Short notes

ARTROPODI DEL PARCO NAZIONALE DEL VESUVIO: RICERCHE PRELIMINARI – CONSERVAZIONE HABITAT INVERTEBRATI – 4/2007: 377-454.

Short notes In this section 313 species of Arthropods from the Vesuvius National Park are recorded. They belong to taxa not treated in the previous pages. Taxa are listed in alphabetical order according to, unless otherwise stated, the nomenclature of the Fauna Europaea Web Service (2005. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, available online at http://www. faunaeur.org). Possible subgenera have been omitted in the list. Collecting sites investigated during the recent faunistic survey of the Park are indicated with abbreviations (see further on). Unless otherwise specified, material from these sites was collected during the period 8.V-14.XII.2000. Sites surveyed during other studies and those from the literature are not abbreviated and listed in alphabetical order (Resina is the old name for Herculaneum).

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS + = 1-9 specimens. ++ = 10-99 specimens. +++ = > 99 specimens. ^ = record based on specimens collected 6.IV.2001. # = record based on specimens collected 19.VI.2006. Al = rearing. CCE = C. Emery collection, Museo civico di Zoologia, Rome. CNBF = Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Bosco della Fontana. ex = specimen/s. L? = no collector specified. lt = light trap. mc = at margin of hazel grove on pozzolan, pitfall traps (vinegar and salt) in chestnut stump. MDEP = Dipartimento di Entomologia e Zoologia agraria “Filippo Silvestri”, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici. P = pitfall trap (vinegar and salt). R = direct collecting methods. Vg = sieve. wh = holm oak wood. SAMPLING SITES BBoscot1= Boscotrecase, Vesuvio vers. S, Riserva Tirone-Alto Vesuvio, 500-600 m, Pinus pinea plantation with a few P. halepensis; EAtrio = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. NO, Valle del Gigante, loc. Atrio del Cavallo, 800-850 m, shrubland; EColata = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. N, strada per il cratere, 890 m ca, edge of lava flow; ECratere = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. O, Cratere del 1944, 1200 m ca, very steep terrain, nearly without vegetation; EGigante = Ercolano, Vesuvio, vers. N, Valle del Gigante, 965-870 m, transect between tall Genista aetnensis-dominated shrubland and lava flow covered with lichens; EGinestre0 = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. O, strada per il cratere, 500 m, Spartium junceum shrubland with isolated trees; EGinestre1 = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. O, strada per il cratere, 525 m, S. junceum shrubland; EGinestre2 = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. O, strada per il cratere, 525-500 m, S. junceum shrubland with small isolated Holm oak patches; EGuide = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. N, presso C.ta Guide, 900 m, open meadows with Rumex, Centaurea, broom, thistles; EMsom = Ercolano, M. Somma vers. NO, 650 m, oak wood; EOsserv = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. O, dintorni dell’Osservatorio, 600-650 m, tall Mediterranean maquis; EPiazz = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. N, presso C.ta Guide, 1000 m, dirt car-park bordered by G. aetnensis shrubs and lava flows practically free of vegetation; ERimbos = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. N, strada per il cratere, 960 m ca, reforested area with conifers and G. aetnensis; ETirone = Ercolano, Vesuvio vers. N, strada per il cratere, Riserva Tirone-Alto Vesuvio, 960-970 m, tall G. aetnensis shrubland; EVesuv= “Ercolano, Vesuvio” (without further details); MMsom = Massa di Somma, M. Somma vers. NO, 500-550 m, mixed woodland; OCognoli = Ottaviano, M. Somma vers. E, “sentiero per i Cognoli”, 600 m ca, mixed chestnut grove; OInferno = Ottaviano, Vesuvio vers. E, Valle dell’Inferno, sentiero 830 m, G. aetnensis-dominated shrubland; OMsom = Ottaviano, M. Somma vers. E, 500-700 m, mixed woodland; OPrinc = Ottaviano, M. Somma vers. E, a monte di Castello del Principe, 515 m, wasteland and pine plantation; OSom3 = Ottaviano, M. Somma vers. NE, 700 m, mixed deciduous wood; OVallone = Ottaviano, M. Somma vers. E, Vallone Mazzamei, 450 m ca, hazelnut grove on pozzolana; SaOlivella = Sant’Anastasia, M. Somma vers. N, Sorgenti Olivella, 350 m, mixed broadleaved woodland; SaTrocchia = Sant’Anastasia, dint. Lagno di Trocchia, 190-250 m, apricot grove and mixed broadleaved woodland; SCavone = M. Somma vers. N, Lagno Cavone, 350-400 m, oak wood; SMaria = Somma Vesuviana, M. Somma vers. N, Santa Maria di Castello, 500 m ca, chestnut grove; SMaria1 = Somma Vesuviana, M. Somma vers. N, Santa Maria di Castello, 450 m ca, margins of chestnut grove and anthropized area; SMaria2 = Somma Vesuviana, M. Somma vers. N, Santa Maria di Castello, 465 m, wasteland on the edge of chestnut grove; SVpalm = Somma Vesuviana, Valle Palmentiello, 450-500 m, and chestnut grove; TFunivia = Torre del Greco, Vesuvio vers. SO, stazione inferiore ex funivia, 754-800 m, mixed broadleaved woodland with False acacia and Pine. 377

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Quotation-sample of single articles: Ratti E., 2007. Short notes 26. Coleoptera, Silvanidae, p. 415-416. In: Nardi G. & Vomero V. (eds.), Artropodi del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio: ricerche preliminari. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 4. Cierre edizioni, Verona.

ARACHNIDA 1. Order Araneae Alessio TROTTA Spiders are predatory, terrestrial arachnids present in Italy with 1,534 species (Trotta 2005), although the present knowledge of the southern Italian spider fauna is extremely disappointing and fragmentary. The nomenclature here adopted follows Platnick (2006) and chorotypes are assigned according to Vigna Taglianti et al. (1999). Information on Italian distribution is taken, unless otherwise specified, from the author’s faunistic database. The following abbreviations are used: es = specimen/s without abdomen; juv = immature; sad = subadult. The following specimens, collected during the recent faunistic survey in the Park (Nardi & Vomero 2007), are not included in the list since determinable only to family level: Agelenidae (3 juv), Araneidae (1 ♂ sad), Dysderidae (2 juv), Gnaphosidae (8 juv, 1 es ♀), Lycosidae (3 juv). All material is stored in CNBF and in the author’s collections.

A Mediterranean species new to Campania, previously recorded in Italy from Piedmont, Lombardy, Venetia, Liguria, Tuscany, Emilia-Romagna, Umbria and Sicily. Textrix sp. EColata P+ (1 es ♀) ARANEIDAE Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802) TFunivia R+ A Europeo-Mediterranean species, distributed throughout Italy. Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer 1802) Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Simon 1882, as Epeira adianta Walckenaer, 1802). A Palaearctic species, distributed throughout Italy.

AGELENIDAE Neoscona sp. Tegenaria fuesslini Pavesi, 1873 SMaria P+

EGinestre1 R+ (1 ♂ sad) TFunivia R+ (2 ♀♀ sad)

A S-European species, distributed throughout Italy.

CORINNIDAE

Malthonica pagana (C.L. Koch, 1840)

Phrurolithus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1835)

Torre del Greco, sotterraneo di Villa Guerra 874/2 Cp (Brignoli 1972, as Tegenaria pagana (C.L. Koch)).

OVallone mc+ SMaria P+

A Europeo-Mediterranean species, recorded in Italy from Piedmont, Lombardy, Venetia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, Latium, Campania, Apulia, Sicily and Sardinia.

A Palaearctic species new to Campania, previously recorded in Italy from Piedmont, Lombardy, TrentinoAlto Adige, Venetia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Liguria, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, Latium, Apulia, Calabria and Sardinia.

Textrix caudata L. Koch, 1872 EColata P+ 378

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DYSDERIDAE

Zelotes apricorum (L. Koch, 1876)

Dysdera sp.

EColata P++ OCognoli P+ SMaria P+

EColata P+ (1 ♂, 1 ♂ sad) ERimbos P+ (1 ♀) OCognoli P+ (1 ♀) OVallone mc+ (1 ♂) SMaria P+ (1 es, 1 juv)

A European species, new to Campania. In Italy it was known from Piedmont, Lombardy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Venetia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia-Romagna, Liguria, Tuscany, Marches, Latium, Abruzzi and Apulia.

The material is still under study. Zelotes denapes Platnick, 1993 Harpactea arguta (Simon, 1907) EColata P+ SMaria P+ Species known from southern France (Provence) and central Italy (Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Marches, Umbria, Latium); first record for southern Italy.

Italian endemic (?), known until now only from the type locality: the island of Zannone (Latium) (Di Caporiacco & Denis 1953, as Z. caporiaccoi Denis, 1953). Zelotes sp.

Harpactea sp. EColata P+ (1 juv)

EColata P++ (9 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ sad, 1 ♂ sad, 1 juv) ERimbos P+ (1 es) OCognoli P+ (1 ♀ sad)

Rhode biscutata Simon, 1893 The material is still under study. SMaria P+ LINYPHIIDAE Species known from Algeria, Tunisia and mainland Italy (Pesarini 1984). First record for Campania. In Italy it was recorded from Emilia-Romagna (Di Caporiacco 1949; Zangheri 1966), Tuscany (Pesarini 1984), Marches (Kritscher 1956), Latium (Brignoli 1979) and, with doubt, Calabria (Pesarini 1984). GNAPHOSIDAE

Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865) Torre del Greco, sotterraneo di Villa Guerra 874/2 Cp (Parenzan 1957). Holarctic species. In Italy it is recorded also from Lombardy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Venetia and FriuliVenezia Giulia.

Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802) Megalepthyphantes collinus (L. Koch, 1872) EColata P+ A Palaearctic species, distributed throughout Italy. Zelotes aeneus (Simon, 1878)

EColata P+ ERimbos P+ A Palaearctic species, recorded in Italy from the northern regions. New for southern Italy.

EColata P+ Tenuiphantes cf. zimmermanni (Bertkau, 1890) A European species, recorded in Italy from Piedmont, Lombardy, Venetia, Liguria, Latium and Sicily. First record for Campania.

SMaria P+ Walckenaeria antica (Wider, 1834) EColata P+ 379

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A European species. In Italy it was known from Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Lombardy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Venetia and Friuli-Venezia Giulia. First record from southern Italy. LIOCRANIDAE Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830) EColata P+ OCognoli P+ SMaria P+ A European species, new to Campania. In Italy it was recorded from Piedmont, Lombardy, Trentino-Alto Adige, Venetia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia-Romagna, Liguria, Tuscany, Latium, Abruzzi, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria and Sardinia.

Trabea paradoxa Simon, 1876 EColata P+ SMaria P+ Tyrrhenian (?) species previously known only from the Tuscan Archipelago (De Dalmas 1922; Tongiorgi 1968), the coasts of Venetia (Hansen 2002, 2003) and Dalmatia (Hansen 2002). This is the first record from southern Italy. The species has been found in marshy areas and in pine woods on dry and sandy soils with a herbaceous ground layer (Russell-Smith 1982), whereas the new records are from a chestnut wood and a reforestation area. MIMETIDAE Ero sp.

Liocranum sp.

EColata P+ (1 es ♀)

EColata P+ (1 ♀ sad)

MITURGIDAE

LYCOSIDAE

Cheiracanthium pelasgicum (C.L. Koch, 1837)

Alopecosa albofasciata (Brullé, 1832)

Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Simon 1882, as Chiracanthium pelasgicum).

EColata P+ SMaria P+ Centralasiatic-Mediterranean species, widespread in Italy.

European species, known in Italy also from Tuscany, Capri Island (Campania) and Sicily. NEMESIIDAE

Arctosa perita (Latreille, 1799) Nemesia sp. Napoli, falde del Vesuvio, 1872, P. Pavesi leg. (Lugetti & Tongiorgi 1965, as A. p. perita). A Europeo-Mediterranean species, distributed throughout Italy.

EColata P+ (1 juv) ERimbos P+ (1 juv) SMaria P++ (2 es ♀♀, 10 juv) NESTICIDAE

Arctosa personata (L. Koch, 1872) Nesticus eremita Simon, 1879 EColata P+ Torre del Greco, Grotta del Serin 223 Cp (Brignoli 1972). W-Mediterranean species. In Italy it was known from Lombardy, Venetia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Emilia-Romagna, Liguria, Tuscany, Latium, Campania, Apulia, Calabria, Sicily and Sardinia.

A European species, distributed throughout Italy. PHILODROMIDAE

Pardosa sp.

Philodromus lividus Simon, 1875

OVallone mc+ (1 juv)

Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C.

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Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Simon 1882).

Liguria, Tuscany, Marches, Latium, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily.

W-Mediterranean species, known in Italy also from Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria and Sardinia.

Heliophanus sp.

Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870

EGinestre1 R+ (2 ♂♂ sad)

Vesuvius, E slope, 12.VI.2002, Bosmans leg. (Muster & Thaler 2004).

Leptorchestes mutilloides (Lucas, 1846) TFunivia R+

A Mediterranean species known from Spain to Turkey and Iran; in Italy it is recorded also from Basilicata and Calabria (Muster & Thaler 2004). PHOLCIDAE

A Mediterranean species, recorded in Italy from Lombardy, Venetia, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Marches, Latium, Campania, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily and Sardinia.

Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763)

Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761)

Cavità vesuviane di Sud-Ovest 854 Cp (Dresco 1963).

TFunivia R+

A Europeo-Mediterranean species, widespread in Italy except in the higher areas of the Alps and Apennines (Brignoli 1971a).

A Europeo-Mediterranean species, widespread in Italy.

Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)

EColata P+

Cavità vesuviane di Sud-Ovest 854 Cp (Brignoli 1972). Torre del Greco, Grotta del Serin 223 Cp (Brignoli 1972). Torre del Greco, sotterraneo di Villa Guerra 874/2 Cp (Brignoli 1972).

TETRAGNATHIDAE

Palaearctic species, distributed throughout Italy.

Pseudeuophrys prope erratica (Walckenaer, 1826)

Meta bourneti Simon, 1922 Cavità vesuviane di Sud-Ovest 854 Cp (Brignoli 1972). A Mediterranean species, known in Italy from Piedmont, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Tuscany, Latium, Campania, Apulia, Sicily and Sardinia.

PISAURIDAE Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757) Cavità vesuviane di Sud-Ovest 854 Cp (Brignoli 1972). TFunivia R+ Palaearctic species, distributed throughout Italy. Palaearctic species, distributed throughout Italy. THERIDIIDAE SALTICIDAE Enoplognatha mandibularis (Lucas, 1846) Heliophanus tribulosus Simon, 1868 ERimbos P+ Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Simon 1892, as H. cambridgei Simon, 1869).

Palaearctic species, distributed throughout Italy. Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757)

A European species, recorded in Italy also from Lombardy, Venetia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia-Romagna,

TFunivia R+ 381

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Holarctic species, distributed throughout Italy. Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809

Sardinia and it was recently collected also in Liguria: Finale Ligure (Savona province), private garden, 28.IX.2005, B. Ferrero leg., 2 ♂♂ (Trotta, unpublished).

EColata P+ ERimbos P+

Ozyptila sp.

European species, distributed throughout Italy.

EColata P+ (4 juv)

Episinus sp.

Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1977)

EColata P+ (4 ♂♂ sad, 1 juv)

EGigante R+ TFunivia R+

THOMISIDAE Palaearctic species, distributed throughout Italy. Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757) Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805 EGinestre1 #R+ Holarctic species (fig. 1.1) widespread in Italy.

Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Simon 1882).

Ozyptila confluens (C. L. Koch, 1845)

Palaearctic species, distributed throughout Italy.

OCognoli P+ SMaria P+

Xysticus sp. EGinestre1 R+ (1 ♀ in study).

A probable S-European species. It is known from Corsica, Croatia, Macedonia, mainland Greece, Cyclades Islands, Bulgaria, Romania and Sardinia. In Italy it was known from Tuscany (Giglio Island), Latium,

ZODARIIDAE Zodarion remotum Denis, 1935 EColata P+ OCognoli P+ Species known only from Corsica and Italy (Latium and Campania) (Bosmans 1997). Zodarion sp. EColata P+ (2 ♂♂ in study, 1 ♂ sad, 1 juv) ZOROPSIDAE Zoropsis oertzeni Dahl, 1901 OCognoli P+ Central-East-Mediterranean species (Thaler et al. 2006), new to Campania, previously recorded in Italy only from Liguria and Apulia (Thaler & Knoflach 1998).

Fig. 1.1. Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757) from Ercolano (photo by P. Cerretti).

