v e ra ge GW g. Sowing Year. Actual. Forecast. FGC 2020 objective: GWg 20.
Actual and forecast GWg of orchard seed (1995-2022) ..... Heather Graham ...
Penny Major
Penny Major
Penny Major
Chris Halldorson
Jim Corrigan
Chris Walsh
Chris Halldorson
Penny Major
Stephen Joyce
Zorica Boskovic
Zorica Boskovic
Zorica Boskovic
A Class Seed Use Actual and forecast select seed use in BC (1995-2022) 90 Percent of total provincial seed use
FGC Objective: 75%
80 70 60
Actual
Forecast
50 40 30 20 10 0
Millions of Seedlings
Sowing Year
A Class – Actual Sowing Actual # of class A Actual select seed use in BC (1995-2013) Actual Provincial A Class Sowing
180 160 140 120
Actual # of class A
100 80 60 40 20 0
Sowing Year
A Class – Actual Sowing classuse A Actual Actual select# of seed in BC (1995-2013) Actual Provincial A Class Sowing
180 160 140 120
Actual # of class A
100 80 60 40 20 0
Sowing Year
GW -- Seed Use Actual and forecast GWg of orchard seed (1995-2022) 22 20
FGC 2020 objective: GWg 20
Weighted average GWg
18 16
Actual
14
Forecast
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Sowing Year
Fdc
Chris Halldorson
FDC Sowing
A
B
25
S e e d l i n g s
20
0.4 1.2
15
1.2
1.2
0.6 0.4
2.2 10
0.6
1.5 15
5
11
0.6
0.5
15
14
14
20 15
12
9
14
10
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Sowing Year
2011
2012
2013
Cw CW Sowing
A
B
12
10 S e e d l i n g s
3 3
8
2
3
3
2
9 7
3
2
6
4
1
7 6
5
1
1 8
6
2
3
4
2009
2010
7
7
2012
2013
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Sowing Year Chris Halldorson
2011
Cw Sowing 2013 7
6
5
4
A B
3
2
1
0
M Millions of Seedlings
SM
Int wet Belt
Other Int
Hw HW Sowing
A
B
3.0
2.5 S e e d l i n g s
0.3 0.0
2.0 0.0
0.1
-
0.0
0.4
1.5 2.5
0.0
2.2
1.0
1.7
1.7
-
1.8
1.2
0.5
0.0
1.8 1.5 1.1
0.9
0.5 2003
Chris Halldorson
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Sowing Year
2011
2012
2013
Ss SS Sowing
A
B
1.2
1.0 S e e d l i n g s
0.0
0.8 0.3
0.4
0.5 0.6
0.2 0.2
0.1
0.6 0.4
0.5
0.9
0.0
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.5
0.4 0.3
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Sowing Year
2012
2013
Pw PW Sowing
A
B
1.4 1.2 S e e d l i n g s
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1 -
1.0 0.0 0.8
-
0.6
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.1 0.9
0.4
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.8
0.4
2003
2004
Millions of Seedlings
Chris Halldorson
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Sowing Year
2010
2011
2012
2013
Coast All Coast Sowing
A
B
35 30 S e e d l i n g s
0.7 2.0
25
2.0
3.5 20
1.7
1.9
1.3 1.2
2.3 0.7
15 10
0.9
27 20
23
23
30 25
23
21
18
16
15
2009
2010
5 2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Sowing Year
2011
2012
2013
Sx Chris Walsh
Sx Sowing
A
B
90
80 S e e d l i n g s
13
70 60 50
2
11 12
6
10
7
7
8
2
40 65
30 20
48
54
55
2004
2005
1
71 56 46
51
72
76
2012
2013
60
10 2003
Millions of Seedlings
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Sowing Year
2011
Pli Pli Sowing
A
B+
B
140 120 S e e d l i n g s
100 68 80 78 60
96
58
89 63
76
57
14
-
19
24
11
19
17
10
14
12
11
15
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Millions of Seedlings
16
17
19
17
2008
2009
48
50
40 20
Chris Walsh
85
19
18
33
34
2012
2013
12 41 24 2010
Sowing Year
2011
Fdi FDI Sowing
A
B
14 12 S e e d l i n g s
10
13
6
12
10
9
11
10
5 7
4
4 5
2 -
2003
2004
Millions of Seedlings
Penny Major
9
7
8
0 2005
3
1
2
2
1
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Sowing Year
2011
4
4
2012
2013
Lw LW Sowing
A
B
9 8 S e e d l i n g s
7
2.4
6 1.9
2.5 2.3
1.9
0.6
5
1.9 1.0
4 3 2
5
5
5 5
0.2
0.3
5
5
2012
2013
0.3 5
5 4
4
4
2008
2009
2010
1 2003
Millions of Seedlings
Chris Walsh
2004
2005
2006
2007
Sowing Year
2011
Py PY Sowing
A
B
1.6 1.4 S e e d l i n g s
1.2 1.0 0.8
1.5
0.6 0.4
1.5
1.3 1.1
0.9
0.7
1.1 0.8 0.5
0.2 -
Penny Major
0.3 2003
Millions of Seedlings
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Sowing Year
2011
2012
2013
Interior All Interior Sowing
A
B
250
S e e d l i n g s
200
143
150 125
134
134
99
85
79
111
114
119
2011
2012
2013
103
110
69
91
100
50 63
73
74
82
94
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
81
83
69
-
Millions of Seedlings
2008
2009
2010
Sowing Year
Fdi SO Production North 2.0 1.8
1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0
Annual Needs
0.8
Past 4 yr Ave
