabbinic and Patristic Exegesis of Genesis 1:1,’ in Emmanouela Grypeou and Helen Spurling, eds., The Exegetical Encounter between Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 1-29. Stephen Garfinkel, ‘Clearing Peshat and Derash,’ in Magne Saebo, ed. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament I.2 (Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2000), 129-134. Also see in this volume: Guenter Stemberger, ‘Elements of Biblical Interpretation in Medieval JewishChristian Disputation,’ and Moshe Idel, ‘Kabbalistic Exegesis’. Amy-Jill Levine, Kwok Pui-Lan, Musimbi Kanyoro, Adele Reinhartz, Hisako Kinukawa, Elaine Wainwright, ‘Roundtable Discussion: Anti-Judaism and Postcolonial Biblical Interpretation,’ in Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 20, 1 (2004), 91-132. Peter von der Osten-Sacken, ‘On Dealings with Scripture,’ in Christian-Jewish Dialogue. Theological Foundations (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986), 143-157.

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Topic 1: New Testament: Einleitung (with James Carleton Paget) Set reading Raymond Brown, An Introduction to the New Testament (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010), 3-54. Additional introductory reading Luke T. Johnson, The Writings of the New Testament (London: SCM 1986), 1-20.

Topic 2: Old Testament/Tanakh: Einleitung (with William Horbury) Texts Num. 27:15-23; Deut. 31:9-13; II Kings 22.8-23.3; Neh. 8:1-12; Ecclesiasticus, Prologue; II Macc. 2:13-14; II Esdras 14:37-48. Set Reading Julius Wellhausen, Prolegomena to the History of Israel (Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1885), 148-150. Tessa Rajak, Translation and Survival. The Greek Bible of the Ancient Jewish Diaspora (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 1-63. Jonathan Campbell, ‘The Dead Scrolls and the Bible,’ in Deciphering the Dead Sea Scrolls (London: Fontana, 1996), 25-46. Additional introductory reading John Barton, ‘Introduction to the Old Testament,’ in idem and John Muddiman, eds. The Oxford Bible Commentary (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), 5-12. Please also look at the following sections in the OBC: Graham Davies, ‘Introduction to the Pentateuch’ and Martin Goodman, ‘Introduction to the Apocrypha’. Geza Vermes, ‘Bibel and Midrash,’ in Peter R. Ackroyd and Christopher F. Evans, eds. The Cambridge History of the Bible Vol. 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970). Arie van der Kooij, ‘Canonization of Ancient Hebrew Books and Hasmonean Politics,’ in Jean-Marie Auwers and Henk Jan de Jonge, eds. The Biblical Canons (Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2003), 27-38. E. Earle Ellis, ‘The Old Testament Canon in the Early Church,’ in Martin Jan Mulder and Harry Sysling, eds., Mikra. Text, Translation, Reading and Interpretation of the

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Topic 3: Introduction to Rabbinics (with Helen Spurling) Set reading Elizabeth Alexander, ‘The Orality of Rabbinic Writings,’ in Charlotte Fonrobert and Martin Jaffee, eds. The Cambridge Companion to the Talmud and Rabbinic Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 38-57. Richard Kalmin, ‘Patterns and Developments in Rabbinic Midrash of Late Antiquity,’ in Magne Saebo, ed. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament I.2 (Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2000), 285-302. Additional introductory reading Hayim Lapin, ‘The origins and development of the rabbinic movement in the Land of Israel,’ in Steven T. Katz, ed. The Cambridge History of Judaism 4: The Late RomanRabbinic Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006). Carol Bakhos, ‘Method(ological) Matters in the Study of Midrash,’ in eadem, ed. Current Trends in the Study of Midrash (Leiden: Brill, 2006), 161-187. Michael Fishbane, ‘Midrashic Theologies of Messianic Suffering,’ in The Exegetical Imagination. On Jewish Thought and Theology (Cambridge, MA, London: Harvard University Press, 1998), 73-85, 203-209.