382

The knowledge of the spider fauna of Campania is unsatisfactory, as only very few areas have been spe-

SHORT NOTES

cifically treated with regard to this group (e.g. Pavesi 1875; Kritscher 1958; Groppali & Pesarini 2002) and other records are scattered in general works (e.g. Costa 1835; Silvestri 1917; Dresco 1949; Parenzan 1953; Dresco 1963; Capolongo 1969; Brignoli 1971b, 1971c, 1972; Capolongo et al. 1974; Brignoli 1977, 1985). 14 species were previously recorded from the Vesuvius National Park; approximately 150 specimens, belonging to 30 species, were recently collected in the Park. These records, though fragmentary, contribute to a better faunistic knowledge of Campania: 13 species are newly recorded from this region and 6 from southern mainland Italy. The recovery of four species (Zelotes denapes, Trabea paradoxa, Ozyptila confluens, Zoropsis oertzeni) the Italian distribution of which is still poorly known is of particular interest. Future and more diversified collections would allow to considerably increase the number of species. REFERENCES Bosmans R., 1997. Revision of the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1833, part II. Western and Central Europe, including Italy (Araneae: Zodariidae). Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 10: 265-294. Brignoli P.M., 1971a. Note sui Pholcidae d’Italia (Araneae). Fragmenta entomologica, 7: 79-101. Brignoli P.M., 1971b. Note sui ragni cavernicoli italiani. Fragmenta entomologica, 7: 121-129 Brignoli P.M., 1971c. Contributo alla conoscenza degli Agelenidae italiani (Araneae). Fragmenta entomologica, 8: 57-142. Brignoli P.M., 1972. Catalogo dei ragni cavernicoli italiani, Quaderni di Speleologia, Circolo Speleologico Romano, 1: 1-211. Brignoli P.M., 1977. Ragni d’Italia XXVII. Nuovi dati su Agelenidae, Argyronetidae, Hahniidae, Oxyopidae e Pisauridae cavernicoli ed epigei (Araneae). Quaderni del Museo di Speleologia “V. Rivera”, 4: 3-117. Brignoli P.M., 1979. Ragni d’Italia XXIX. Dysderidae nuovi o interessanti (Araneae). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 111: 17-26. Brignoli P.M., 1985. Aggiunte e correzioni al Catalogo dei ragni cavernicoli italiani. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, II Ser., 4: 51-64. Capolongo D., 1969. Studio ecologico delle cantine del Napoletano. Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 101: 193-205. Capolongo D., Cantilena S. & Panascì R., 1974. Specie cavernicole di Campania. Annuario dell’Istituto e Museo di Zoologia della Università di Napoli, 20: 33-215. Costa O.G., 1835. Aracnidi, fogli 1-3, pp. 1-24, pls. 1-2. In: Costa O.G., Fauna del Regno di Napoli ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo Regno e le acque che le bagnano contenente la descrizione de’ nuovi o poco esattamente conosciuti con figure ricavate da originali viventi e dipinte al naturale. Stamperia di Gaetano Sautto, Napoli. [the date of publication is according to Platnick (2006)]

De Dalmas R., 1922. Catalogue des araignées récoltées par le Marquis G. Doria dans l’île Giglio (Archipel toscan). Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, 50: 79-96. Di Caporiacco L., 1949. L’aracnofauna della Romagna in base alle raccolte Zangheri. Redia, 34: 237-288. Di Caporiacco L. & Denis J., 1953. Descrizione di tre specie di aracnidi dell’isola di Zannone. Bollettino di Zoologia, 20: 59-63. Dresco E., 1949. Note sur les araignées de quelques grottes de l’Italie méridionale et description d’une espèce nouvelle. Bollettino della Società dei Naturalisti di Napoli, 58 (Suppl. 11): 1-6. Dresco E., 1963. Araignées cavernicoles d’Italie (1re note). Annales de Spéléologie, 18 (1): 13-30. Groppali R. & Pesarini C., 2002. Appunti sui ragni della costa del Cilento meridionale (Marina di Camerota - Salerno) e prima segnalazione italiana di Micaria septempunctata (Gnaphosidae). Atti della Società italiana di Scienze naturali e del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 142 (2): 207225. Hansen H., 2002. Biodiversità della Laguna di Venezia. Segnalazioni 36 - Trabea paradoxa Simon, 1876 (Arachnida Araneae Lycosidae). Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Venezia, 53: 271. Hansen H., 2003. Arachnida. In: Biodiversità della laguna di Venezia e della costa nord adriatica veneta. Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Venezia, 54: 172-173. Kritscher E., 1956. Araneen aus den Sibillinischen Bergen. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 5: 283-300. Kritscher E., 1958. Araneen aus den Picentinischen Bergen. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 6: 313-320. Lugetti G. & Tongiorgi P., 1965. Revisione delle specie italiane dei generi Arctosa C.L. Koch e Tricca Simon con note su una Acantholycosa delle Alpi Giulie (Araneae - Lycosidae). Redia, 49: 165-228. Muster C. & Thaler K., 2004. New species and records of Mediterranean Philodromidae (Arachnida, Araneae): I. Philodromus aureolus group. Denisia, 12, zugleich Kataloge der OÖ. Landesmuseen, Neue Serie, 14: 305-326. Nardi G. & Vomero V., 2007. Introduzione. In: Nardi G. & Vomero V. (eds.), Artropodi del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio: ricerche preliminari. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 4. Cierre edizioni, Verona. Parenzan P., 1953. Fauna del sottosuolo di Napoli. Bollettino della Società dei Naturalisti di Napoli, 62: 89-93. Parenzan P., 1957. Primo abbozzo di speleologia vulcanica. Studia spelaeologica, 2: 91-96. Pavesi P., 1875. Note araneologiche. I. Catalogo dei ragni di Capri. Atti della Società italiana di Scienze naturali, 18: 113132. Pesarini C., 1984. Rhode testudinea n. sp. delle Alpi Cozie, e considerazioni sulla sistematica della tribù Rhodini. Atti della Società italiana di Scienze naturali, 125: 81-86 Platnick N.I., 2006. The world spider catalog, version 7.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http:// research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html Russell-Smith A., 1982. A revision of the genus Trabaea Simon (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 74: 69-91. Silvestri F., 1917. Contributo alla conoscenza del Celiode del Nocciolo (Coeliodes ruber Marsh.: Coleopt. Curculionidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della

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R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 12: 155-174. Simon E., 1882. Arachnidae, pp. 31-48. In: Al Vulture ed al Pollino - Parte II Catalogo degli animali raccolti al Vulture, al Pollino ed in altri luoghi dell’Italia meridionale e centrale. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 14. Thaler K. & Knoflach B., 1998. Zoropsis spinimana (Dufour), eine für Österreich neue Adventivart (Araneae, Zoropsidae). Berichte der Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, 85: 173-185. Thaler K., van Harten A. & Knoflach B., 2006. Zoropsis saba sp. n. from Yemen, with notes on other species (Araneae, Zoropsidae). Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 13 (7): 249-255. Tongiorgi P., 1968. Su alcuni ragni italiani della famiglia Lycosidae. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 16: 107-112. Trotta A., 2005. Introduzione ai ragni italiani (Arachnida Araneae). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 83: 3-178. Vigna Taglianti A., Audisio P.A., Biondi M., Bologna M.A., Carpaneto G.M., De Biase A., Fattorini S., Piattella E., Sindaco R., Venchi A. & Zapparoli M., 1999. A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic region. Biogeographia, Lavori della Società italiana di biogeografia, (n.s.) 20: 31-59. Zangheri P., 1966. Repertorio sistematico e topografico della flora e fauna vivente e fossile della Romagna. Tomo II. Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, Memorie fuori serie, 1: 485-856.

2. Order Pseudoscorpiones Giulio GARDINI Pseudoscorpions are predacious, terrestrial arachnids occurring in nearly all epi- and hypogean habitats of the temperate and tropical regions of the Earth. Many species are bark-dwellers but most live in the soil, being a constant and important component of the soil mesofauna. Over a sixth of the 3,270 nominal species described by 2005 are cave-dwellers, many of which display extraordinary troglomorphic features. Currently, 217 species are recorded for Italy (Gardini 2000 and unpublished) but our knowledge is certainly still patchy, from both a taxonomic – especially for the most species-rich genera Chthonius C.L. Koch, 1843 (Chthoniidae), Neobisium Chamberlin, 1930 and Roncus L. Koch, 1873 (Neobisiidae) – and faunistic point of view. The systematic order adopted here is that used by Gardini (1995b), and all material is kept in the author’s collection. CHELIFERIDAE

Mediterranean species known from all Italian regions; it lives under stones and bark, and is typical of xericthermophilic Mediterranean formations; however, it is also a rare inhabitant of submontane oak-forest (Quercus cerris and Q. pubescens) in inland Apennine areas and northern regions. CHTHONIIDAE Chthonius ischnocheles (Hermann, 1804) SMaria P+ Europeo-Anatolian-Macaronesian species, introduced to the eastern coast of the United States and to St Helens; it occurs in all Italian regions and is known from localities in the Naples province (Gardini 2000). It is euryecious and euryzonal, common in anthropized habitats and occurs in both natural and artificial cavities. Chthonius jonicus Beier, 1931 Torre del Greco, Camaldoli della Torre, 29.IX.1982, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., wh, Vg, 7 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀, 6 tritonymphs, 1 deutonymph (Gardini 1995a). N-Mediterranean-Macaronesian species occurring, in Italy, in Marches, Molise, Campania, Apulia, Calabria, Sicily and the Aeolian Islands (Gardini 2000). It is probably stenoecious, preferring plant detritus in xeric-thermophilic formations. Chthonius siculus Beier, 1961 Torre del Greco, Camaldoli della Torre, 29.IX.1982, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., wh, Vg, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 tritonymphs, 1 deutonymph. This species is new for the Campania region, but its distribution needs verifying following redescription of types and checking of material on which Italian (Pontine Islands and Apulia), Greek and Spanish literature records are based (Harvey 1991; Gardini 2000); records of this species from caves in south Sardinia (Beier 1973; Gardini 1980) turned out being wrong after close examination of the material in question. Chthonius siculus is a likely epigean leaf litter inhabitant of Mediterranean maquis.

Hysterochelifer tuberculatus (Lucas, 1849) Torre del Greco, Camaldoli della Torre, 29.IX.1982, G. Gardini & S. Zoia leg., wh, Vg, 1 tritonymph. 384

The pseudoscorpion fauna of Campania is among the most poorly known in Italy. Of the 217 species currently recorded for Italy, only 20 are mentioned

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from Campania; this region is followed by Abruzzi (18 species), Basilicata and Umbria (10), Marches (9), and Molise (8). Four Campanian species are of some interest: Chthonius (Chthonius) stammeri Beier, 1942 (recent troglobitic endemic of Monti Alburni), Paraliochthonius singularis (Menozzi, 1924) (N–Mediterranean halobiont described from the Portici littoral), Neobisium (Ommatoblothrus) cf. samniticum Mahnert, 1980 (troglobitic populations of Monti del Matese of unclear taxonomic position) and Pselaphochernes italicus Beier, 1966 (a bark-dweller decribed from Scavi di Velia (Salerno province) and later cited for Sardinia). The only noteworthy record in such a poor framework of knowledge is the presence in Vesuvius National Park of Chthonius siculus, here newly recorded for Campania. REFERENCES Beier M., 1973. Neue Funde von Höhlen-Pseudoskorpionen auf Sardinien. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 77: 163-166. Gardini G., 1980. Catalogo degli pseudoscorpioni cavernicoli italiani (Pseudoscorpioni d’Italia. VIII). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 58 (1979): 95-140. Gardini G., 1995a. Pseudoscorpionida, pp. 43-49. In: Massa B. (ed.), Arthropoda di Lampedusa, Linosa e Pantelleria (Canale di Sicilia, Mar Mediterraneo) (Pseudoscorpioni d’Italia. XXX). Il Naturalista Siciliano, 19 (suppl.). Gardini G., 1995b. Arachnida Pseudoscorpionida, pp. 1-8. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 22. Calderini, Bologna. Gardini G., 2000. Catalogo degli Pseudoscorpioni d’Italia (Arachnida). Fragmenta entomologica, 32 (Suppl.): 1-181, 1 tav. Harvey M. S., 1991. Catalogue of the Pseudoscorpionida. Manchester University Press, Manchester & New York, 726 pp.

Sardinia and many small islands. The nomenclature follows Fet & Sissom (2000). Euscorpius flavicaudis flavicaudis (De Geer, 1778) EColata P+ ERimbos P+ TFunivia R+ Euscorpius flavicaudis (fig. 3.1) belongs to the subgenus Tetrathricobothrius due to the presence of 4 trichobothria (+ Et1) on the ventral surface of the pedipalp patella. This scorpion’s habitat range was known to be from sea level to around 600 m a.s.l. (Crucitti et al. 1998), and it is distributed from north to southwestern Italy, including the Tuscan Archipelago and Sardinia (Vignoli & Crucitti 2003). The presence of E. flavicaudis around 1000 meters a.s.l. in the studied area reveals a greater tolerance to temperature than previously known for this species. Euscorpius flavicaudis can also colonize habitats very close to the seashore and is therefore considered a halophilous species (Vachon 1951). It is not a highly specialized taxon. It can be found under bark, rotten trees or stones, but is mostly present in anthropized areas. The species was mentioned by Di Caporiacco (1950) and by Bonacina & Rivellini (1986) for the province of Naples. The latter authors studied a localized oligotrichous morphotype from Salerno that was described as a subspecies: E. flavicaudis cereris Bonacina & Rivellini, 1986. At Portici, on the border of the Park, E. flavicaudis is preyed upon by the little owl (Athene noctua (Scopoli, 1769)) (Moschetti & Mancini 1993).

3. Scorpiones, EUSCORPIIDAE Valerio VIGNOLI Euscorpiidae are hygrophilous and characterized by a significant eurytopic ecology. The genus Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 is comprised of four subgenera (Polythricobothrius Birula, 1917; Tetrathricobothrius Birula, 1917; Euscorpius; Alpiscorpius Gantenbein et al., 1999) and 16 species (Vignoli 2006). It is widespread from the Iberian region to south-western Russia. Euscorpius is considered a complicated taxonomic group with the presence of cryptic species, high polymorphism and several highly localized morphotypes; the taxonomy of this scorpion taxon is still not clear (Fet et al. 2003; Vignoli et al. 2005). In Italy all the subgenera are represented, for a total of 8 species distributed along the entire country including Sicily,

Fig. 3.1. Euscorpius flavicaudis from Porto Ercole (Tuscany, Grosseto province) (photo by V. Vignoli). 385

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REFERENCES Bonacina A. & Rivellini G., 1986. Euscorpius flavicaudis cereris: nuova sottospecie dell’Italia meridionale (Scorpiones, Chactoidae). Rivista del Museo civico di Scienze naturali “Enrico Caffi” (Bergamo), 10: 73-78. Crucitti P., Buccedi S. & Malori M., 1998. Il genere Euscorpius nell’Italia Centrale. La distribuzione nel Lazio (Scorpiones, Chactidae). Bollettino Associazione romana di Entomologia, 53: 1-17. Fet V. & Sissom W.D., 2000. Family Euscorpiidae Laurie, 1896, pp. 355-380. In: Fet V., Sissom W.D., Lowe G. & Braunwalder M.E. (eds.), Catalog of the scorpions of the world (1758-1998). New York Entomological Society New York, NY. Fet V., Soleglad M.E., Gantenbein B., Vignoli V., Salomone N., Fet, E.V. & Schembri P.J., 2003. New molecular and morphological data on the “Euscorpius carpathicus” species complex (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) from Italy, Malta, and Greece justify the elevation of E. c. sicanus (C. L. Kock, 1837) to the species level. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 110 (2): 355379. Moschetti G. & Mancini D., 1993. Dieta della civetta Athene noctua (Scopoli) e sue variazioni stagionali in un parco urbano in ambiente mediterraneo. Gli Uccelli d’Italia, 18: 3-12. Vachon M., 1951. Sur quelques Scorpions “Halophiles” (Microbuthus fagei, Mesobuthus confucius et Euscorpius flavicaudis). Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris), 2e série, 23 (3): 256-260. Vignoli V., 2006. On the traces of Di Caporiacco’s scorpion studies. A complete review with taxonomic re-arrangements of the genus Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae). Unpublished Ph. D. thesis, Università di Siena, 124 pp. Vignoli V. & Crucitti P., 2003. Arachnida, Scorpiones, Palpigradi, Solifugae, Opiliones. In: Stoch F. & Zoia S. (a cura di), Aggiornamenti alla Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana IX. Contributo. Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 134 (3): 279-288. Vignoli V., Salomone N., Caruso T. & Bernini F., 2005. The Euscorpius tergestinus (C.L. Koch, 1837) complex in Italy: biometrics of sympatric hidden species (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae). Zooogischer Anzeiger, 244: 97-113.

CRUSTACEA 4. Order Isopoda, Suborder Oniscidea Alessandro CAMPANARO Isopods are the most diverse taxon of Peracarida, including more than 10,400 species (Schotte 2006) distributed worldwide and mostly marine. The suborder Oniscidea comprises strictly terrestrial species characterized by a broad spectrum of adaptations: they occur in leaf litter, forest canopy, sand, rocks, dead wood, caves and desert habitats, and several species are myrmecophilic. The Italian fauna includes 348 species (Argano et al. 1995). 386

Terrestrial isopods feed on decaying organic matter and play a key role in the soil ecosystem (Paoletti & Hassal 1999). Some species are good biogeographical indicators due to their scarce vagility and restricted ecological valence; others are used as bioindicators of heavy-metal contamination (Hassal et al. 2005). The nomenclature follows Schmalfuss (2003), information about distributional ranges and habitats are taken from Vandel (1960, 1962), Schmalfuss (2003) and personal observations. Prof. R. Argano (Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo, Università degli Studi “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy) is kindly thanked for the determination of the samples. All material is stored in CNBF collection. ARMADILLIDIIDAE Armadillidium sp. Grotticella di Torre del Greco (Brian 1957; Capolongo et al. 1974, as “ Cavità vesuviane di Sud-Ovest 854 Cp”). Armadillidium granulatum Brandt, 1883 Cavità vesuviane di Ovest 849 Cp (Capolongo et al. 1974). Littoral species, but also abundant in piles of stones, old walls and ruins. Mediterranean distribution, from the Atlantic coasts of Portugal to the Aegean Sea, widespread in Italy. Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) Cavità vesuviane di Sud-Ovest 854 Cp (Parenzan 1953, as A. cinereum (Zenker)). Torre del Greco, Grotticella Pineta (Parenzan 1957, as A. cinereum (Zenker)). EColata P+ EPiazz R+ ERimbos P++ OCognoli P++ OVallone P+ SMaria P++ TFunivia R+ Synanthropic species, probably originated in the Mediterranean area, that has been introduced worldwide except in tropical countries. It can adapt to very different habitats, from sea level to 1,500 m, and is

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very resistant to dry conditions.

Porcellio laevis Latreille, 1804

BATHYTROPIDAE

Torre del Greco, Grotticella o Grotta circolare in masseria De Ruggero 847/1 Cp (Parenzan 1953; Brian 1957). Torre del Greco, Grotticella in “Masseria De Ruggero”, 1952, Parenzan legit (Brian 1957; Parenzan 1957). Torre del Greco, sotterraneo di Villa Guerra 874/2 Cp (Parenzan 1953; Brian 1957).

Bathytropa granulata Aubert & Dollfus, 1890 OVallone P+ A rare endogean species, previously known in Italy only from Sicily (Caruso et al. 1987). It prefers dry soils and is distributed along the coasts of the northern European Mediterranean.

Cosmopolitan and synanthropic species, of probable Mediterranean origin.

PHILOSCIIDAE Porcellio prope laevis Latreille, 1804 Chaetophiloscia elongata (Dollfus, 1884) OVallone P+ EColata P+ OVallone P+ This species typically occurs in plain and humid habitats, rarely in forests. Distributed in the Mediterranean region and the Black Sea, widespread in Italy. It is also recorded from Bosco di Portici (Arcangeli 1922, as Philoscia pulchella Budde-Lund), an area near the border of the Park.

A sure identification was not possible because the specimen is damaged. Porcellionides sp. Torre del Greco, Grotticella (Brian 1957). Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt 1833)

Philoscia affinis Verhoeff, 1908

TFunivia R+

EColata P+ ERimbos P+ OVallone P+

Cosmopolitan and synanthropic species also known from Bosco di Portici (Arcangeli 1922). Porcellionides sexfasciatus (Budde-Lund, 1885)

West-Mediterranean species, also present in southern Germany, widespread in Italy from sea level to 1,400 m, typical in dead wood and litter. PORCELLIONIDAE

ERimbos P+ TFunivia R+ Species typical of plain and littoral areas, widespread in Italy and synanthropic.