0.6 0.4
Future 3 yr Ave
0.2 Millions of Seedlings
CT
QL
PG
Fdi SO Production South 3.0
2.5
2.0
Annual Needs
1.5
Past 4 yr Ave Future 3 yr Ave
1.0
0.5
-
EK Millions of Seedlings
TO - low
TO - high
NE -low
NE - high
• Fdi TO low – Kalamalka 2013/14
• Fdi TO high – PRT Armstrong • 2014
Future Fdi Sowing FDI Sowing
A
B
20 18 S e e d l i n g s
16 14 12
7.0
7.0
2016
2017
9
9 9
7
8 9
5 7
4 2 -
10
10
10
6
10
2
1
2008
2009
Millions of Seedlings
4
3 2010
5
4
3.8
2011
2012
2013
Sowing Year
5.0
2014
6.0
2015
Forecast Next 5 Years
8.0
2018
Pli SO Production North 30
25
20
15
Past 3 Yr Ave
10
Future 3 Yr Ave
5
SO Target / Seedling Need
0
BV Millions of Seedlings
CP
PG
Pli SO Production South 8
7
6
5
Past 3 Yr Ave Future 3 Yr Ave SO Target
4
3
2
1
0
EK Millions of Seedlings
NE - low
NE - high
TO - low
TO - high
Future PliSowing Pli Sowing
A
B+
B
140 120 S e e d l i n g s
100
68 58
80 60
63
57
14
20
17
19
17
2008
2009
45
40
34
29
28
50
40 16
48
19
18
15
14
13
12
11
33
34
35
37
39
41
43
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
12
41 24
-
Millions of Seedlings
2010
2011
Sowing Year
Forecast Next 5 Years
What’s new • Lots! New orchards established; Old retired • VSOC Pli orchards at Quesnel (PG, BV, CP)
• • • • • • •
Py Orchard producing now! Sx Peace River Low elev – producing now! Weevil resistant Sx –better Rust resistant Pli for Prince George Deer Browse Resistant Coastal Cw New Seed orchard for Coastal Yc Red Alder Seed Orchards
Py Orchard SL 63434 collected this year
Penny Major
Penny Major
Fort Nelson Sx
• PR – low; 1st crop collected this year
Heather Graham
High Elev Lw Orchard
Barry Kasdorf
Barry Kasdorf
Weevil Resistant Sx
S Joyce
PG 29 S Joyce
S Joyce
Tim Sexton
Rust Resistant Pli Established
WESTERN GALL RUST
Heather Graham
Alternate Host – Bastard Toadflax
Heather Graham
Richard Reich
Richard Reich
VSOC Quesnel Pli Seed Orchards – BV &PG
Browse Resistant Coastal Cw Orchards
John Russell
Low terpene seedling
John Russell
High terpene seedling John Russell
Deer Resistant Seed Orchards
Close
Deer browse resistant deployment • deer avoid browsing high terpene needles & eat tasty needles…so just plant resistant trees Genome
BUT….. Choice
• monoterpenes not a silver bullet • other factors: nutrition, toughness • palatability is relative – animals sometimes eat toxic plants – deer browse Douglas-fir/Sitka spruce
• herbivores adapt to changing environments
Feedback (Consequence)
State Social
Flavor (Cue)
Context (Cues)
Diet Selection
Foraging Behavior
Palatability
John Russell
Deployment • Palability is relative – Animals sometimes eat toxic plants – Deer browse Douglas-fir/Sitka spruce
• Herbivores must adapt to changing environment
John Russell
Relative Preference:
The Beer Dramatization
John Russell
An Observed Preference
John Russell
Eliminate Preferred Choice
John Russell
In the Absence of Choice
John Russell
Deployment and relative palatability
% failed
• Feeding choice trials: -deer prefer younger, smaller stock with lower terpenes -seedlings over cuttings
• Operational deployment trials -different mixtures of terpene levels, age, stock size and seedlings & clones across the landscape
Seedlings Cuttings
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
weeks in field Monoterpene mean levels: seedlings=6,864 ppm; cuttings=11,752 ppm)
John Russell
Cw Seed Orchard + Cw Hedge Orchard John Russell
John Russell
Heather Graham
High Turpine Seedling
Low Turpine Seedling
High Turpine Rooted Cutting
in the same box
Yc Seed orchard – Port McNeill
Yc OTIP1118 Trial Update Results: Cone and seed production (fall 2012)
Site
Cones / tree Port McNeil 5 1,845 Port McNeil 6 1,154 Port McNeil 8 2,930
Seeds/100 cones 1,045 904 1,042
Seed germ (%)* 71 63 76
*ave. germination of stored wildstand seedlots=60.8% John Russell
Red Alder Seed Orchards Established
Chris Halldorson
Jim Corrigan
Jim Corrigan
Jim Corrigan
Jim Corrigan
Jim Corrigan
Jim Corrigan
Questions? Thanks To • Jack Woods, Select Seed • John Russell, CLRS • Dan Gaudet, VSOC • Barry Jaquish, TIB Kalamalka • Ward Strong, TIB Kalamalka • Richard Reich, Pathologist
• • • • • • • •
Photo Credits Penny Major, Bailey SO Gary Giampa, Kalamalka SO Jim Corrigan, Pest Mgmt Chris Halldorson, Saanich SO Heather Graham, Skimikin SO Sylvan Vale Nursery Tim Sexton, UBC Chris Walsh, Adelaide Aus