Topic 4: The New Testament as the first exegetical ‘encounter’ (with James Carleton Paget) Set reading Paul Achtemeyer, ‘Omne verbum sonat,’ in Journal of Biblical Literature 109, 1 (1990), 3-27. Hans Huebner, ‘New Testament Interpretation of the Old Testament,’ in Magne Saebo, ed. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament I.1 (Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996).

Topic 5: The Patristic period (with Ed Kessler) Set reading Guenter Stemberger, ‘Exegetical Contacts between Christians and Jews in the Roman Empire,’ in Magne Saebo, ed. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament I.1 (Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1996), 569-586.

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Ed Kessler, Bound by the Bible. Jews, Christians and the Sacrifice of Isaac (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), 119-137. Emmanouela Grypeou and Helen Spurling, ‘Abraham’s Angels. Jewish and Christian exegesis of Genesis 18-19,’ in eaedem, eds. The Exegetical Encounter between Jews and Christians in Late Antiquity (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 181-203. Additional introductory reading Marc Hirshman, A Rivalry of Genius. Jewish and Christian Biblical Interpretation in Late Antiquity (Albany: SUNY Press, 1996), 109-130, 155-169. William Horbury, Jews and Christians in Contact and Controversy (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 2006), 25-36, 200-225. Peter Richardson, ‘The beginnings of Christian anti-Judaism, 70-c. 235,’ in Steven T. Katz, ed. The Cambridge History of Judaism 4: The Late Roman-Rabbinic Period (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 244-258. Hanneke Reuling, After Eden. Church Fathers and Rabbis on Genesis 3: 16-21 (Leiden: Brill, 2006), 1-21.

Topic 6: The medieval period (with Israel Sandman) Preparatory reading

Multivalence: 4 Senses Secondary Readings

Lectio Divina

Secondary Reading

Historical / Grammatical Secondary Reading

Jewish Bahya, intro.

Christian Aquinas, Summa Theologica, I:1, 10 G. Scholem, On the Kabbalah E. Cousins, ‘The Four Senses of and its Symbolism, pp. 57-62 Scripture’, pp. 122 – 124 of ‘The Fourfold Sense of Scripture in Christian Mysticism’ Zohar: How to Look at Torah; Wm of St Thierry, Golden Maimonides, Guide III:51, Epistle, 1:120-124; selection (Pines trans. p. 622) Hugh of St Victor, Didascalicon 3:10 E. Cousins, ‘Lectio Divina’, pp. 124 – 126 of ‘The Fourfold Sense of Scripture in Christian Mysticism’ Rashi Gen 3:8; Andrew of St Victor on Isaiah Rashi & Rashbam on Gen 1:16 2:22 & 7:14-16 (in Smalley, pp. 162 – 163) B. Smalley, The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages (1983 edition), Chapter IV – ‘Andrew of St Victor’, particularly sections II, III, & IV (pp. 120 – 172)

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Reading-In: Polemical

Secondary Reading

Reading-In: Philosophical

Reading-In: Spiritual

Rashi Gen 1:1, first 2 comments; Rashi, introductory comment to Song of Songs (in Harris pp. 295 – 296) I. Marcus, ‘Rashi's Historiosophy in the Introductions to His Bible Commentary’ Ibn Ezra on Gen 1:1, end of comment on ‘BARA’ and 1st 2 paragraphs on ‘G-D’ (p 24 – mid p. 25) Gersonides, Wars 6:8, pp. 446 – 447 Maimonides, Guide III:51, selection (Pines trans. p. 627 – 628)

Nicholas of Lyra, Postilla on the Song of Songs, pp. 33 & 35

Klepper, D.C. Insight of Unbelievers, Ch. 4 – ‘Wrestling With Rashi’ Eckhart, Commentary on Genesis, sections, 1, 2, 3, & 5, 6, 7 (pp. 82 – 85)

Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons on Song of Songs, Sermon 7, sections 2 & 3; Sermon 8, sections 7 – 9