Porcellio dilatatus Brandt, 1833 TRACHELIPODIDAE Cavità vesuviane di Ovest 849 Cp (Capolongo et al. 1974). Cavità vesuviane di Sud-Ovest 854 Cp (Brian 1959). OVallone P+ This species has a troglophilic ecology and is very common at the entrances of natural and artificial caves, quarries, etc. Rarely, it is also found in open areas under rocks or in the vegetable detritus. Mediterranean species, introduced in North and South America, widespread in Italy.

Protracheoniscus fossuliger (Verhoeff, 1901) ECratere ^R+ ERimbos P+ SMaria P+ This species typically occurs in humid habitats; distributed in southern Europe, from Spain to Greece.

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TRICHONISCIDAE Trichoniscus matulici Verhoeff, 1901 Cavità vesuviane di Sud-Ovest 854 Cp (Brian 1959). Torre del Greco, Grotta della Fontana o del Dragone 193 Cp (Brian 1959). Troglophilic species with a trans-Adriatic distribution: southern Italy, Sicily, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro.

The eleven species listed above are mainly common ones. The only significant datum, in a biogeographical sense, is that referring to Bathytropa granulata. Certainly, the list presented is an under-estimate of the real isopod diversity in the Vesuvius area. This could be due to the sampling method, pitfall traps, which is not appropriate for collecting this group as these traps do not intercept several endogean, myrmecophilic and scarcely mobile species. Further research focused on the study of the isopod fauna in the Vesuvius National Park as well as the entire Campania region is strictly recommended; the available data for this region are in fact scarce and dated. REFERENCES Arcangeli A., 1922. Isopodi terrestri del Museo Zoologico della R. Università di Napoli. Annuario dell’Istituto e del Museo di Zoologia dell’Università di Napoli, n.s., 5: 1-8. Argano R., Ferrara F., Guglielmo L., Riggio S. & Ruffo S., 1995. Crustacea Malacostraca II (Tanaidacea, Isopoda, Amphipoda, Euphausiacea), pp. 1-52. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 30. Calderini, Bologna. Brian A., 1957. Di alcuni Isopodi terrestri cavernicoli raccolti dal Prof. Pietro Parenzan nelle grotte dell’Italia meridionale. Studi speleologici e faunistici sull’Italia meridionale, Supplemento al Bollettino della Società dei Naturalisti di Napoli, 65, 22: 112-125. Brian A., 1959. Di alcuni Isopodi terrestri raccolti in grotte dell’Italia meridionale dal Centro Speleologico meridionale. Studia spelaeologica, 4: 1-14. Capolongo D., Cantilena S. & Panascì R., 1974. Specie cavernicole di Campania. Annuario dell’Istituto e Museo di Zoologia della Università di Napoli, 20: 33-215. Caruso D., Baglieri C., Di Maio M. C., Lombardo B. M., 1987. Isopodi terrestri di Sicilia ed isole circumsiciliane. Animalia, 14, Suppl.: 1-211. Hassal M., Zimmer M.R., Lourerio S., 2005. Questions and possible new directions for research into the biology of terrestrial isopods. European Journal of Soil Biology, 41: 57-61. Paoletti M. & Hassal M., 1999. Woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea):

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their potential for assessing sustainabiliy and use as bioindicators. Agricolture, Ecosystems and Environment, 74: 157-165. Parenzan P., 1953. Stato attuale delle conoscenze sulla speleobiologia dell’Italia meridionale. Premier Congres International de Spéleobiologie, Paris, Tome III, Section, 3: 135-150. Parenzan P., 1957. Primo abbozzo di speleologia vulcanica. Studia spelaeologica, 2: 91-96. Schmalfuss H., 2003. World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, serie A, 654: 1-341. Schotte M., 2006. Roly-Poly Lifestyles. Wings - Essays in Invertebrate Conservation, 29 (2): 22-27. Vandel A., 1960. Faune de France 64. Isopodes terrestres (Première partie). Lechevallier, Paris, 416 pp. Vandel A., 1962. Faune de France 66. Isopodes terrestres (Deuxième partie). Lechevallier, Paris, 417-931.

INSECTA 5. Coleoptera, ANOBIIDAE Gianluca NARDI About 2,200 species of Anobiidae occur worldwide (Philips 2002). The larvae of many species are xylophagous or scavengers. A few species develop in thistle heads, umbellifer stalks, galls, hard fungi, book bindings, stored products (e.g. tobacco, spices, cereals) and in the dung of herbivorous mammals (cf. Español 1992; Philips 2002). From Italy about 190 species of Anobiidae (Ptininae included) are known (cf. Audisio et al. 1995; Zahradník 2005). The nomenclature follows Zahradník (2005), except for Metholcus cylindricus (Germar, 1817) (cf. Nardi & Ratti 1995). Hemicoelus fulvicornis (Sturm, 1837) EOsserv R+ A European species which reachs eastwards the Caucasus and Anatolia; in Italy is recorded from northern and central regions, Campania and Sardinia (cf. Nardi & Zahradník 2004). Its xylophagos larvae develops in dead wood of broadleafs trees (Fagus, Quercus, Corylus, Tilia, Populus, etc.) (cf. Logvinovskij 1985; Español 1992; Nardi & Zahradník 2004). Ptinomorphus angustatus (C. Brisout de Barneville, 1862) SMaria P+ A West-Mediterranean species, its xylophagous larvae

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develops in wood of Ceratonia siliqua and Pistacia lenticus, and probably also of Quercus suber (Español 1992). In the Park, a single specimen was trapped in a chestnut wood. Baudi (1873, as Hedobia angustata Bris.) recorded this species also from Naples environs. Further research in the Park, chiefly by rearing larvae from infested wood, would certainly reveal the presence of other species of this family. For example, for Portici, which is on the border of the Park, the following species are known: Hedobia pubescens (Olivier, 1790) (MDEP: V.1913, L?, 1 ex; IV.1915, L?, 1 ex;, V.1914, L?, Elcio [= Quercus ilex], 3 ex), Metholcus cylindricus (Baudi 1873; CCE: 20.VI.1868, L?, 1 ex; 7.VI.1869, L?, 1 ex) and Oligomerus ptilinoides (Wollaston, 1854) (MDEP: VII.1923, L?, 1 ex; 1923, L?, 1 ex); they, considering their ecology, very probably occurs also in the Park. Moreover, the specimens of Ptinus Linnaeus, 1767 collected, chiefly with pitfall traps, could not be identified before the preparation of this work. REFERENCES Audisio P., Gobbi G., Liberti G. & Nardi G., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga VIII (Bostrichoidea, Cleroidea, Lymexyloidea), pp. 1-27. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 54. Calderini, Bologna. Baudi F., 1873. Catalogo dei Dascillidi, Malacodermi e Terediti della Fauna europea e circummediterranea appartenenti alle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, sez. 1, 4: 226-268. Español F., 1992. Coleoptera, Anobiidae. In: Ramos M.A. et al. (eds.), Fauna Ibérica, vol. 2. Museo Natcional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, 195 pp. Nardi G. & Ratti E., 1995. Coleoptera Lyctidae, Bostrychidae e Anobiidae di Pantelleria e Lampedusa, pp. 477-492. In: Massa B. (ed.), Arthropoda di Lampedusa, Linosa e Pantelleria (Canale di Sicilia, Mar Mediterraneo). Il Naturalista siciliano, 19 (Suppl.). Nardi G. & Zahradník P., 2004. Bostrichidae and Anobiidae (Coleoptera), pp. 125-139. In: Cerretti P., Hardersen S., Mason F., Nardi G., Tisato M. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana, Secondo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 3. Cierre Grafica Editore, Verona. Logvinovskij V.D., 1985. Fauna of the USSR. Insecta Coleoptera XIV 2 Family Anobiidae [In Russian]. Ed. Nauka, Leningrad, 175 pp. Philips T.K., 2002. 70. Anobiidae Fleming 1821, pp. 245-260. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Zahradník P., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Anobiidae. In: Audisio P.

(ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org

6. Coleoptera, ANTHICIDAE Gianluca NARDI Anthicidae is a fairly large family of Tenebrionoidea, with over 3,000 species worldwide (Chandler 2002). They are active, small beetles (body length of Italian species: 1.8-6 mm) with, generally, a characteristic ant-like appearance. The Italian fauna includes about 108 species (Nardi 2004 and unpublished). Information on the distribution and ecology of the listed species is taken, unless otherwise specified, from Bucciarelli (1980), Bonadona (1991) and Nardi (2004). Microhoria fasciata fasciata (Chevrolat, 1834) EGinestre1 R++ Species (fig. 6.1) recorded from Spain, southern France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Croatia, Greece and Morocco. In Italy it is known from all mainland regions, whereas records from Sardinia and Sicily

Fig. 6.1. Microhoria fasciata fasciata from Ercolano (x 30.5) (photo by P. Cerretti).

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are doubtful. It is the commonest and most widespread Italian species of the genus and prefers hilly and mountain regions, living on different genera of broadleaved trees (Quercus, Corylus, Alnus etc.) and on grass of mountain meadows, grasslands, where it is abundant chiefly in spring. In the above locality the species was common and was collected by sweeping Poaceae. In the Naples province it was recorded from Naples (LaFerté-Sénectère 1849, as Anthicus fasciatus) and Monte Nuovo (Krekich-Strassoldo 1929, as A. fasciatus; Uhmann 1985, as Microhoria fasciata). Notoxus trifasciatus (Rossi, 1792) Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Baudi et al. 1882, as Notoxus cornutus Fabr.). SMaria2 R+ This species (fig. 6.2) is widespread in central European and Mediterranean countries; eastwards seems to reaches Caucasia (cf. Bucciarelli 1980), Iran, Kazakistan (Jacobson 1913), Uzbekistan (Hauser 1894) and Kyrgyzstan (Ovtchinnikov 1996). In Italy it is

Fig. 6.2. Notoxus trifasciatus from Somma Vesuviana (x 21.3) (photo by D. Avesani).

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recorded from all regions. It lives on various plants (Populus spp., Salix spp., Tamarix spp., Apiaceae), chiefly in coastal and subcoastal areas and along water courses. It was collected also near the border of the Park (MDEP: Portici, Parco, 14.VII.1916, L?, 7 ex; Sarno, 22.V.1934, L?, 1 ex). Already Costa (1843: 52, as “Monoceri … cornutus”) recorded this species from the surroundings of Naples. Another four species are recorded from Portici: Anthicus tristis tristis Schmidt, 1842 (CCE: 20.VII.1868, L?, 1 ex), a Turano-Mediterranean species linked chiefly, in Italy, to sandy terrains, Omonadus floralis (Linnaeus, 1758) (CCE: 8.VIII.1868, L?, 1 ex) and O. formicarius formicarius (Goeze, 1777) (MDEP: Parco, 22.VII.1916, L?, 1 ex), two cosmopolitan anthropophilous species, and Tomoderus italicus Marseul, 1879 (Baudi 1877, 1878 in both cases as T. piochardi Heyden, 1871; Marseul, 1879; CEM: 25.VI.1869, L?, 1 ex), an Italian endemic which lives chiefly in the leaf litter of hardwood forests (Nardi, unpublished). These species, considering their ecology, probably occur also in the Park. REFERENCES Chandler D.S., 2002. 117. Anthicidae Latreille 1817, pp. 549-558. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Baudi F., 1877. Eteromeri delle famiglie susseguenti a quella dei Tenebrioniti nei limiti della fauna Europea e Circummediterranea. Atti della reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 12: 571-729. Baudi F., 1878. Europaeae et Circummediterraneae Faunae Heteromerorum specierum, quae Comes Dejean in suo Catalogo, edito 3a, consignavit, ex ejusdem collectione in R. Taurinensi Musaeo asservata, cum auctorum hodierne recepta denominatione collatio. Pars. Quinta. Anthicidae. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 22 (1): 1-20. Baudi F., Piccioli F. & Cavanna G., 1882. Ordo. Coleoptera, pp. 63-91. In: Al Vulture ed al Pollino - Parte II Catalogo degli animali raccolti al Vulture, al Pollino ed in altri luoghi dell’Italia meridionale e centrale. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 14. Bonadona P., 1991. Les Anthicides de la Faune de France (Coleoptera). Société Linnéenne de Lyon, Lyon, 155 pp. Bucciarelli I., 1980. Fauna d’Italia XVII. Coleoptera, Anthicidae. Calderini, Bologna, VIII + 240 pp. Hauser F., 1894. Beitrag zur Coleopteren-Fauna von Transcaspien und Turkestan. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 1894: 17-74, pl. I. LaFerté-Sénectère F.T. (de), 1849. Monographie des Anthicus et genres voisins, Coléoptères Hétéromères de la tribu des Trachélides. De Sapia, Paris, 22 + 340 pp., pls. 17-32. Nardi G., 2004. Fauna Europaea: Anthicidae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea

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version 1.1, http://www.faunaeur.org. (accessed June 2007) Krekich-Strassoldo H., 1929. Revision der paläarktischen Anthicus-Arten der Gruppe “Bifossicolles” (Gruppe XVIII in Marseuls Monographie). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 15 (4): 151-189. Ovtchinnikov S.V., 1996. Anthicidae, pp. 158-159. In: Tarbinsky Yu. S. (ed.), Superclassis Hexapoda (Enthognatha and Insecta). Shukurov E.D., Vorobiev G.G., Matyashov V.D., Sultanova B.A. & Tarbinsky Yu. S. (eds.), Genetical Fund Cadastre of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, 3. Marseul (de) S., 1879. Monographie des Anthicides de l’AncienMonde. L’Abeille, 17: 1-268, 2 pls. Uhmann G., 1985. Paläarktische Anthiciden (Coleoptera) des Ungarischen Naturwissenschaftlichen Museums Budapest. Folia entomologica hungarica, 46 (1): 177-203.

7. Coleoptera, BRUCHIDAE Marcello F. ZAMPETTI This family of chrysomeloid beetles includes about 1,350 species in all continents except Antarctica and New Zealand; the larvae of all species feed within seeds of various types (Kingsolver 2002). The Italian fauna includes about 72 species (Biondi et al. 1995). Bruchidius fasciatus (Olivier, 1795) BBoscot1 R+ EGinestre1 R+ SMaria1 R+ Bruchidius lividimanus (Gyllenhal, 1833) EGinestre1 R+

Bruchus laticollis Bohemann, 1833 EOsserv R+ SMaria1 R+ TFunivia R+ Spermophagus calystegiae (Luk’yanovich & TerMinasyan, 1957) SMaria1 R+ Eight species are here recorded for the Park, all common and widespread in Italy and the Mediterranean region (cf. Biondi et al. 1995; Ricchi & Zampetti 2007). Further species may well be found in the Park as their ecological and trophic needs are perfectly compatible with the vegetation of the area. REFERENCES Biondi M., Daccordi M., Regalin R. & Zampetti M., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XV (Chrysomelidae, Bruchidae). In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 61. Calderini, Bologna. Kingsolver J.M., 2002. 121. Bruchidae Latreille 1802, pp. 602-608. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Ricci M.S. & Zampetti M.F., 2007. Contributo alla conoscenza dei Bruchidi del Nord Africa e delle Isole Canarie (Coleoptera Bruchidae). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 139 (1): 43-57.

8. Coleoptera, CHRYSOMELIDAE Paola D’ALESSANDRO

Bruchidius meleagrinus (Gené, 1839) EColata R+ EGinestre1 R+ Bruchidius mulsanti (Brisout, 1863) SMaria1 R+ Bruchidius nudus (Allard, 1868) SMaria1 R+ Bruchidius seminarius (Linnaeus, 1767) BBoscot1 R+ EColata R+ EGinestre1 R+

The Chrysomelidae comprise, at the present state of knowledge, approximately 40,000 species distributed in all zoogeographic regions and occurring in all habitats in which vegetation grows (Jolivet 1997). They are in fact phytophagous insects nearly exclusively associated with phanerogamous plants (just a few species feed on mosses or horse-tails); in the adult stage they feed mainly on foliar parenchyma or other tissues rich in chlorophyll, more rarely on flower tissues. The larvae sometimes have different feeding habits than the adults: they either feed on roots or are saprophagous or myrmecophilous. At European latitudes the period of activity and reproduction of most species coincides with the maximum-growth period of their host-plants. Larvae and adults are generally active during the daytime, especially during the hottest hours of the day (Jolivet 1997). Based on data from the recent literature and unpub391

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lished data, the Italian fauna comprises at least 830 species of Chrysomelidae (M. Biondi, unpublished). Provided hereunder is a list of the Chrysomelidae recorded so far from the Vesuvius National Park on the basis of carefully selected literature data and previously unpublished material. Species are listed in alphabetical order and for each one the chorotype is given according to the criteria suggested by Vigna Taglianti et al. (1993, 1999), together with information on host- and food-plants. The nomenclature follows the most recent literature referring to Palaearctic chrysomelids (Warchalowski 2003; Biondi 2005; Sassi 2005). The nomenclature of plant families was taken from Conti (1998). Chrysolina geminata (Paykull, 1799) Vesuvius, W slope, caldera edge, 1230 m ca, 20.XI.1995, P. Whitehead leg. (Whitehead 2000). EOsserv R+ Species assignable to the central European chorotype, distributed in middle Europe down to France, peninsular Italy, Bulgaria and Albania (cf. Daccordi & Ruffo 2005). It is monophagous on Hypericum perforatum (Guttiferae) (cf. Bourdonné & Doguet 1991). The systematic status of this and other closely related taxa is still poorly defined and awaits further investigation (Daccordi & Ruffo 2005). Chrysolina hyperici (Forster, 1771) Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 28.VIII.1855 (Costa 1857: 41, as Chrysomela fucata, Olivier). Sibero-European species (cf. Daccordi & Ruffo 2005), monophagous on plants of the genus Hypericum (Guttiferae) (cf. D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005). Chrysolina lutea (Petagna, 1819) Pugliano (Gridelli 1950, as Chrysomela lutea). Resina (Gridelli 1950). Torre del Greco (Gridelli 1950). S-European species known from peninsular Italy, Sicily, Corfu (Greece) and southern Albania, but its occurence in these last two countries could be due to accidental introduction (Daccordi & Ruffo 2005). The species feeds on Lamiaceae (cf. Bourdonné & Doguet 1991). Gridelli (1950) recorded it also from Pompeii, which is near the border of the Park. 392

Chrysomela populi Linnaeus, 1758 Vesuvio, “numerosissima sulle lave fin presso il cono”, 7.VII.1880 (Baudi et al. 1882: 79, as Melasoma populi Linn.). Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 28.VIII.1855 (Costa 1857: 41, as Lina populi Fab.). Vesuvio, 10.VII.1895, “grande quantità di coleotteri (Lina populi), i più svolazzanti, altri si accumulavano intorno alle piccole fumarole” (Franco & Galdieri 1895: 202). Vesuvio, “intorno alle fumarole del cono vesuviano”, 1895 (Galdieri 1913: 41, as Lina populi Fabricius). SMaria2 R+ Species assignable to the Palaearctic chorotype (cf. Warchalowski 2003; D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005) and associated with Salicaceae, Betulaceae, Ranunculaceae and Rhamnaceae (cf. D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005). Clytra laeviuscula Ratzeburg, 1837 EVesuv R+ SaOlivella R+ SMaria2 R+ Species assignable to the Palaearctic chorotype (cf. Warchałowski 2003; D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005) and normally associated with Salicaceae, although it has also been found on Rosaceae (Prunus), Leguminoseae (Dorycnium) and Oleaceae (Fraxinus) (cf. Müller 1953; D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005). Coptocephala scopolina kuesteri Kraatz, 1872 EGinestre1 R+ EVesuv R+ Species belonging to the European chorotype, distributed in central and southern Europe (cf. Petitpierre 2000; D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005) and associated with Apiaceae and Asteraceae (cf. D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005). Specimens examined during this study belong to the subspecies kuesteri, as the nominal subspecies only occurs along the western and eastern borders of Italy (cf. Biondi et al. 1995). Cryptocephalus bimaculatus Fabricius, 1781 Vesuvio (Luigioni 1929). TFunivia R+

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A W-Mediterranean species present in southern France and peninsular Italy; in southern mainland Italy it is recorded only from Vesuvius and Sila (Calabria) (cf. Warchałowski 2003; Sassi 2005). Species found on Leguminoseae and plants of the genus Lavandula (Lamiaceae) (cf. Burlini 1956; Bourdonné 1994). Cryptocephalus etruscus Sassi, 1995 TFunivia R+

Cryptocephalus samniticus Leonardi & Sassi, 2001 BBoscot1 R+ EColata R+ EGigante R+ EGinestre1 R+ ERimbos R+ EVesuv R+ SMaria R+ SMaria2 R+ TFunivia R+

Species recently separated from C. ilicis Olivier, 1808, from which it differs solely by the morphology of the medial lobe of aedeagus (Sassi 1995). It occurs in the most typically Mediterranean areas of central and southern Italy, and is an Apennine endemic (cf. Sassi 2005) probably assignable to the S-European chorotype; old records of C. ilicis for France and Spain still remain to be verified (Sassi 1995).

Species recently described in the framework of a revision of the C. hypochoeridis (Linnaeus, 1758) group (Leonardi & Sassi 2001). It is an Apennine endemic assignable to the S-European chorotype (cf. Sassi, 2005), and is associated with Asteraceae (cf. D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005).

Cryptocephalus fulvus (Goeze, 1777)

EOsserv R+

Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Baudi et al. 1882, as Cryptocephalus fulvus Goeze = minutus Fabr.). SCavone R+

This species is probably assignable to the Centralasiatic-European chorotype (cf. Warchałowski 2003); it occurs from western Europe to central Asia.

Galeruca interrupta Illiger, 1802

Galeruca littoralis (Fabricius, 1787) W-Palaearctic species (cf. Sassi 2005), widely polyphagous on Asteraceae, Betulaceae, Corylaceae, Lamiaceae, Leguminoseae, Plumbaginaceae, Salicaceae, Apiaceae (cf. D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005). Burlini (1956) recorded this species also from the environs of Pompeii, just outside the Park. Cryptocephalus macellus Suffrian, 1860

Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 28.VIII.1855 (Costa 1857: 41, as Adimonia littoralis, Fabricius). E-Mediterranean species (cf. Warchałowski 2003) occurring also in Dalmatia, Greece and Crete; it has been observed on Lamiaceae of the genera Satureja and Thymus (Müller 1953).

Torre del Greco (Burlini 1956: 225). Galeruca pomonae (Scopoli, 1763) Turanic-European-Mediterranean species (cf. Sassi 2005) found on the genera Quercus (Fagaceae), Rumex (Polygonaceae), Prunus (Rosaceae) and Cistus (Cistaceae) (cf. Müller 1953; Petitpierre 2000). Cryptocephalus marginatus Fabricius, 1781

SaTrocchia R+ Centralasiatic-European species (cf. Warchałowski 2003) distributed from Portugal and Ireland to central Asia; it feeds on Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Brassicaceae (cf. D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005).

SMaria2 R+ Galerucella lineola (Fabricius, 1781) Species assignable to the European chorotype (cf. Sassi 2005) and associated to trees of the genera Betula (Betulaceae), Quercus (Fagaceae) and Salix (Salicaceae) (cf. Petitpierre 2000).

Vesuvio, cratere, 4.V.2000, A. Mascagni leg., 7 ex (A. Mascagni, pers. comm.). OSom3 R+

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Hispa atra Linnaeus, 1767

type (cf. Biondi 2005), monophagous on plants of the genus Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) (cf. Biondi 1996). The Italian distribution of L. australis still needs outlining in detail. The record from the Vesuvius, a single female, is so far the southernmost for this species in Italy (cf. Biondi 2005).

OSom3 R+

Longitarsus cerinthes (Schrank, 1798)

Species assignable to the W-Palaearctic chorotype (cf. Warchałowski 2003) and associated to Poaceae (cf. D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005).

BBoscot1 R+

Palaearctic species (cf. Warchałowski 2003) showing a preference for the genus Salix (Salicaceae), less frequently feeding on Populus (Salicaceae), Corylus (Corylaceae) and Alnus (Betulaceae) (cf. Müller 1953).

Lachnaia italica Weise, 1881

European-Mediterranean species (cf. Biondi 2005) feeding on various species of Boraginaceae (cf. Doguet 1994).

EGigante R+ EGinestre1 R+ SMaria P+

Longitarsus monticola Kutschera, 1863

Species assignable to the S-European chorotype (cf. Regalin 2002), mainly feeding on the genera Rubus and Rosa (Rosaceae) but also recorded on Quercus (Fagaceae) (Müller 1953). It can develop on cultivated Rosaceae where its habitual host-plants are lacking (Regalin 2002).

Centralasiatic-European species (cf. Biondi 2005), monophagous on plants of the genus Symphytum (Boraginaceae) (cf. Biondi 1996). Although L. monticola is widespread, it had previously been recorded in Italy only from the Sirente-Velino mountains (Abruzzi) (cf. Biondi 2005; D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005). In fact, the species was only recently separated from L. curtus (Allard, 1860) (Döberl 1995) and its Italian distribution still needs widely defining.

Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say, 1824) Vesuvio, cratere, XII.1985, teste M. Mei (M. Mei, pers. comm.). Species originally from North America, well-known for the damage it causes to potato crops. In Campania, where it was first recorded in 1956 (Melis 1957: XIII), its biology has been studied in depth (Tremola 1969; Priore & Tremola 1971). It feeds on various species of Solanaceae, both spontaneous and cultivated, but occasionally also attacks species of Brassica (Brassicaceae) (Müller 1953).

OCognoli P+

Longitarsus ochroleucus (Marsham, 1802) OCognoli R+ European-Mediterranean species (cf. Biondi 2005) associated with various species of Asteraceae (cf. Biondi 1996). Longitarsus succineus (Foudras, 1860) SCavone R+

Lilioceris lilii (Scopoli, 1763) Resina (Melis 1953).

Palaearctic species (cf. Biondi 2005), polyphagous on Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Convolvulaceae, Lamiaceae and Plantaginaceae (cf. Biondi 1996).

Species assignable to the Palaearctic chorotype (cf. Warchałowski 2003) and associated with both spontaneous and cultivated Liliaceae (cf. Ruffo 1964).

Pachybrachis ruffoi Burlini, 1956 SMaria1 R+

Longitarsus australis (Mulsant & Rey, 1874) EGuide R+ Species probably assignable to the S-European choro394

S-European species endemic of the Apennines, occurring in central-southern Italy and Sicily (cf. Sassi 2005).

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Pachybrachis exclusus etruscus Weise, 1886

maceae) (cf. Biondi 1990).

EGinestre1 R+, #R+ EMsom R+ OSom3 R+

Smaragdina aurita (Linnaeus, 1767)

S-European species (cf. Burlini 1968; Sassi 2005). Populations of the Vesuvius National Park belong to the subspecies etruscus, an Alpine-Apennine endemic widespread in Italy, whereas the nominal subspecies occurs only in Liguria (cf. Sassi 2005).

Sibero-European species associated to trees of the genera Alnus (Betulaceae) and Corylus (Corylaceae) (cf. Petitpierre 2000).

Psylliodes attenuatus (Koch, 1803) Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880 (Baudi et al. 1882: 80, as P. attenuata Illiger var.).

“Monte Vesuvio, 600 m, 2000, Coll. Biondi” (Biondi 2005). EOsserv R+ TFunivia R+

Asiatic-European species (cf. Biondi 2005) feeding on Cannabinaceae and Urticaceae (cf. Doguet 1994).

European-Mediterranean species (cf. Biondi 2005) feeding on a variety of Asteraceae (cf. Doguet 1994).

Psylliodes chrysocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Xanthogaleruca luteola (O.F. Müller, 1766)

Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 28.VIII.1855 (Costa 1857: 41, as P. chrysocephala Lin.). EOsserv R+

Boscoreale, 1904 (Silvestri 1910: 276, as Galerucella luteola). EGinestre0 R+

W-Palaearctic species (cf. Biondi 2005) feeding on many species of Brassicaceae (cf. Doguet 1994).

Species assignable to the Centralasiatic-European chorotype (cf. Warchałowski 2003), monophagous on Ulmus (Ulmaceae) (cf. Silvestri 1910; Müller 1953). It was recorded also from Portici (Silvestri 1910).

Psylliodes instabilis Foudras, 1860 BBoscot1 R+ EGinestre0 R+ EGuide R+ OSom3 R+ OVallone R+ TFunivia R+ European species (cf. Biondi 2005) associated to the Brassicaceae (cf. Doguet 1994). Psylliodes napi (Fabricius, 1792) SMaria1 R+ European species (cf. Biondi 2005) associated to the Brassicaceae (cf. Doguet 1994). Psylliodes obscuroaeneus Rosenhauer, 1856 OSom3 R+ W-Mediterranean species (Biondi 2005) associated with Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) and Ulmus spp. (Ul-

EGinestre1 R+

Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graells, 1858)

Thirty-five species of Chrysomelidae, one of which introduced, are reported here for the Vesuvius National Park. Other species such as Cryptocephalus renatae Sassi, 2001 (cf. Sassi 2005), Longitarsus ballotae (Marsham, 1802) and L. membranaceus (Foudras, 1860) (cf. Biondi 2005) have been recorded from Portici and are surely present also within the Park. Considering the results obtained from analyses of other chrysomelid assemblages in peninsular Italy (cf. Biondi & De Nardis 2001; D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005), the amount of species collected and of specimens for each species are largely underestimated in relation to the size of the study area. In fact, most were collected by chance and specific sampling of leaf beetles was never carried out in the Vesuvius area. However, despite the incompleteness of the data, the chrysomelid assemblage of the Park appears to be largely represented by species widely distributed in the Palaearctic (over 57.1% of the species recorded); the European component sensu lato is represented by 34.3% of species, whereas strictly Mediterranean species account for 8.6% of the recorded taxa. No 395

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species of particular faunistic interest were found except for a few exceptions such as Longitarsus australis and L. monticola. Possible future investigations will surely sensibly increase the amount of chrysomelid species known from the Vesuvius National Park, particularly within the subfamily Alticinae (the most abundant and widespread subfamily of Chrysomelidae, especially in Europe (cfr. Petitpierre 2000; Biondi & De Nardis 2001; D’Alessandro & Biondi 2005)); further investigations would also provide a more accurate estimate of species’ richness and population sizes, as well as a more precise picture of the zoogeographic features of the assemblage. I thank Maurizio Biondi (Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Italy) for his precious advice and help with the identification of critical species. REFERENCES Baudi F., Piccioli F. & Cavanna G., 1882. Ordo. Coleoptera, pp. 63-91. In: Al Vulture ed al Pollino - Parte II Catalogo degli animali raccolti al Vulture, al Pollino ed in altri luoghi dell’Italia meridionale e centrale. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 14. Biondi M. & De Nardis G., 2001. I Coleoptera Chrysomelidae del massiccio del Gran Sasso d’Italia, pp. 35-54. In: Cicolani B. (ed.), Monitoraggio biologico del Gran Sasso, 2. Consorzio di Ricerca “Gran Sasso” & Università degli Studi dell’Aquila (Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali). Andromeda, Colledara - Teramo. Biondi M., 1990. Elenco commentato dei Crisomelidi Alticini della fauna italiana (Coleoptera). Fragmenta entomologica, 22 (1): 109-183. Biondi M., 1996. Proposal for an ecological and zoogeographical categorization of the Mediterranean species of the flea beetle genus Longitarsus Berthold, pp. 13-35. In: Jolivet P.H.A. & Cox M.L. (eds.), Chrysomelidae biology, 3, General Studies. SPV Academic Publishing bv, Amsterdam. Biondi M., 2005. Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Alticinae, pp. 227-229. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD. Biondi M., Daccordi M., Regalin R. & Zampetti M., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XV (Chrysomelidae, Bruchidae). In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 61. Calderini, Bologna. Bourdonné J.C., 1994. Les Cryptocephalus rouges ouest méditerranéens du groupe de C. bimaculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae). Nouvelle Revue d’Entomologie (N.S.), 11 (2): 185-209. Bourdonné J.C. & Doguet S., 1991. Données sur la biosystématique des Chrysolina l. s. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N. S.), 27 (1): 29-64. Burlini M., 1956. Revisione dei Cryptocephalus italiani e della maggior parte delle specie di Europa (Col. Chrysomelidae). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 34: 5-287.

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Burlini M., 1968. Revisione delle specie italiane e della maggior parte delle specie europee del genere Pachybrachis Chevr. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) XXII Contributo alla conoscenza dei Cryptocephalini. Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 47: 11-116. Conti F., 1998. Flora d’Abruzzo. Elenco sistematico delle piante vascolari presenti in Abruzzo. Bocconea, 10: 1-273. Costa A., 1857. Osservazioni sugl’insetti che si rinvengono morti nelle fumarole del Vesuvio. Il Giambatista Vico, Giornale scientifico, 1: 39-44. D’Alessandro P. & Biondi M., 2005. La taxocenosi a Coleoptera Chrysomelidae (Insecta) nel comprensorio montuoso del Sirente-Velino: analisi storica ed ecologica dei popolamenti delle praterie secondarie, con particolare riguardo all’Altopiano delle Rocche, pp. 85-111. In: Tamburini G. (ed.), Altipiani. Modelli di monitoraggio e pianificazione dei sistemi territoriali dell’Appennino centrale. Gangemi Editore, Roma. Daccordi M. & Ruffo S., 2005. Considerazioni biogeografiche sulle Chrysolina delle province appenninica e sicula con descrizione di Chrysolina (Stichoptera) bourdonnei n. sp. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Studi Trentini di Scienze naturali, Acta biologica, 81 (2004): 113-127. Döberl M., 1995. Beitrag zur Kenntnis einiger mitteleuropäischer Alticinen (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticinae). Entomologische Blätter, 91: 40-42. Doguet S., 1994. Faune de France. 80. Coleoptères Chrysomelidae. Volume 2 Alticinae. Fédération française des Sociétés de Sciences naturelles, Paris, IX + 687 pp. Franco P. & Galdieri A., 1895. L’eruzione del Vesuvio nel mese di luglio del 1895. Bollettino della Società Alpina meridionale, 3 (3): 194-204. Galdieri A., 1913. Fiori, insetti e fumarole (Tornata del 26 giugno 1913). Bollettino dei Naturalisti di Napoli (ser. 2), 26 (6): 39-43. Gridelli E., 1950. Il problema delle specie a diffusione transadriatica con particolare riguardo ai Coleotteri. Memorie di Biogeografia adriatica, 1: 7-299. Jolivet P., 1997. Biologie des Coléoptères Chrysomélides. Société nouvelle des Éditions Boubée, Paris, 279 pp., 16 pls. Leonardi C. & Sassi D., 2001. Studio critico sulle specie di Cryptocephalus del gruppo hypochaeridis (Linnaeus, 1758) e sulle forme ad esse attribuite (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae). Atti della Società italiana di Scienze naturali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 142 (1): 3-96. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimicotopografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Melis A., 1957. Elenco delle principali specie animali che hanno prodotto infestazioni degne di nota in Italia durante l’anno 1956. Redia, 42 (Appendice): III-XVII. Müller G., 1953. I Coleotteri della Venezia Giulia, 2. Coleoptera Phytophaga (Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Bruchidae). Centro Sperimentale Agrario e Forestale, Trieste, 685 pp. Petitpierre, E., 2000. Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae I. In: Ramos M.A. et al. (eds.), Fauna Iberica, vol. 13. Museo national de Ciencias naturales, CSIC, Madrid, 521 pp. Priore R. & Tremola E., 1971. Comportamento biologico della Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Dorifora della patata) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Campania negli anni 19691970. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria “Filippo Silvestri”, 29: 286-304. Regalin R., 2002. Note geonemiche, ecologiche e tassonomiche sui

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Clytrinae dell’area mediterranea (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Entomologica basiliensia, 24: 271-279. Ruffo S., 1964. Contributi alla conoscenza della distribuzione dei Coleotteri Crisomelidi nella regione appenninica, 1. Orsodacnini, Donaciini, Criocerini. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 12: 41-96. Sassi D., 1995. Cryptocephalus etruscus Suffrian dell’Italia peninsulare, specie vicina a Cryptocephalus ilicis Olivier (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Cryptocephalinae). Giornale italiano di Entomologia, 7: 187-193. Sassi D., 2005. Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Cryptocephalinae, pp. 223-225. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD. Silvestri F., 1910. Contribuzioni alla conoscenza degli insetti e dei loro simbionti. I. Galerucella dell’olmo (Galerucella luteola Mull.). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 4: 243-288. Tremola E., 1969. La biologia della dorifora (Chrysomela decemlineata Say) in alcune zone della Campania. Nota preliminare. L’Italia agricola, 106 (12): 5-17. Vigna Taglianti A., Audisio, P. A., Belfiore C., Biondi M., Bologna M. A., Carpaneto G. M., De Biase A., De Felici S., Piattella E., Racheli T., Zapparoli M. & Zoia S., 1993. Riflessioni di gruppo sui corotipi fondamentali della fauna W-paleartica ed in particolare italiana. Biogeographia, Lavori della Società italiana di Biogeografia (n.s.), 16 (1992): 159-179. Vigna Taglianti A., Audisio P.A., Biondi M., Bologna M.A., Carpaneto G.M., De Biase A., Fattorini S., Piattella E., Sindaco R., Venchi A. & Zapparoli M., 1999. A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic region. Biogeographia, Lavori della Società italiana di Biogeografia (n.s.), 20: 31-59. Warchalowski A., 2003. Chrysomelidae. The leaf-beetles of Europe and the Mediterranean area. Natura Optima dux Foundation, Warszawa, 600 pp., 56 pls. Whitehead P.F., 2000. Coleoptera from the lapilli-beds of Mt Vesuvius, Italy (Insecta). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 132 (1): 23-28.