Secondary literature: Please prioritize the readings explicitly listed in the table above. Gershom Scholem, On the Kabbalah and its Symbolism (New York: Schocken, 1965), 57-62. Ewert Cousins, ‘The Fourfold Sense of Scripture in Christian Mysticism,’ in Steven T. Katz, ed. Mysticism and Sacred Scripture (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 118-137. Robert Harris, ‘Rashi’s Introductions to his Biblical Commentaries,’ in Moshe BarAsher, Dalit Rom-Shiloni, Emanuel Tov and Nili Wayzana, eds. Shai le-Sara Japhet. Studies in the Bible, its Exegesis and its Language (Jerusalem: Bialik, 2007), 289-310. Ivan Marcus, ‘Rashi’s Historiosophy in the Introductions to his Bible Commentaries,’ in Revue des Etudes Juives 157 (1998), 47-55. Bernard McGinn, ‘The God Beyond God: Theology and Mysticism in the Thought of Meister Eckhart,’ in Journal of Religion 61,1 (1981), 1-19. Beryl Smalley, The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages (Oxford: Blackwell, 3rd rev. edition, 1983), 120-172. Edward Synan, ‘The Four “Senses” and Four Exegetes,’ in Jane Dammen McAuliffe, Barry D. Walfish and Joseph W. Goering, eds. With Reverence for the Word (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 225-236. Frank Talmage, ‘Apples of Gold: The Inner Meaning of Sacred Texts in Medieval Judaism,’ in Arthur Green, ed. Jewish Spirituality. From the Bible Through the Middle Ages (London: SCM, 1989), 313-355. 6

Michael A. Signer, ‘“Peshat”, “Sensus Litteralis”, and Sequential Narrative: Jewish Exegesis and the School of St. Victor in the Twelfth Century,’ Barry Walfish, ed. The Frank Talmage Memorial Volume I (Haifa: Haifa University Press, 1993), 203216. Deeana Copeland Klepper, The Insight of Unbelievers. Nicholas of Lyra and Christian Reading of Jewish Text in the Later Middle Ages (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007), 82-108, 179-190. Edward L. Greenstein, ‘Medieval Bible Commentaries,’ in Barry W. Holtz, ed. Back to the Sources. Reading the Classic Jewish Texts (New York, London, Toronto and Sidney: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 213-259. See also ch. 5 in this volume.

Topic 7: The early modern period Primary sources: John Calvin, Commentaries on the Book of Psalms (Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society: 1845), xxxv-xlix. E. Theodore Backman and Helmut T. Lehmann, eds., Luther’s Works Vol 35 (Philadelphia: Mulhenberg Press: 1960), 235-251, 253-257. Erika Rummel, The Case Against Johann Reuchlin (Toronto: Toronto University Press, 2002), 86-97, 132-135. Isaac ben Abraham of Troki, Hizuk Emunah. Transl. Moses Mocatta (Kessinger Legacy Reprints), 5-14, 225-228. Secondary literature: Jerome Friedman, ‘The Reformation and Jewish Antichristian Polemics,’ in Bibliotheque d'Humanisme et Renaissance 41,1 (1979), 83-97. Erika Rummel, The Case Against Johann Reuchlin (Toronto: Toronto University Press, 2002), vii-49. David C. Steinmetz, ‘The Judaizing Calvin,’ in idem, ed. Die Patristik in der Bibelexegese des 16. Jahrhunderts (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1999), 135-145. David L. Puckett, John Calvin's Exegesis of the Old Testament (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 1995), 24-51. J. Samuel Preus, ‘Promissio and Luther’s New Hermeneutic,’ in Harvard Theological Review 60, 2 (1967), 145-161. John J. Pilch, ‘Luther's Hermeneutical “Shift”,’ in Harvard Theological Review 63, 3 (1970), 445-448.