9. Coleoptera, CRYPTOPHAGIDAE Fernando ANGELINI, José Carlos OTERO Cryptophagidae are small (body length 0.8-5.2 mm) typically microphagous beetles occurring in decaying habitats and which promote fungal growth. There are about 600 species described worldwide (cf. Leschen & Skelley 2002), 135 of which occur in Italy (Otero et al. 2005).

Near East; a record from Siberia needs confirming (cf. Otero et al. 2005). In Italy it is known from almost all regions (Luigioni 1929; Angelini 2005). It is frequently found in vegetal detritus (decaying leaves, almond skins, detritus at the edge of marshes, etc.) and under stones in humid meadows (Fowler 1889; Angelini & Otero, unpublished). Cryptophagus cellaris (Scopoli, 1763) Torre del Greco, sottosuolo di Villa Guerra 874/2 Cp (Parenzan 1953, as Crystophagus [sic!] cellaris; Capolongo et al. 1974). A Cosmopolitan species occurring in nearly the whole of Europe and recorded from nearly all Italian regions (cf. Otero et al. 2005; Angelini 2005). It is found in nests of hymenopterans, houses and caves (Woodroffe 1953). Cryptophagus dentatus (Herbst, 1793) SMaria P+ Holarctic species (cf. Otero et al. 2005), recorded from all Italian regions (cf. Angelini 2005). It is found under bark, in fungi (Donisthorpe 1939) and in vegetal detritus mainly consisting of dead leaves (Angelini & Otero, unpublished). Russo (1939) recorded it also from Portici, on the border of the Park, and described its preimmaginal stages. Cryptophagus lycoperdi (Scopoli, 1763) ERimbos P+ OCognoli P+ OVallone mc+ Holarctic species (cf. Otero et al. 2005), recorded from almost all Italian regions (cf. Angelini 2005). It is found in fungi (Coombs & Woodroffe 1955) and among dead leaves in broadleaved woods; it is frequently collected with vinegar-baited pitfall traps (Angelini & Otero, unpublished). Cryptophagus pallidus Sturm, 1845

OCognoli P+

ERimbos P+ OCognoli P++ OVallone mc+ SMaria R+, P++

Species recorded from Europe, Northern Africa and

Palaeartic species (cf. Otero et al. 2005), recorded

Atomaria atricapilla Stephens, 1830

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in Italy from all regions except Molise (cf. Angelini 2005). It is frequently collected in vegetal detritus and with vinegar-baited pitfall traps (Angelini & Otero, unpublished). Cryptophagus pilosus Gyllenhal, 1828 OCognoli P+ OVallone mc+ SMaria P++ Cosmopolitan species which does not occur in the Neotropical and Oriental regions (cf. Otero et al. 2005), common throughout Italy and its islands (Porta 1949; Angelini 2005). It is found in mammals’ and ants’ nests (Falcoz 1924), in caves, fungi, all sorts of vegetal detritus and is frequently collected in vinegarbaited pitfall traps (Angelini & Otero, unpublished). Cryptophagus scanicus (Linnaeus, 1758) OCognoli P++ SMaria P++ Holarctic species (cf. Otero et al. 2005), common in the whole of Italy and its islands (cf. Porta 1949; Angelini 2005); also recorded from Portici (Angelini 2005). It is found under bark, among dead leaves in woods, in detritus on the banks of rivers and ponds; common in vinegar-baited pitfall traps (Hinton 1945; Angelini & Otero, unpublished). Russo (1926, as C. scanicus var. patruelis Sturm, 1845) described its larva from specimens from Sicily. Cryptophagus thomsoni Reitter, 1875 OCognoli P++ SMaria P+ Species of Palaearctic distribution (cf. Otero et al. 2005), common in the whole of Italy and its islands (Porta 1949; Angelini 2005; Angelini & Otero, unpublished). It is found under bark and in all sorts of vegetal detritus (Falcoz 1924), but it is more frequent among dead leaves in woods and is rare under stones in humid meadows; it is abundant in vinegar-baited pitfall traps (Angelini & Otero, unpublished). Micrambe villosus (Heer, 1841) OMsom R+ Palaearctic species (cf. Otero et al. 2005), known in 398

Italy from Liguria, Piedmont, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Elba Island, Umbria, Abruzzi, Latium, Basilicata, Apulia, Sicily and Sardinia (cf. Angelini 2005). New for Campania. It occurs on flowers of Carduaceae (Coombs & Woodroffe 1954) and vegetal detritus (especially dead leaves), rarely under stones in humid meadows and in vinegar-baited pitfall traps (Angelini & Otero, unpublished). Only 9 species of this family are recorded from the Vesuvius National Park; further research would certainly reveal the presence of other species: e.g. Cryptophagus postpositus J. Sahlberg, 1903 recorded from Portici (Angelini 2005) and other species of the same genus known from the Naples area (Angelini 2005). Whitehead (2000) referred an old record of Cercyon haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1775) (Hydrophilidae) from Vesuvius to Ephistemus sp., probably E. globulus (Paykull, 1798) (Cryptophagidae). This opinion is not followed here (see also Nardi & Rocchi 2007). REFERENCES Angelini F., 2005. Insecta Coleoptera Cryptophagidae, pp. 215216. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD. Capolongo D., Cantilena S. & Panascì R., 1974. Specie cavernicole di Campania. Annuario dell’Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell’Università di Napoli, 20: 33-215. Coombs C.W. & Woodroffe G.E., 1955. A revision of the British species of Cryptophagus (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Cryptophagidae). The Transactions of the royal entomological Society of London, 106: 237-282. Donisthorpe H., 1939. A preliminary list of the Coleoptera of Windsor Forest. Nathaniel, London, 126 pp. Falcoz L., 1924. Etudes sur les Cryptophaginae. IV. Essai sur les larves de Cryptophagus. Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, 71: 120-127. Fowler W.W., 1889. The Coleoptera of the British Islands. Vol. III. Lowell Reeve & Co., London, 399 pp. Hinton H.E., 1945. A monograph of the beetles associated with stored products. Volume 1. British Museun (Natural History), London, I-VIII + 443 pp. Leschen R.A.B. & Skelley P.E., 2002. 85. Cryptophagidae Kirby 1837, pp. 338-342. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimico-topografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Nardi G. & Rocchi S., 2007. Short notes 11. Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea (Helophoridae, Hydrophilidae). In: Nardi G. & Vomero V. (eds.), Artropodi del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio: ricerche preliminari. Conservazione Habitat

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Invertebrati, 4. Cierre edizioni, Verona. Otero C., Angelini F., Johnson C. & Audisio P., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Cryptophagidae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Parenzan P., 1953. Stato attuale delle conoscenze sulla speleobiologia dell’Italia meridionale. Premier Congrès International de Spéléobiologie, Paris, Tome III, Section 3: 135-150. Porta A., 1949. Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. Supplementum II. Stabilimento Tipografia Società Anonima G. Gandolfi, Sanremo, 386 pp. Russo G., 1926. Contributo alla conoscenza dei Coleotteri Scolytidi. Studio morfologico-biologico del Chaetoptelus vestitus (Muls. e Rey) Fuchs e dei suoi simbionti. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 19: 103-260. Russo G., 1939. VI Contributo alla conoscenza dei coleotteri scolitidi. Fleotribo: Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bern.) Fauv. - Parte seconda Biografia, simbionti, danni e lotta. Bollettino del R. Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria di Portici, 2: 3-420. Whitehead P.F., 2000. Coleoptera from the lapilli-beds of Mt Vesuvius, Italy (Insecta). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 132 (1): 23-28. Woodroffe G.E., 1953. An ecological study on the insects and mites in the nests of certain birds in Britain. Bulletin of entomological Research, 44: 739-772.

Porta 1929, in both cases as D. Frischi Kug.). Dermestes undulatus Brahm, 1790 OCognoli P+ A zoonecrophagous eurytopic Holarctic species (fig. 10.1), in Italy is recorded from all regions (cf. Háva & Nardi 2004).

10. Coleoptera, DERMESTIDAE Jiří HÁVA, Gianluca NARDI The Dermestidae currently comprise 1,300 extant species and subspecies, belonging to 54 genera, in every zoogeographical region (Háva 2007a). In Italy 13 genera are known, with about 80 species (Audisio et al. 1995; Nicoli Aldini 2003; Háva 2007a, 2007b). Anthrenus verbasci (Linnaeus, 1758) EGinestre1 R+ SMaria1 R+ A eurytopic cosmopolitan species, in Italy is recorded from all regions (cf. Háva & Nardi 2004). The adults of are floricolous. In the wild, the larvae live as scavengers, chiefly, in the nests of birds and bees, but them are also well-known pests of dry zoological collections (cf. Háva & Nardi 2004). Dermestes frischii Kugelann, 1792 Vesuvio, presso il cratere, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Baudi et al. 1882, as D. Fritschi [sic!] Kugel.). A eurytopic cosmopolitan species (Háva 2007), in Italy is recorded from all regions (Luigioni 1929;

Fig. 10.1. Dermestes undulatus from Ottaviano (x 11.5) (photo by P. Cerretti).

Orphilus niger (Rossi, 1790) SMaria1 R+ Species (fig. 10.2) known from most of Europe, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Caucasus, Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan and Uzbekistan (Háva 2007a, 2007b). In Italy it is recorded from all regions (cf. Luigioni 1929; Porta 1929). The larvae were observed in rotten wood of Quercus spp. and Pinus halepensis invaded by fungus mycelia together with those of Dorcatominae (Coleoptera, Anobiidae), probably they feed on their exuviae and on the remains of the death beetles. The adults occur on 399

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www.dermestidae.wz.cz (accessed 7 February 2007). Háva J., 2007b. Dermestidae pp. 57, 299-320. In: Löbl I. & Smetana A. (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Vol. 4. Elateroidea, Derodontoidea, Bostrichoidea, Lymexyloidea, Cleroidea and Cucujoidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup. Háva J. & Nardi G., 2004. Preliminary data on the Nosodendridae and Dermestidae (Coleoptera), pp. 117-123. In: Cerretti P., Hardersen S., Mason F., Nardi G., Tisato M. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana, Secondo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 3. Cierre Grafica Editore. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimico-topografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Nicoli Aldini R., 2003. Catture con trappole luminose in un’industria di spezie e primo ritrovamento in Italia di Attagenus fasciatus (Thunberg) e Reesa vespulae (Milliron) (Coleoptera Dermestidae). Bollettino di Zoologia agraria e Bachicoltura, 35: 153-162. Porta A., 1929. Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. III. Diversicornia. Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza, 466 pp.

11. Coleoptera, EROTYLIDAE Fernando ANGELINI

Fig. 10.2. Orphilus niger from Somma Vesuviana (x 10.1) (photo by P. Cerretti).

flowering Crataegus spp. (Caillol 1954). In the Vesuvius National Park it was collected by general sweeping (Apiaceae, Poaceae, etc.).

Family widely distributed worldwide with about 2,500 species (cf. Skelley & McHungh 2002), particularly in warmer regions. They are typically microphagous and occur in Agaricales and Polyporales. Their body length is 2.5-25 mm. Only 19 species occur in Italy (Audisio et al. 1995; Wegrzynowicz 2005). Triplax lacordairii Crotch, 1870 OCognoli P+

At least 30 species of Dermestidae are recorded from Campania region (Luigioni 1929; Porta 1929; Háva & Nardi, unpublished), the small number of species known from Vesuvius National Park is due to the lack of adequate research. REFERENCES Audisio P., Liberti G., Nardi G. & Poggi R., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga VIII (Cantharoidea, Dermestoidea), pp. 1-17. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna Italiana, 53. Calderini, Bologna. Baudi F., Piccioli F. & Cavanna G., 1882. Ordo. Coleoptera, pp. 63-91. In: Al Vulture ed al Pollino - Parte II Catalogo degli animali raccolti al Vulture, al Pollino ed in altri luoghi dell’Italia meridionale e centrale. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 14. Caillol H., 1954. Catalogue des Coléoptères de Provence. D’àpres des documents recueillis et groupés. 5e Partie (Additions et Corrections). Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris (Entomologie agricole), 725 pp. Háva J., 2007a. World Catalogue of the Dermestidae (Coleoptera). In: Dermestidae World (Coleoptera). http://

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Species (fig. 11.1) occurring in central and western Europe from Spain and the Britain Isles to Hungary and Bosnia-Herzegovina (Wegrzynowicz 2005). In Italy it is recorded from most mainland regions and from Sicily (cf. Audisio et al. 1995, as T. lacordairei). It is commonly found all year round in polypores (Angelini, unpublished). REFERENCES Audisio P., Canepari C., De Biase A., Poggi R., Ratti E & Zampetti M.F., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XI (Clavicornia II), pp. 119. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 56. Calderini, Bologna. Skelley P.E. & McHugh J.V., 2002. 87. Erotylidae Latreille 1802, pp. 348-353. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Wegrzynowicz P., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Erotylidae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org

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EOsserv R+ A subcosmopolitan, very euryoecious species, common and widespread in all of Italy (Rocchi 2005). It is found in all kinds of decaying organic matter (cow dung, compost heaps, etc.) (Hansen 1987). According to Whitehead (2000), the above record of [Costa] (1839a, 1839b) must be referred to Ephistemus sp., probably to E. globulus (Paykull, 1798) (Cryptophagidae). This opinion is not followed here, because the beetle figured by [Costa] (1839b, pl. 1, fig. 3a, b) is surely a hydrophiloidean. Megasternum concinnum (Marsham, 1802) EOsserv R+ SMaria P+ A Palearctic species (fig. 12.1), also introduced to North America (Hansen 1999, 2004; Ribera 2005), recorded in Italy from all regions (Rocchi 2005). It is a very euryoecious species living in all kinds of decaying organic matter (Hansen 1987, as M. obscurum (Marsham, 1802)). Fig. 11.1. Triplax lacordairii from Ottaviano (x 23.6) (photo by D. Avesani).

12. Coleoptera, HYDROPHILOIDEA (Helophoridae, Hydrophilidae) Gianluca NARDI, Saverio ROCCHI The Hydrophilidoidea include 3,151 species worldwide, distributed in 181 genera (Hansen 1999; Short & Hebauer 2006). Most species are aquatic, both as adults and during the larval stages. All European terrestrial species belong to the Helophoridae and to the Hydrophilidae Sphaeridiinae, which are given family rank by some authors (e.g. Rocchi 2005). The Sphaeridiinae – the only Hydrophiloidea so far recorded from the Vesuvius National Park – are generally small (body length 1.3-7.0 mm) and oval in shape, and live mainly in mammal dung and decomposing vegetal detritus. In Italy they are represented by seven genera and about 38 species (Rocchi 2005). The nomenclature follows that of Rocchi (2005). HYDROPHILIDAE Cercyon haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius, 1775) Vesuvio, “nel fumajolo presso la lava del 1822” ([Costa] 1839, as Sphaeridium haemorrhoidale Fabr.).

Fig. 12.1. Megasternum concinnum from Somma Vesuviana (x 38.3) (photo by D. Avesani).

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Two further species of Sphaeridiinae are recorded from Portici, near the border of the Park: Cercyon littoralis (Gyllenhall, 1808) (Masi 1910), the presence of which in Italy needs confirming (Rocchi 2005), and Sphaeridium substriatum Faldermann, 1838 (Minozzi 1921). Helophorus rufipes (Bosc, 1791) (Helophoridae) was also recorded from the same locality (Masi 1910). Due to the near total absence of surface waters in the Park (cf. Maio et al. 2000), no aquatic species of Hydrophiloidea were found during this research; however, five aquatic Hydrophilidae are known from neighbouring areas: Anacaena sp. from Sarno river (Battaglini et al. 1967), Hydrophilus piceus Linnaeus, 1758 from Portici (Masi 1910, as Hydrous piceus L.) and Sarno river (Matteucig 1978), Laccobius albescens Rottenberg, 1874 from Portici (Masi 1910, as L. nigriceps Thoms.), L. bipunctatus (Fabricius, 1775) from Pompeii (Masi 1910, as L. Emeryanus Rottgb.; Luigioni 1920, as L. Emeryanus Rottenbg.; Luigioni 1929, as L. Emeryanus Rottbg.; Gentili & Chiesa 1976) and L. neapolitanus Rottenberg, 1874 from Pompeii (Gentili & Chiesa 1976). REFERENCES Battaglini P., Pierantoni & Percuoco G., 1967. Ricerche sulla fauna del Sarno I. Descrizione del corso d’acqua e dati popolazionistici sugli invertebrati della sorgente ed alto corso. Bollettino della Società dei Naturalisti di Napoli, 76 (2): 695-711. [Costa O.G.], 1839a. Fauna vesuviana ossia descrizione degl’insetti che vivono ne’ fumajoli del cratere Vesuvio. Atti della reale Accademia delle Scienze, Sezione della Società reale Borbonica, Memorie della reale Accademia delle Scienze, Classe di Fisica, e Storia naturale, Zoologia, 4: 21-53. [Costa O.G.], 1839b. Rapporto sull’escursione fatta al Vesuvio in agosto, ottobre e dicembre 1827. Atti della reale Accademia delle Scienze, Sezione della Società reale Borbonica, Memorie della reale Accademia delle Scienze, Classe di Fisica, e Storia naturale, Zoologia, 4: 55-60, 2 pls. Gentili E. & Chiesa A. (†), 1976. Revisione dei Laccobius paleartici (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 54 (1975): 5-187. Hansen M., 1987. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 18. The Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Scandinavian Science Press, Leiden - Copenhagen, 254 pp. Hansen M., 1999. World Catalogue of Insects 2. Hydrophiloidea (Coleoptera). Apollo Books, Sterstrup, 410 pp. Hansen M., 2004. Hydrophilidae, pp. 44-68. In Löbl I. & Smetana A. (eds.): Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 2. Hydrophiloidea-Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Steenstrup. Luigioni P., 1920. Contributo allo studio della fauna Coleotterologica del Lazio. Atti della pontificia Accademia romana dei Nuovi Lincei, 73 (1919-1920): 186-214. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimicotopografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Maio N., Guarino F.M., D’Amor G. & Picariello O., 2000.

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L’Erpetofauna del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, pp. 139169. In: Picariello O., Di Fusco N. & Fraissinet M. (eds.), Elementi di biodiversità del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio. Ente Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, Napoli. Masi L., 1910. Gli Idrofilidi appartenenti al Museo Zoologico della R. Università di Roma. Bollettino della Società zoologica italiana, serie II, 19 (11): 225-237. Matteucig G., 1978. Sulla presenza di lipofuscine in cellule cerebrali di Hydrophilus piceus L. Atti XI Congresso nazionale italiano di Entomologia, Portici-Sorrento, 10-15 Maggio 1976: 147-153. Minozzi C., 1921. Nota su una quarta specie del genere Sphaeridium F. (Coleopt., Hydrophilidae). Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 53: 53-57. Ribera I., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Hydrophilidae. In: AlonsoZarazaga D.A. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 1, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Rocchi S., 2005. Insecta Coleoptera Hydrophiloidea, pp. 167168. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD. Short A.E.Z. & Hebauer F., 2006. World Catalogue of Hydrophiloidea - additions and corrections, 1 (1999 - 2005). Koleopterologische Rundschau, 76: 315-359. Vigna Taglianti A., Audisio P. A., Biondi M., Bologna M.A., Carpaneto G.M., De Biase A., Fattorini S., Piattella E., Sindaco R., Venchi A. & Zapparoli M., 1999. A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic region. Biogeographia, Lavori della Società italiana di Biogeografia, (n.s.) 20: 31-59. Whitehead P. F., 2000. Coleoptera from the lapilli-beds of Mt Vesuvius, Italy (Insecta). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 132: 23-28.

13. Coleoptera, LANGURIIDAE Fernando ANGELINI Family of worldwide distribution with over 900 species, more common in the tropics, and of highly variable size (1.2-25.0 mm) (Leschen & Skelley 2002). These beetles live in a wide range of situations (rotting vegetation, cycad pollen, smut, herbaceous crops, decaying plant matter, stored grain). Only 4 species occur in Italy (Angelini et al. 1995; Wegrzynowicz 2005). Cryptophilus integer (Heer, 1841) OVallone mc+ This species has a worldwide distribution, most records being concentrated in the temperate regions (Mifsud 2000); rare in Europe where it occurs from Spain to Sweden, reaching east to Moldova (Wegrzynowicz 2005). In Italy it is recorded from all regions (Luigioni 1929). It is found in all sorts of

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vegetal detritus, foodstuffs and fungi (Mifsud 2000; Angelini, unpublished).

0.75-3.2 mm), seemingly all mycetophagous, feeding on mycelia and spores of lower fungi, especially mould. Since these fungi and their mycelia and spores occur almost everywhere, these insects are also ubiquitous and found wherever mould occurs or among decaying organic matter. Specimens have been collected from grasses, flowers, dried thistle-heads, reeds, brushwood, rotten punk trees, wood mould, bird nest litter, under bark, hay and straw stacks, often under synanthropic conditions in cow-sheds, and even under wallpaper of damp rooms. In such places mass occurrence of some species has occasionally been observed. In Europe there are 17 genera and ca. 200 species of Latridiidae, whereas 14 genera and 85 species are recorded from Italy, including Sardinia and Sicily (Rücker 2004, 2005). The nomenclature follows that of Rücker (2005). Corticaria fulva (Comolli, 1837) Torre del Greco, sottosuolo di Villa Guerra 874/2 Cp (Parenzan 1953, as C. falva (Com.); Capolongo et al. 1974). A cosmopolitan species, recorded from all Italian regions (Angelini & Rücker 1999). Dienerella anatolica (Mannerheim, 1844) (fig. 14.1)

Fig. 13.1. Cryptophilus integer from Ottaviano (x 38.3) (photo by D. Avesani). REFERENCES Angelini F., Audisio P., De Biase A., Poggi R., Ratti E. & Zampetti M.F., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga X (Clavicornia I), pp. 120. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 57. Calderini, Bologna. Leschen R.A.B. & Skelley P.E., 2002. 86. Languriidae Wiedeman 1823, pp. 343-347. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimicotopografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Mifsud D., 2000. The Languriidae (Coleoptera) of the Maltese Islands. The Central Mediterranean Naturalist, 3: 49-52. Wegrzynowicz P., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Languriidae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org

SMaria P++ Dienerella sp. OCognoli P+ SMaria P+++ This species is very close to D. elongata (Curtis, 1830), but whether it belongs to this species or to a new species needs checking against the study of type material. Identical specimens, even with regard to aedeagal structure, were collected in large numbers (500-800 specimens) in Calabria by F. Angelini. Enicmus histrio Joy & Tomlin, 1910 (fig. 13.2) SMaria P+ First record for Campania (cf. Angelini & Rücker 1999).

14. Coleoptera, LATRIDIIDAE Wolfgang RUCKER

Melanophthalma algirina Motschulsky, 1866

Species of this family are minute beetles (body length:

EGinestre1 #R+ 403

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Zoologia della Università di Napoli, 20: 33-215. Parenzan P., 1953. Stato attuale delle conoscenze sulla speleobiologia dell’Italia meridionale. Premier Congrès International de Spéléobiologie, Paris, Tome III, Section 3: 135-150. Rücker W.H., 2004. Latridiidae (Coleoptera), pp. 149-153. In: Cerretti P., Hardersen S., Mason F., Nardi G., Tisato M. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana, Secondo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 3. Cierre Grafica Editore, Verona. Rücker H.W., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Latridiidae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org

15. Coleoptera, LEIODIDAE Fernando ANGELINI

Fig. 14.2. Enicmus histrio from Somma Vesuviana (x 47.2) (SEM image by D. Avesani).

This family is here considered according to Angelini et al. (1995); other authors have used it in a broader sense including groups often placed in up to six separate families (cf. Peck 2002). The Leiodinae occur worldwide with almost 1,450 species (900 in the sole tribe Agathidiini) (Angelini 1995; Newton 1998; Angelini 2003; Miller & Wheeler 2005; Wheeler & Miller 2005). Many species feed on spores or other tissues of various fungi. The Italian fauna includes 106 species (Angelini et al. 1995). Colenis immunda (Sturm, 1807)

Thirty-one species of Latridiidae are known from Campania (Angelini & Rücker 1999). Most of the above specimens were collected with pitfall traps. The use of sieve in suitable habitats would certainly reveal the presence of further species in the area: e.g. Cartodere (Aridius) nodifer (Westwood, 1839), Enicmus testaceus (Stephens, 1830), E. transversus (Olivier, 1790), Dienerella angelinii Rücker, 1998 and Latridius minutus (Linnaeus, 1767). Moreover, Metophthalmus (Bonvouloiria) intermedius Binaghi, 1946 was collected at Portici near the border of the Park (Binaghi 1946: 27, as M. (Bonvouloiria) niveicollis intermedius), so this Italian endemic (Rücker 2005) probably also occurs there. REFERENCES Angelini F. & Rücker H.W., 1999. Contributo alla conoscenza dei Merophysiidae e Latridiidae dell’Italia meridionale e della Sicilia (Coleoptera). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 77 (1988): 213-240. Binaghi G., 1946. Nuove forme di Metophthalmus Woll. con tabella di determinazione delle specie italiane (Col. Latridiidae). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 76 (1-2): 21-26. Capolongo D., Cantilena S. & Panascì R., 1974. Specie cavernicole di Campania. Annuario dell’Istituto e Museo di 404

SMaria P+ Species common in fungi and in the litter of broadleaved trees throughout Italy and its islands (Luigioni 1929; Angelini, unpublished). It occurs almost everywhere in Europe (cf. Svec 2005); the citation for the Caucasus (Hatch 1929) deserves confirming in my opinion, as this species is not recorded from neighbouring regions (central and southern Russia, Ukraine and Greece) (cf. Svec 2005). REFERENCES Angelini F., 1995. Revisione tassonomica delle specie paleartiche del genere Agathidium Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Agathidiini). Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino, Monografie 18: 1-487. Angelini F., 2004. Chiavi dicotomiche e catalogo degli Agathidium Panzer dell’Asia sudorientale e della Cina (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Agathidiini). Annali Museo civico Storia naturale “G. Doria”, Genova, 95: 135-577. Angelini F., Audisio P., Castellini G., Poggi R., Vailati D., Zanetti A. & Zoia S., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga II (Staphylinoidea esl. Staphylinidae), pp. 1-39. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 47. Calderini, Bologna.

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Hatch M.H., 1929. Leiodidae, Clambidae, pp. 1-100. In: Schenkling S. (ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, pars 105. W. Junk, Berlin. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimicotopografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Newton A.F. Jr., 1998. Phylogenetic problems, current classification and generic catalog of world Leiodidae (including Cholevidae), pp. 41-178. In: Giachino P.M. & Peck S.B. (eds.), Phylogeny and Evolution of Subterranean and endogean Cholevidae (=Leiodidae Cholevinae) Proceedings of XXI I.C.E. Firenze, 1996. Museo regionale di Scienze naturali, Torino. Miller K.B. & Wheeler Q.D., 2005. Slime-Mold Beetles of the Genus Agathidium Panzer in north and central America, part II. Coleoptera: Leiodidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 291: 1-167. Peck B., 2002. 19. Leiodidae Fleming, 1821, pp. 250-258. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 1, Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphylinoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Svec Z., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Leiodidae Leiodini. In: AlonsoZarazaga M. A. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 1, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Wheeler Q.D. & Miller K.B., 2005. Slime-Mold Beetles of the Genus Agathidium Panzer in north and central America, part I. Coleoptera: Leiodidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of natural History, 290: 1-95.

16. Coleoptera, MALACHIIDAE Carlo PASQUAL This family of Cleroidea occurs in Italy with about 110 species (cf. Constantin 2005). The adults are active, usually anthophilous and often brigtly coloured. They have lateral eversible vesicles which are typically retracted into the body and everted upon disturbance (cf. Mayor 2002). Ebaeus gibbus (Drapiez, 1819) Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Baudi et al. 1882, as E. taeniatus Muls.). Species widespread in south-western Europe (Constantin 2005), present in Italy in Liguria, Piedmont, Emilia, Elba Island, central regions, Campania, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily and Sardinia (cf. Luigioni 1929; Porta 1929; Angelini 1996; Pasqual & Angelini 2001). It is recorded also from Corsica and Malta (Luigioni 1929). The only relatively recent citation for Campania refers to the finding of two males near Bagnoli Irpino (Pardo Alcaide 1960). Information on the biology of Ebaeus Erichson, 1840 species is rather poor: they are mentioned in the literature as common

on meadow vegetation and sunlit meadows in general, and both the adults and the larvae are voracious predators of wasp larvae. Xambeau (1908) mentions specimens of Ebaeus sp. as possible predators of Hymenoptera, a suggestion that was later followed by Fiori (1963). These observations were subsequently confirmed, as a larva tentatively referred to E. battonii Pardo, 1962 (Pasqual 1981) was fed dead adults of Apanteles Foerster, 1862 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) in the lab; furthermore, the content of the digestive tube of adults of the same species was found to contain pieces of cuticle belonging to various arthropods (Pasqual 1983). A further confirmation of the probably exclusively carnivorous diet of Ebaeus species is given by the comparative morphology of mouthparts, which show more or less strong structural modifications in comparison to other groups of Malachiidae with mixed diets (Pasqual 1994, 2000). Clanoptilus geniculatus (Germar, 1824) EColata R+ EGinestre1 R+, #R+ OVallone R+ SaOlivella R+ SMaria2 R+ TFunivia R+ Species widespread in central-southern Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus, southern Russia and Siberia (Horion 1953, as Malachius geniculatus Germar, 1824; Constantin 2005); it occurs throughout mainland Italy and in Sicily (Luigioni 1929, as M. geniculatus). The adults are flower visitors and habitually frequent sunny meadows from May to August (Allenspach & Wittmer 1979). They are active predators of larvae of Agrilus Curtis, 1825 (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) and other flower-visiting beetles (Fiori 1963; Thompson & Simmonds 1965); however, recent observations suggest a probable mixed diet, consisting of both the habitual prey and the pollen of the visited flowers (Pasqual, unpublished). Clanoptilus spinipennis (Germar, 1824) BBoscot1 R+ EGinestre0 R+ EGinestre1 R+ TFunivia R+ Species widespread in central-southern and eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Russia (Horion 1953, as Malachius spinipennis Germar, 1824; Constantin 405

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2005); it is recorded from almost all mainland Italian regions, Sardinia, and Sicily (cf. Luigioni 1929; Porta 1929, Pasqual & Angelini 2001, in all cases as M. spinipennis Germar, 1824). The adults are pollen feeders and inhabit open, sunny meadows (Lohse & Lucht 1992); very little is known of the larval biology of this species (Foster & Lawrence 1991). A study carried out in a meadowland in north-eastern Italy (Pasqual 2007) has revealed interesting population dynamics. Adults appear towards the end of March in small numbers, become more abundant at the beginning of the following month and disappear at the end of June. Their peak of abundance occurs from the end of April to the end of May. Similarly to other species (Matthes 1962) the number of individuals grows rapidly shortly after the appearance of the first ones. Furthermore, collections made during the first period of appearance of this species show a high proportion of males; this ratio then gradually changes in favour of the females, to the point that nearly exclusively females are found already in mid May. Knowledge of the Malachiidae of Campania is still patchy and mainly derives from works on southern Italy and Sicily. Except for the above-mentioned old record of Ebaeus gibbus, no species were known from the Vesuvius National Park (Pasqual & Angelini 2001; Pasqual unpublished). Costa (1843), Baudi (1873) and Bertolini (1904) mentioned a number of species from Naples and environs, but these records need checking due to numerous systematic and nomenclatural changes. The extremely low number of assessed species lets suppose that further research would reveal the presence of many more. REFERENCES Allenspach V. & Wittmer W., 1979. Insecta Helvetica Catalogus herausgegeben von der Schweizerischen. Entomologischen Gesellschaft. 4 Coleoptera Cantharoidea, Cleroidea, Lymexylonoidea. Fotorotar A G., Zürich, 139 pp. Angelini F., 1996. Coleotterofauna della riserva naturale WWF Lago di Pignola. Potenza Alfagrafica Volonnino Lavello, 135 pp. Baudi F., 1873. Catalogo dei Dascillidi, Malacodermi e Terediti della Fauna europea e circummediterranea appartenenti alle collezioni del Museo Civico di Genova. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, sez. 1, 4: 226-268. Baudi F., Piccioli, F. & Cavanna G., 1882. Ordo. Coleoptera, pp. 63-91. In: Al Vulture ed al Pollino - Parte II Catalogo degli animali raccolti al Vulture, al Pollino ed in altri luoghi dell’Italia meridionale e centrale. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 14. Bertolini S., 1904. Catalogo dei Coleotteri d’Italia. Ed. Rivista Italiana Scienze Naturali, Siena (1899-1904), 144 pp. Constantin R., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Malachiidae. In: Audisio

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P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Fiori G., 1963. Alcuni aspetti sulla sistematica dei Coleotteri Malachiidi e Dasitidi a livello delle famiglie e sulla loro etologia. Atti della Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 97: 265-288. Foster D.E. & Lawrence J.F., 1991. Melyridae (Cleroidea) (including Dasytidae, Malachiidae, Prionoceridae, Rhadalidae), pp. 453-454. In: Stehr F.W. (ed.), Immature Insects, vol. 2. Kendall-Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque. Horion A., 1953. Faunistik der mitteleuropäischen Käfer. Band III. Malacodermata, Sternoxia. (Elateridae bis Throscidae). Entomologische Arbeiten, Museum G. Frey, München, XIX + 340 pp. Lohse G.A. & Lucht W.H. (eds.), 1992. Die Käfer Mitteleuropas, 2 Supplementband mit Katalogteil, 13. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 375 pp. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimicotopografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Matthes D., 1962. Excitatoren und Paarungsverhalten mitteleuropäischer Malachiiden (Coleopt. Malacodermata). Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 51: 375546. Mayor A.J., 2002. 74. Melyridae Leach 1815, pp. 281-304. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Pardo Alcaide A., 1960. Malachiidae de los Montes Sibilinos y Picentinos. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 8: 169-176. Pasqual C., 1981. Una larva inedita del genere Ebaeus Erichson (Coleoptera Malachidae). Bollettino della Società entomologica Italiana, 113 (8-10): 163-166. Pasqual C., 1983. Osservazioni sul tubo digerente e il regime alimentare di alcuni Meliridi. Atti XIII Congresso nazionale italiano di Entomologia. Sestriere, Torino: 131-134. Pasqual C., 1994. Morfologia comparata dei pezzi boccali di alcune Malachiinae (Coleoptera Melyridae). Atti XVII Congresso nazionale italiano di Entomologia. Udine: 339-342. Pasqual C., 2000. Morfologia comparata del labbro superiore in alcuni Melyridae (Coleoptera). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 132 (1): 43-48. Pasqual C., 2007. Osservazioni sulla fenologia di alcuni Malachiidi in un’area a prato dell’Italia nordorientale (Coleoptera Malachiidae). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 139 (2): 79-90. Pasqual C. & Angelini F., 2001. I Malachiini dell’Italia meridionale e della Sicilia (Coleoptera, Melyridae). Bollettino del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona (Botanica e Zoologia), 25: 101-126. Porta A., 1929. Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. III. Diversicornia. Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza, 466 pp. Thompson W. R. & Simmonds E.J., 1965. A catalogue of the parasities and predators of insect pest. Commonwealth Agriculture Bureau, Commonwealth Institute Biological Control. 4: 31-67. Xambeau P., 1908. Moeurs et metamorphose des Coléoptères du groupe des Malachiides. Le Naturaliste, 30: 189-192; 199202.