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Darrell Reinke, ‘From Allegory to Metaphor: More Notes on Luther's Hermeneutical Shift,’ in Harvard Theological Review 66, 3 (1973), 386-395. John T. Slotemaker, ‘The Trinitarian House of David: Martin Luther's Anti-Jewish Exegesis of 2 Samuel 23:1-7,’ in Harvard Theological Review 104, 2 (2011), 233254. G. Sujin Pak, ‘Luther, Bucer, and Calvin on Psalms 8 and 16: Confessional Formation and the Question of Jewish Exegesis,’ in Dutch Review of Church History 85 (2005), 169-186. Richard H. Popkin, Disputing Christianity (New York: Humanity Books, 2007), 1140. Stephen G Burnett, ‘Reassessing the “Basel-Wittenberg Conflict”,’ in Allison P. Coudert and Jeffrey S. Shoulson, eds. Hebraica Veritas? (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004), 181-201.

Topic 8: The Enlightenment Michael Marrisen, ‘The Character and Sources of the Anti-Judaism in Bach’s Cantata 46,’ in Harvard Theological Review 96, 1 (2003), 63-99. Michael Ochs, ‘You Say “Sabachthani” and I Say “Asabthani”. A St. Matthew Passion Puzzle,’ in Gregory G. Butler, George B. Stauffer and Mary Dalton Greer, eds. About Bach (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2008), 61-67. Primary sources: Jean Astruc, Conjectures sur les mémoires originaux dont il paroit que Moyse s'est servi pour composer le livre de la Genèse (Brussels, 1753). William Whiston, An Essay Towards Restoring the True Text of the Old Testament (London, 1722), 220-224, 228-229, 262-263, 281-301, 317-320, 329-335. Robert Lowth On the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews (orig. 1753), xix-xxi, 31-36. Johann David Michaelis Commentaries on the Laws of Moses Vol. 1 (orig. 1770), xxxiii-xxxvii, 1-9, 13-20, 21, 28, 32-36, 40-52. ‘A Greek and English Lexicon to the New Testament: In which the Words and Phrases occuring in those sacred Books are distinctly explained, and the Meanings assigned to each, authorized by References to Passages of Scripture, and frequently illustrated and confirmed by Citations from the Old Testament, and from the Greek Writers’, Critical Review, or, Annals of literature, 28 (1769:Aug.), 90-4.

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Secondary literature: Michael C. Legaspi, The Death of Scripture and the Rise of Biblical Studies (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 3-10, 155-169. Jonathan Sheehan, The Enlightenment Bible (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2005), 182-217. David Ruderman, ‘The Study of the Mishnah and the Quest for Christian Identity in Early Eighteenth-Century England: Completing a Narrative Initiated by Richard Popkin,’ in Jeremy D. Popkin, ed. The Legacies of Richard Popkin (Doordrecht: Springer, 2008), 123-142. Anders Gerdmar, Roots of Theological Anti-Semitism (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2009), 29-38. David Sorkin, Moses Mendelssohn and the Religious Enlightenment (London: Peter Halban, 1996), 136-141, 180-193. Idem, The Religious Enlightenment (Princeton, London: Princeton University Press, 2008), 53-89. Please take a look at the chapters by: W. Rogerson, Moshe Idel, William McKane, and Edward Breuer in Magne Saebo, ed. Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Vol. II (Goettingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2008), 837-850, 943-952, 953-970, 1006-1023. Ana M. Acosta, ‘Conjectures and Speculations: Jean Astruc, Obstetrics, and Biblical Criticism in Eighteenth-Century France,’ in Eighteenth-Century Studies 35, 2 (2002), 256-266.

Topic 9: Nineteenth/twentieth-century developments Hermann Gunkel, What Remains of the Old Testament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1928), 33-39, 53-56, 69-72. Claude Montefiore, The Synoptic Gospels Vol. 1 (London: Macmillan, 1909), vii-viii, xvii-xx. Idem, The Synoptic Gospels Vol. 2 (London: Macmillan, 1927), 344-346, 519-526. Idem, Rabbinic Literature and Gospel Teachings (London: Macmillan, 1928), vii, xvxxii, 356-7. Matthew 27:25 commentary by Johann Peter Lange (1863), 43-59 and recent commentaries.