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17. Coleoptera, MORDELLIDAE Pascal LEBLANC

Mordellistena pseudohirtipes Ermisch, 1956 EGinestre1 R+

The Mordellidae are represented by just over 1,500 extant species worldwide (cf. Jackman & Lu 2002), but they are still rather poorly known and possibly about double the amount of species exist in reality. They are small to medium-sized insects (1.5 to 20 mm) with an elongated and pointed pygidium, at least in the European species. Their colouration is often uniformly black, but small marks or a light pubescence forming marks or bands are often also present. Their larvae are phytophagous or saproxylophagous. In temperate regions the adults are most often collected on flowers, sometimes on wood or mushrooms, and are easily caught with yellow pan traps or aerial fruit traps. The Italian fauna includes at least 90 species (cf. Ermisch 1969, 1977; Angelini et al. 1995; Leblanc 2002). Mediimorda bipunctata (Germar, 1827) SMaria1 R+ Mordella aculeata Linnaeus, 1758

Mordellistena pumila (Gyllenhal, 1810) SMaria R+ Mordellistena purpurascens A. Costa, 1854 EVesuv R+ Mordellistena reitteri Schilsky, 1895 OCognoli R+ Mordellistena spp. EColata R+ EGigante R+ EGinestre1 R+ EGinestre2 R+ EVesuv R+ OCognoli R+ OPrinc R+ SMaria1 R+

EGinestre1 R+ Variimorda briantea (Comolli, 1837) Mordella huetheri Ermisch, 1956 SMaria R+

EGigante R+ EVesuv R+

Mordella vestita Emery, 1876

Variimorda basalis (A. Costa, 1854)

EGigante R+ EGinestre1 R+ EVesuv R+ SMaria1 R+

ERimbos R+

Mordellistena emeryi Schilsky, 1895 EGinestre1 R++ EVesuv R+ SMaria1 R+ Mordellistena episternalis Mulsant, 1856 EGinestre1 R+ SMaria1 R+ Mordellistena istrica Ermisch, 1977 EGinestre1 R+

Some species could not be identified before the preparation of this work, which gives a total of about 20 species observed so far in the Park. These correspond to about one third of the species potentially occurring in the area, and new investigations could easily double this amount. REFERENCES Angelini F., Audisio P., Bologna M.A., De Biase A., Franciscolo M.E., Nardi G., Ratti E. & Zampetti M.F., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XII (Heteromera esl. Lagriidae, Alleculidae, Tenebrionidae), pp. 1-30. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. 57. Calderini, Bologna. Ermisch K., 1969. 79. Familie: Mordellidae, pp. 160-196. In: Freude H., Harde K.W. & Lohse G.A. (eds.), Die Käfer Mitteleuropas, 5. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld. Ermisch K., 1977. Die Mordellistena-Arten Ungarns und benach407

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barter Gebiete sowie Beschreibung einer neuen Hoshihananomia-Art aus Siebenbürgen (Coleoptera, Mordellidae). Folia entomologica hungarica, 30 suppl.: 151-177. Jackman J.A. & Lu W., 2002. 301. Mordellidae Latreille 1802, pp. 423-430. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Leblanc P., 2002. Description de deux nouvelles espèces ouesteuropéennes du genre Mediimorda Méquignon, 1946 (Coleoptera Mordellidae). Bulletin de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon, 71 (8): 317-324.

18. Coleoptera, MYCETOPHAGIDAE Fernando ANGELINI The Mycetophagidae are a small family of Tenebrionoidea with about 200 species worldwide. Adults (body length: 1-6.5 mm) and larvae feed largely upon fungi. They usually occur in decaying soil litter, in fungi or on rotten wood (cf. Young 2002). The Italian fauna includes 19 species (Angelini et al. 1995; Nikitsky 2005). Triphyllus bicolor (Fabricius, 1777) SMaria P+ Species occurring throughout most of Europe, from Spain to the British Isles, Fennoscandia, European Russia, Ukraine and the Caucasus (Nikitsky 2005). In Italy it occurs in all regions including the islands (Luigioni 1929), and is frequent in polypores especially in hills and mountains in the autumn (Angelini, unpublished).

REFERENCES Angelini F., Audisio P., Bologna M.A., De Biase A., Franciscolo M.E., Nardi G., Ratti E. & Zampetti M.F., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XII (Heteromera escl. Lagriidae, Alleculidae, Tenebrionidae), pp. 1-30. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. 57, Calderini, Bologna. Focarile A., 1987. Ricerche sulla coleotterofauna associata alla macchia mediterranea - Typhaeola maculata (Perris, 1865), un elemento della cenosi fitosaprobia (Coleoptera Mycetophagidae). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 119: 29-34. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimicotopografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Nikitsky N.B., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Mycetophagidae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Young D.K., 2002. 96. Mycetophagidae Leach 1815, pp. 399-400. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington.

19. Coleoptera, MYCTERIDAE Gianluca NARDI Mycteridae are worldwide in distribution, with approximately 30 genera and 160 species in three subfamilies. Little is known about their biology (cf. Pollock 2002). The western Palaearctic fauna includes only four species of Mycterus Clarville & Schellenberg, 1798, three of which occur also in Italy (Pollock 1993; Audisio 2005). Mycterus curculioides (Fabricius, 1781)

Typhaeola maculata (Perris, 1865)

BBoscot1 R+

OCognoli P+

Species known from England, Latvia, central and Mediterranean Europe, southern Russia, Georgia and Morocco (cf. Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1985; Cooter 1991; Vázquez 1993; Audisio 2005). In Italy it is recorded from the northern regions, Tuscany, Latium, Tremiti Islands (Apulia), Calabria (Costa 1859, as M. curculionoides Ill.; Luigioni 1929; Porta 1934; in both cases as M. curculionoides Oliv.), mainland Apulia (Marcuzzi & Turchetto Lafisca 1977, as M. curculionoides Oliv.) and Basilicata (Angelini & Montemurro 1986, as M. curculionoides Ol.). This is the first detailed record for Campania. Bertolini (1904, as M. curculionoides F.) recorded it from all of Italy, but this is probably an arbitrary generalization (cf. Angelini et al. 1995). This species is rather thermophilous and associated with maquis and garrigue formations and clearings originated from mainly

W-Mediterranean (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, North Africa) species (Nikitsky 2005). In Italy it is recorded only from Piedmont, Sicily and Sardinia (cf. Luigioni 1929; Focarile 1987) but actually occurs throughout most of the peninsula (Angelini et al. 1995; Angelini, unpublished); common in various kinds of vegetal debris, but especially among dead broadleaves (Angelini, unpublished). Other species are expected to occur in the Park such as Berginus tamarisci Wollaston 1854, Litargus connexus (Geoffroy, 1785) and/or L. balteatus LeConte, 1856 and Typhaea stercorea (Linnaeus, 1758), all of which are widespread in Campania, also in anthropized areas (Angelini, unpublished). 408

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thermophilous forest formations. Adults occur in spring-summer and feed mostly on flowers of various plant species, mainly Asteraceae and Cistaceae; the larvae live under the bark of pines (cfr. Vázquez 1993; Bologna 2001). REFERENCES Angelini F., Audisio P., Bologna M.A., De Biase A., Franciscolo M.E., Nardi G., Ratti E. & Zampetti M.F., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XII (Heteromera esl. Lagriidae, Alleculidae, Tenebrionidae), pp. 1-30. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 57. Calderini, Bologna. Angelini F. & Montemurro F., 1986. Coleotterofauna del bosco di Policoro (Matera). Biogeographia, Lavori della Società Italiana di Biogeografia, 10 (1984): 545-604. Audisio P., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Mycteridae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Bertolini S., 1904. Catalogo dei Coleotteri d’Italia. Ed. Rivista Italiana di Scienze Naturali, Siena (1899-1904), 144 pp. Bologna M., 2001. Meloidi, Edemeridi, Mitteridi e Pirocroidi della Tenuta Presidenziale di Castelporziano (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Oedemeridae, Mycteridae, Pyrochroidae). Bollettino dell’Associazione romana di Entomologia, 56(1-4): 301-310. Cooter J., 1991. Heteromera, pp. 139-144. In: Cooter J. (ed.), A Coleopterist’s Handbook (3rd Edition). General editor, Cribb P.W., Amateur Entomolosist’s Society. Costa A., 1859. [Supplementi alle famiglie di Coleotteri], foglio 20, pp. 9-16, pls. A-B. In: Costa O.G. (ed.), Fauna del Regno di Napoli ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo Regno e le acque che le bagnano contenente la descrizione de’ nuovi o poco esattamente conosciuti con figure ricavate da originali viventi e dipinte al naturale. Coleotteri. Parte IIa. Stamperia di Gaetano Sautto, Napoli. Iablokoff-Khnzorian S.M., 1985. Les Pythidae paléartiques (Coleoptera). Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, n.f., 32: 193-229. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimicotopografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Marcuzzi G. & Turchetto Lafisca M., 1977. Ricerche sui Coleotteri della Puglia raccolti da G. Marcuzzi (1960-63). I. Elenco delle specie. Quaderni di Ecologia animale, Padova, 9: 1-186. Pollock D.A., 1993. A new species of Mycterus Clairville (Coleoptera: Mycteridae) from Florida, with a checklist of described species of America north of Mexico. Coleopterist’s Bulletin, 47: 309-314. Pollock D.A., 2002. 112. Mycteridae Blanchard 1845, pp. 530533. In: Arnett R. H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Porta A., 1934. Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. IV. Heteromera, Phytophaga. Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza, 415 pp. Vázquez X.A., 1993. Coleoptera, Oedemeridae, Pyrochroidae, Pythidae, Mycteridae. In: Ramos M.A. et al. (ed.), Fauna

Ibérica. vol. 5. Museo de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, 181 pp.

20. Coleoptera, OEDEMERIDAE Marco A. BOLOGNA, Francesca MONTALTO Oedemeridae is a widespread family, which contains about 100 genera and 1,500 species distributed in all zoogeographical regions. The Italian fauna includes 41 species (Vázquez 2002, 2005). Their bodies are fairly soft, elongate, variably coloured. Antennae are quite long, and tarsal segments are heteromerous (5-5-4). Adults are found feeding pollen on flowers, under driftwood, or in moist to wet, rotten logs. The saproxilic larvae of most of the genera occur in moist decaying wood. The period of activity is from spring to summer, coinciding with the maximum presence of flowers. Oedemera atrata Schmidt, 1846 “raccolta in abbondanza presso le basse falde del Vesuvio nel mese di maggio, … Ama in preferenza i fiori della Spartium junceum” (Costa 1858: 3). BBoscot1 R+ EColata R+ EGinestre1 R+ EGinestre2 R+ ERimbos R+ MMsom R+ SMaria R+ OCognoli R+ TFunivia R+ S-European species, widespread in Italy (except for alpine regions and Sardinia) (Magistretti 1967; Bologna 1997; Vázquez 2002). Thermophilous species related to Mediterranean environments, particularly clearings in maquis and thermophilous, sclerophilous or deciduous oak forest; more rarely it occurs in clearings of mesophilous broadleaved forest in mediumaltitude mountain areas. Adults, which occur mainly from April to August, are oligophagous, showing a clear preference for Spartium junceum (Leguminoseae), the likely host-plant of the larvae also (Bologna 1997). This species was recorded also from the nearby locality of Portici (Magistretti 1942, 1967). Oedemera flavipes (Fabricius, 1792) Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Baudi et al. 1882, as O. flavipes F.). 409

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M. Vesuvio (Magistretti 1967). BBoscot1 R+ EAtrio R+ EColata R+ EGigante R+ EGinestre0 R+ EGinestre1 R++, #R+ EGinestre2 R+ ERimbos R+ EVesuv R+ OCognoli R+ OPrinc R+ OVallone R+ SaOlivella R+ SCavone R+ SMaria R+ SMaria1 R+ SMaria2 R+ TFunivia R+ European-Mediterranean species, widely distributed in most parts of Italy with the exception of high mountain areas (Magistretti 1967; Bologna 1997; Vázquez 2002). It is euryecious (tending towards thermophily) and eurytopic, and occurs from sea level to 1600 m a.s.l., records from higher altitudes being rare (Bologna 1997). Adults, mainly active from May to July, are flouricolous while the larvae have been collected in rotting chestnut wood (Vázquez 2002). Oedemera lurida lurida (Marsham, 1802) EColata R+ EGinestre1 R+ ERimbos R+ EVesuv R+ OVallone R+ TFunivia R+ Asiatic-European species (Bologna 2002), widespread in most of Europe (reaching almost the 65° parallel northwards), Caucasus, Anatolia and Syria. The eastern limit of its range is badly known; the species in central China is represented by O. lurida sinica Svihla, 1999 (Vázquez 2002). It is recorded from all over Italy (Magistretti 1967; Bologna 1997). Euryecious, eurytopic and eurizonal, it is related to a variety of open habitats ranging from thermophilous to mesophilous. Adults are poliphagous and active from May to August. The larvae are oligophagous mainly on Asteraceae. It seems to be the least common oedemerid species (six individuals altogether) found in the Park. It was recorded from Naples environs by Costa 410

(1852: 32, as Oedemerina lurida). Oedemera nobilis (Scopoli, 1763) BBoscot1 R+ EColata R+, #R+ EGigante R++ EGinestre1 R+, #R+ ERimbos R+ OVallone R+ SaOlivella R+ SMaria R+ SVpalm R+ TFunivia R+ European-Mediterranean species (southwest Europe and Maghreb), widespread in Italy and its islands (Magistretti 1967; Bologna 1997; Vázquez 2002). It is strongly euryecious and euryzonal (from sea level to 1800 m a.s.l.), but is more common in thermophilous places; it is poliphagous at both larval and adult stages (Bologna 1997). Adults are active from May to August. It was recorded from Naples environs since Costa (1843: 49, as Oedemera coerulea). The four species here recorded are typical of Mediterranean environments, even semi-natural and strongly degraded ones; further aimed research may reveal the presence of a few additional species. REFERENCES Baudi F., Piccioli F. & Cavanna G., 1882. Ordo. Coleoptera, pp. 63-91. In: Al Vulture ed al Pollino - Parte II Catalogo degli animali raccolti al Vulture, al Pollino ed in altri luoghi dell’Italia meridionale e centrale. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 14. Bologna M.A., 1997. Ricerche sulla Valle Peligna (Italia centrale, Abruzzo) 22. Coleoptera Lagriidae, Ripiphoridae, Meloidae, Oedemeridae (Insecta), pp. 405-416. In: Osella B.G., Biondi M., Di Marco C. & Riti M. (eds.), Ricerche sulla Valle Peligna (Italia centrale, Abruzzo). Quaderni di Provinciaoggi, L’Aquila, 23. Bologna M., 2002. Meloidi, Edemeridi, Mitteridi e Pirocroidi della Tenuta Presidenziale di Castelporziano (Coleoptera, Meloidae, Oedemeridae, Mycteridae, Pyrochroidae). Bollettino dell’Associazione romana di Entomologia, 56 (1-4): 301-310. Costa A., 1843. Esposizione sommaria. Delle osservazioni raccolte durante l’anno 1842 intorno allo sviluppo ed apparizione successiva degli Insetti nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell’Accademia degli aspiranti Naturalisti di Napoli, 1: 37-68. Costa A., 1852. Coleotteri Eteromeri – Famiglia degli Edemeridi Oedemeridea, fogli 26-30, pp. 1-36, pls. 9-11. In: Costa O.G., 1849-1854. Fauna del Regno di Napoli ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo Regno e le acque che le bagnano contenente la descrizione

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de’ nuovi o poco esattamente conosciuti con figure ricavate da originali viventi e dipinte al naturale. Coleotteri. Parte Ia. Stamperia di Gaetano Sautto, Napoli. Costa A., 1858. Supplementi alle famiglie di Coleotteri, foglio 19, pp. 1-8, pls. A-B. In: Costa O.G. (ed.), Fauna del Regno di Napoli ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo Regno e le acque che le bagnano contenente la descrizione de’ nuovi o poco esattamente conosciuti con figure ricavate da originali viventi e dipinte al naturale. Coleotteri. Parte IIa. Stamperia di Gaetano Sautto, Napoli. Magistretti M., 1942. Gli Oedemeridae della collezione Dodero (Coleoptera). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 21: 5-20. Magistretti M., 1967. Catalogo degli Oedemeridae italiani (Coleoptera). Memorie della Società entomologica Italiana, 46: 181-200. Vázquez X.A., 2002. European Fauna of Oedemeridae. Argania, Barcelona, 179 pp. Vázquez X.A., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Oedemeridae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org

Thirteen species are recorded from Campania (Svec & Angelini 1996), so more species probably occur in the Park.

21. Coleoptera, PHALACRIDAE Claudio CANEPARI Phalacrids are small beetles (roughly ranging between 1 and 5 mm length) of rounded to oval appearance, strongly convex dorsally and flattened ventrally, nearly always dark-coloured and shiny. Many species are anthophagous and related, in both the larval and adult stages, to the flowers of various genera of Asteraceae; other species are probably mainly mycophagous, feeding on the spores of grass-infesting fungi (cfr. Steiner 2002). Thirty-eight species are known from Italy (Svec & Angelini 1996; Svec 2005). Olibrus affinis (Sturm, 1807) EColata #R+ SMaria2 R+ Species widespread throughout the Palaearctic region. In Italy it occurs throughout the whole peninsula and islands (cf. Svec & Angelini 1996; Svec 2005). Olibrus flavicornis (Sturm, 1807) EColata R+, #R+ SMaria R+ SMaria1 R+ OPrinc R+ Species (fig. 21.1) known from Europe, Algeria and southern Siberia (Svec & Angelini 1996). In Italy it is recorded from all regions except Sardinia (cf. Svec & Angelini 1996; Svec 2005).

Fig. 21.1. Olibrus flavicornis from Ercolano (x 33.6) (photo by D. Avesani). REFERENCES Steiner W.E. jr., 2002. 84. Phalacridae Leach 1815, pp. 335-337. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Svec Z., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Phalacridae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Svec Z. & Angelini F., 1996. The Italian species of Phalacridae with the description of Olibrus demarzoi sp. n. (Coleoptera). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 127 (3) (1995): 199-212.

22. Coleoptera, PTILIIDAE Mikael SÖRENSSON These staphylinoid beetles have long been neglected due to their obscure life style and unusual minuteness. The body length of most species does not exceed 0.5-1 mm. The majority of species and genera 411

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are litter-dwellers, but other species occupy a variety of habitats. In Europe some 130 species are known (Johnson 2004). The Italian ptiliid fauna is comparatively rich in species (ca. 73) compared to other European countries (cf. Johnson 2004; Sörensson 2004), although many species certainly still remain to be added. As for Campania Angelini & Sörensson (1997) recorded 34 species, a figure which certainly could be increased by more intense and taxon-focused sampling.

Sörensson M. & Růžička J., 2001. New records of Ptiliidae (Coleoptera) from the Czech Republic. Klapalekiana, 37: 261-265.