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Recent commentaries (Sarna, Alter, Von Rad, Westermann, Brueggemann) and ‘midrashim’ on the akedah (Wilfred Owen, Benjamin Britten, Leonard Cohen, Ofer Golany). Edward Robinson, Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea Vol. 1 (London: John Murray, 1846), xii-xiii, 1-2, 46-48, 74-86, 326, 349-352, 371379. Ronald E. Clements, ‘The Study of the Old Testament,’ in Ninian Smart, John Clayton, Steven Katz, and Patrick Sherry, eds. Nineteenth Century Religious Thought in the West Vol. 3 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 109-141. Ran HaCohen, Reclaiming the Hebrew Bible. German-Jewish Reception of Biblical Criticism (Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 2010), 217-223. Christian Wiese, Challenging Colonial Discourse. Jewish Studies and Protestant Theology in Wilhelmine Germany (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2005), 217-285. Anders Gerdmar, Roots of Theological Anti-Semitism (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2009), 29-38. Reinhard G. Kratz, ‘Eyes and Spectacles: Wellhausen's Method of Higher Criticism,’ in Journal of Theological Studies 60, 2 (2009), 381-402.

Topic 10: Recent Trends: Parables (with Amy-Jill Levine) Klyne Snodgrass, Stories with Intent. A Comprehensive Guide to the Parables of Jesus (Grand Rapids, Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2008), introduction. Please also consult 93-143, 338-362, 449-476. David Stern, ‘Midrash and Parables in the New Testament,’ in Amy-Jill Levine and Marc Z. Brettler, eds., The Jewish Annotated New Testament (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 565-569. Robert Doran, ‘The Pharisee and the Tax Collector: An Agonistic Story,’ in Catholic Biblical Quarterly 69, 2 (2007), 259-270. F. Gerald Downing, ‘The Ambiguity of “The Pharisee and the Toll-collector” (Luke 18:9-14) in the Greco-Roman World of Late Antiquity,’ in Catholic Biblical Quarterly 54, 1 (1992), 80-99. Timothy A. Friedrichsen, ‘The Temple, a Pharisee, a Tax Collector, and the Kingdom of God: Rereading a Jesus Parable (Luke 18:10-14a),’ in Journal of Biblical Literature 124, 1 (2005), 89-119. Frederick C. Holmgren, ‘The Pharisee and the Tax Collector: Luke 18.9-14 and Deuteronomy 26.1-15,’ in Interpretation 48 (1992), 252-260.

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Brad H. Young, The Parables: Jewish Tradition and Christian Interpretation (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1998/2009), 130-157. J. Albert Harrill, ‘The Indentured Labor of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15:15),’ in Journal of Biblical Literature 115, 4 (1996), 714-717. Contributions by Kenneth E. Bailey and Kevin D. Miller in Christianity Today 42, 12 (1998). Mikeal C. Parsons, ‘The Prodigal Son’s Elder Brother: The History and Ethics of Reading Luke 15:25-32,’ in Perspectives in Religious Studies 23 (1996), 147-174. Carol Schersten-LaHurd, ‘Rediscovering the Lost Women in Luke 15,’ in Biblical Theology Bulletin 24 (1994), 66-76. Michael Gourgues, ‘The Priest, the Levite, and the Samaritan Revisited: A Critical Note on Luke 10:31-35,’ in Journal of Biblical literature 117, 4 (1998), 709-713. Richard Bauckham, ‘The Scrupulous Priest and the Good Samaritan: Jesus’ Parabolic Interpretation of the Law of Moses,’ in New Testament Studies 44 (1998), 475-489. Walter Wink, ‘The Parable of the Compassionate Samaritan: A Communal Exegesis Approach,’ in Review and Expositor 76 (1979), 199-217.

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