23. Coleoptera, SCOLYTIDAE Enzo GATTI

Acrotrichis fascicularis (Herbst, 1793)

Scolytidae are typical xylophagous beetles, some of which are among the main forest pests. Currently, there are 148 species recorded for Italy (Colonnelli 2003; Gatti unpublished). The nomenclature follows Colonnelli (2003).

OCognoli R+

Dactylotrypes longicollis (Wollaston, 1864)

Western Palaearctic species, very common in Italy in leaf litter of Fagus, Quercus, Castanea and under plant debris (Angelini & Sörensson 1997). This record is based on a single specimen taken (8.VIII.2000) under equine dung in a forest dominated by chestnut.

Ercolano (Longo et al. 1991).

Acrotrichis rosskotheni Sundt, 1971 ERimbos P+ SMaria P+ Western Palaearctic species, widespread and common in Italy in shady places, in deciduous forests and along water bodies. It lives chiefly in leaf litter (Fagus, Quercus, Castanea, Acer, etc.) and vegetal debris (Angelini & Sörensson 1997; Sörensson & Růžička 2001). The two species presented above belong to a group of common and widespread litter-dwelling species. They often constitute predominant ptiliid elements in more or less humid leaf litter. The low number of ptiliid species recorded from the Park indicates that future surveys of typical ptiliid habitats such as litter, compost, dung, rotten wood etc. will certainly produce more species. REFERENCES Angelini F. & Sörensson M., 1997. Materiali per una coleotterofauna dell’Italia meridionale e della Sicilia. Ptiliidae. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale “G. Doria”, 91: 555587. Johnson C., 2004. Ptiliidae, pp. 122-131. In: Löbl I. & Smetana A. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 2: Hydrophiloidea-Staphylinoidea. Apollo Books, Steenstrup. Sörensson M., 2004. Ptiliidae, pp. 141-142. In: Cerretti P., Hardersen S., Mason F., Nardi G., Tisato M. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana. Secondo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 3. Cierre Grafica editore, Verona.

412

Spermophagous species native to the Canary Islands and Madeira, which was very probably passively introduced to Europe with the seeds of Phoenix canariensis (Arecaceae); it has since been collected also on other plants of the same family (cf. Longo et al. 1991; Fabozzi & Zapparoli 1993). In Italy it is recorded from all southern mainland regions and Sicily, but seems absent in Sardinia (cf. Colonnelli 2003). Hypoborus ficus Erichson, 1836 EGinestre1 Al+ A Mediterranean species (fig. 23.1) that occurs also in Austria, Hungary, the Canary Islands and Madeira (cf. Alonso-Zarazaga 2005). In Italy it is recorded from the southern mainland regions, Sicily and Sardinia (cf. Colonnelli 2003). The above record is based on one specimen reared by G. Nardi in the lab from a piece of dead Spartium junceum wood. This beetle is considered to be monophagous on Ficus carica (cf. Balachowsky 1949; Pfeffer 1995), so the Vesuvian record suggests either more flexible feeding habits or an occasional adaptation; Liparthrum genistae (Aubé, 1862), which belongs to the same tribe, also feeds on broom (cf. Balachowsky 1949). Six additional species have been collected near the border of the Park: Hylesinus toranio (Danthoie, 1788) (Russo 1926, as H. oleiperda (Fabricius, 1792)) and Leperisinus fraxini Panzer, 1779 (Russo 1926, as Hylesinus fraxini) at Portici, on olive trees; Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bernard, 1788) (Russo 1926, 1939) at Portici on olive and ash trees; Phloeophthorus rhododactylus (Marsham, 1802) at Sarno on olive trees (Russo 1936); Pityogenes bidentatus (Herbst,

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1783) at Portici (Luigioni 1929), and Scolytus rugosus (Müller, 1818), which was reared from branches of apricot and plum trees at Portici (Russo 1926: 205, 222). Based on their ecology (cf. Russo 1926, 1936; Balachowsky 1949), these species very probably oc-

Pfeffer A., 1995. Zentral- und westpaläarktische Borken- und Kernkäfer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Platypodidae). Pro Entomologia, ed. Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, 310 pp. Sampò A. & Olmi M., 1975. Un pericoloso nemico delle palme nuovo per l’Italia: Dactylotrypes uyttenbogaarti Eggers 1927 (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Annali della Facoltà di Scienze agrarie dell’Università degli Studi di Torino, 9: 431-446. Russo G., 1926. Contributo alla conoscenza dei Coleotteri Scolytidi. Studio morfo - biologico del Chaetoptelus vestitus (Muls. e Rey) Fuchs e dei suoi simbionti. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 19: 103-260, 1 pl. Russo G., 1936. Repertorio di notizie entomologiche XVI. 85 Segnalazione di nuove aree di distribuzione del Chetoptelio. Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 68: 93-94. Russo G., 1939. VI Contributo alla conoscenza dei coleotteri scolitidi. Fleotribo: Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bern.) Fauv. - Parte seconda Biografia, simbionti, danni e lotta. Bollettino del R. Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria di Portici, 2: 3-420.

24. Coleoptera, SCRAPTIIDAE Pascal LEBLANC

Fig. 23.1. Hypoborus ficus (x 65.0) (drawing by E. Gatti).

This family is currently divided into two subfamilies: the Anaspidinae and the Scraptiinae (cf. Pollock 2002; Horak 2005). It contains about 500 species worldwide, a number which is surely underestimated as the Scraptiidae are still rather poorly known, particularly within the genus Scraptia Latreille, 1807. These small coleopterans rarely exceed 5 mm in length and are generally found on various types of foliage. Species of Anaspis Geoffroy, 1762 are particularly abundant in spring on flowers of arboreal Rosaceae, Cistus spp., etc. Species of Trotomma Kiesenwetter, 1861 inhabit the leaf litter and are generally abundant all year round. Anaspis humeralis (Fabricius, 1775)

cur also in the Park. REFERENCES Alonso-Zarazaga M.A., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Curculionidae Scolytinae. In: Alonso-Zarazaga M. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 1. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www. faunaeur.org Colonnelli E., 2003. A revised Checklist of Italian Curculionoidea (Coleoptera). Zootaxa, 337: 1-142. Balachowsky A., 1949. Faune de France 50. Coléoptères Scolytides. Lechevalier, Paris, 320 pp. Fabozzi R. & Zapparoli M., 1993. Reperti Coleoptera, Scolytidae Dactylotrypes longicollis (Wollaston, 1858). Bollettino dell’Associazione romana di Entomologia, 47 (1-4): 124. Longo S., Russo A. & Palmieri V., 1991. Sulla diffusione in Italia di Coccotrypes dactyliperda e Dactylotrypes longicollis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Atti XVI Congresso nazionale italiano di Entomologia, Bari-Martina Franca (TA), 23-28 settembre 1991: 711-715. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimicotopografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1].

“adiacenze del Vesuvio” (A. Costa 1854: 27, as Anaspis vulcanica n. sp.) This species is very variable, its colouration ranging from almost completely black to lightly stained yellow. Costa (1854) described three varieties of Anaspis humeralis from the “Regno di Napoli” (without precise locality): cruciata, discicollis and quadrimaculata. These varieties as also A. vulcanica Costa 1854 are currently recognized as a synonyms of this species (cf. Csiki 1915: 66-67). According to Costa (1854, as A. humeralis) this species in southern Italy may be taken in large numbers from blossoms of Spartium junceum. Anaspis labiata Costa, 1854 TFunivia R+ 413

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Anaspis lurida Stephens, 1832 BBoscot1 R+ EGinestre1 R+ OCognoli R+ SMaria1 R+ Anaspis pulicaria A. Costa, 1854 EColata R++, #R+ EGinestre1 R++ ERimbos R+ OCognoli R+ SMaria R+ SMaria1 R+ TFunivia R+ Anaspis ruficollis (Fabricius, 1775) EGinestre1 R+ Anaspis varians Mulsant, 1856 Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Baudi et al. 1882). EGigante R+ EGinestre1 R+ OColata R+ Anaspis viennensis Schilsky, 1895 TFunivia R+ Angelini et al. (1995) recorded 47 species of Scraptiidae from Italy, 3 of which are doubtful, 8 insular and 3 mentioned only from northern Italy. This leaves 33 species potentially occurring in southern mainland Italy. This number is in contrast with the present data for Vesuvius National Park, as only 7 species of Anaspidinae were collected. No Scraptiinae were found in this area, which is surprising because many species are common and have been found in Apulia, Basilicata and Calabria (Leblanc, unpublished). Further investigations would certainly increase the number of species. REFERENCES Angelini F., Audisio P., Bologna M.A., De Biase A., Franciscolo M.E., Nardi G., Ratti E. & Zampetti M.F., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XII (Heteromera esl. Lagriidae, Alleculidae, Tenebrionidae), pp. 1-30. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 57. Calderini, Bologna.

414

Baudi F., Piccioli, F. & Cavanna G., 1882. Ordo. Coleoptera, pp. 63-91. In: Al Vulture ed al Pollino - Parte II Catalogo degli animali raccolti al Vulture, al Pollino ed in altri luoghi dell’Italia meridionale e centrale. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 14. Costa A., 1854. [Coleotteri Eteromeri – Famiglia de’ Mordellidei - Mordellidea], fogli 24-25, pp. 17-32. In: Costa O.G., 18491854. Fauna del Regno di Napoli ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo Regno e le acque che le bagnano contenente la descrizione de’ nuovi o poco esattamente conosciuti con figure ricavate da originali viventi e dipinte al naturale. Coleotteri. Parte Ia. Stamperia di Gaetano Sautto, Napoli. Csiki E., 1915. Mordellidae, pp. 1-84. In: Schenkling S. (ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus, vol. 17 (1910-1934) pars 63. W. Junk, Berlin. Horak J., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Scraptiidae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Pollock D.A., 2002. 119. Scraptiidae Mulsant 1856, pp. 564-567. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington.

25. Coleoptera, SCYDMAENIDAE Giorgio CASTELLINI The Scydmaenidae are not a particularly speciose family, at least in Europe. Species’ distribution ranges are usually rather wide, but individuals are rarely found in large numbers. They live on the ground, and as far as is known most species are carnivorous and predacious. The family is still fraught with taxonomic and nomenclatural uncertainties, and this would make older literature records for the territory of the Park somewhat unreliable. Less than ten species of Scydmaenidae are recorded with certainty (i.e. identified by analysis of aedeagal structures) from Campania, whereas many more are known from adjacent regions; this could be due to a lower collecting effort by specialists in Campania, but more probably material has been collected from this region and has simply remained unstudied. Considering this, and bearing in mind that there are less than 200 species of Scydmaenidae in Italy, it is reasonable to think that many more species exist in Campania, as well as in the Vesuvius National Park, where the hygrolithicolous fauna, i.e. those species inhabiting the lapillus beds of the Vesuvius, could be particularly interesting. At present, only two species occur with certainty within the Park, both of which belong to recently revised genera. The nomenclature follows that of SánchezTerrón (2005).

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Leptomastax stussineri Reitter, 1880 “Vésuve” (Castellini 1994: 68). The record is based on a specimen labelled “Vésuve”, without the name of the collector, kept in the collection of the Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (Brussels). This species is very rare and known from a few localities of central-southern Italy and the Balkan region, Greece included (Castellini 1994). It is a blind and depigmented species living in the soil, beneath the rotting leaf litter. Palaeostigus ruficornis neapolitanus (Ganglbauer, 1899) OSom3 R+ (cf. Castellini 2006: 111). The record (cf. Castellini 2006) is based on a single specimen. Palaeostigus ruficornis (Motschulsky, 1859) occurs throughout most of southern Europe, from Italy to Turkey, and is divided into four subspecies the distributions of which are rather well defined; P. ruficornis neapolitanus is known of some centralsouthern Italian regions (Latium, Abruzzi, Campania and Basilicata) (Bordoni & Castellini 1973). Species of Palaeostigus Newton, 1998 usually live in large groups among grass or mosses in forests, mostly in mountainous areas. There are two additional species the presence of which in the Park is likely, because they are known from nearby localities. These are Palaeostigus heydeni (Rottenberg, 1870) and P. pilifer (Kraatz, 1879). The former is widespread in southern Italy; a few specimens labelled “Napoli”, all without a collector’s name and captured during the second half of the nineteenth century, are preserved in various European institutions (cf. Bordoni & Castellini 1973); their origin lets suppose a possible occurrence of this species in the Park. Palaeostigus pilifer is also widespread in southern Italy and recorded from a few localities in Campania; it could be present in the Park as it was described from Naples (cf. Bordoni & Castellini 1973). REFERENCES Bordoni A. & Castellini G., 1973. Sulle specie paleartiche del genere Mastigus Latreille con osservazioni su due specie dell’Africa australe (Coleoptera Scydmaenidae). Redia, 54: 295-323. Castellini G., 1994. Revisione del genere Leptomastax Pirazzoli, 1855 (Coleoptera, Scydmaenidae). Atti del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Grosseto, 15 (supplemento): 1-137.

Castellini G., 2006. Pensieri sulla tassonomia e note su alcuni Scydmaenidae Paleartici (Coleoptera). Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale “G. Doria”, 98: 1-121. Sánchez-Terrón A., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Scydmaenidae. In: Alonso-Zarazaga D.A. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 1, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur. org.

26. Coleoptera, SILVANIDAE Enrico RATTI This family contains mainly phytophagous or mycophagous saproxylic, phytodetriticolous or epiphytic species, some of which can cause damage to provisions. The Italian fauna consists of nine genera and about twenty species; some alien species have occasionally been found on vegetables or vegetable products from abroad. Halstead (1980) can be consulted for the systematics of the sole recorded species. Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) EColata P+ ERimbos P+ OCognoli P++ OVallone mc+ A synanthropic cosmopolitan species (fig. 26.1) living in foodstuffs. In the Mediterranean region an autocthonous ‘wild’ stock (the ‘form’ bicornis Erichson, 1845), to which the specimens recorded here belong, occurs; this form is phytodetriticolous in forest or Mediterranean maquis environments, and is characterized by its medium to large size and the horn-shaped expansions at the antennal base of larger males (Ashman & Higgs 1968). The species has been found as a subfossil in the excavations of Herculaneum (79 D.c.) (Dal Monte 1956, as Oryzaephilus sp., 1983). REFERENCES Ashman F. & Higgs G.A., 1968. A horned strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera, Silvanidae) from the Mediterranean Region. Journal of stored Product Research, 4: 203211. Dal Monte G., 1956. La presenza di insetti dei granai in frumento trovato negli scavi di Ercolano. Redia, 41: 23-28, 1 pl. Dal Monte G., 1983. Antichità della diffusione degli Insetti dei cereali immagazzinati. Atti XII Congresso nazionale italiano di Entomologia, Roma, 2: 491-494. Halstead D.G.H., 1980. A revision of the genus Oryzaephilus Ganglbauer, including descriptions of related genera (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 69: 271-374.

415

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Species present in south-eastern France (Provence), in almost all of mainland Italy (except Trentino-Alto Adige and Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and in north-eastern Sicily. It is one of the commonest Italian species in litter siftings, and occurs from sea level to nearly 1700 m, the highest altitudes being reached in the southern regions. This species is recorded also from Naples (cf. Poggi & Sabella 2005). The scarce available data certainly do not provide a realistic picture of the pselaphid assemblage of the Vesuvius area; however, the environmental conditions, especially towards the summit of the volcano, are not particularly favourable to species of this subfamily, which are usually found in humid, wooded situations. Other species (e.g. Euplectus bonvouloiri narentinus Reitter, 1881, Pseudozibus crassipes (Raffray, 1908), Bryaxis pedator (Reitter, 1881), Reichenbachia chevrieri (Aubé, 1844)) are recorded generically from the Naples area (cf. Poggi & Sabella 2005), and some of them may occur in the Park. REFERENCES

Fig. 26.1. Oryzaephilus surinamensis from Venezia (x 31.6) (drawing by G. D’Este).

27. Coleoptera, STAPHYLINIDAE PSELAPHINAE Roberto POGGI The group in question is here considered according to Newton & Thayer (1995). The Italian fauna includes 351 species (Poggi & Sabella 2005). Brachygluta appennina (Saulcy, 1876) Vesuvius, W slope, caldera edge, 1230 m ca, 20.XI.1995 (Whitehead 2000). S-European winged species recorded for southern France, Switzerland, Italy, Sicily and Dalmatia, surely present in all Italian regions. It generally occurs under riparian vegetation along the banks of streams and rivers (cf. Poggi & Sabella 2005). The record from the crater slope is probably accidental, and the specimen in question may have been transported there by wind. Bryaxis italicus (Baudi, 1869) SMaria P+ 416

Newton A.F. jr. & Thayer M.K., 1995. Protopselaphinae new subfamily for Protopselaphus new genus from Malaysia, with a phylogenetic analysis and review of the Omaliine Group of Staphylinidae including Pselaphidae (Coleoptera), pp. 219320. In: Pakaluk J. & Ślipiński S.A. (eds.), Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Volume 2. Museum i Instytut Zoologii, PAN, Warszawa. Poggi R. & Sabella G., 2005. Insecta Coleoptera Staphylinidae Pselaphinae, pp. 183-184. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD. Whitehead P.F., 2000. Coleoptera from the lapilli-beds of Mt Vesuvius, Italy (Insecta). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 132 (1): 23-28.

28. Coleoptera, TENEBRIONIDAE ALLECULINAE Hervé BOUYON Recently incorporated in the Tenebrionidae (cf. Lawrence & Newton 1995), this subfamily includes about 400 species in the western Palaearctic region and about 60 in Italy (Sicily and Sardinia included) (cf. Weise 1978; Gardini 1995; Bouyon 2002). The subfamily is divided into two tribes: the Alleculini, which are widely distributed in all faunal regions, and the Omophlini, which are known only from the Palearctic region. The larvae of the Alleculini – genera Isomira Mulsant, 1856 and Pseudocistela Croctch,

SHORT NOTES

1873 in the following list – develop in old dry rotten wood, some in hollow trees. In the Omophlini – the remaining genera in the list – the larvae live in the soil where they feed on roots of grasses. The adults of both tribes occur on bushes and flowers or in hollow trees. Cteniopus sulphureus (Linnaeus, 1758) EGinestre1 R+ This species is widespread and common in Europe. In Italy it is recorded from all mainland regions and from Sicily (Magistretti 1962, as C. flavus (Scopoli, 1763)).

lepturoides]” (A. Costa 1857: 41, as Omophlus curvipes Dej.). EGigante R+ EOsserv R+ OCognoli R++ Species widely distributed in the Mediterranean area. According to Magistretti (1963) in Italy it occurs from Latium to Sicily, and in Sardinia (Magistretti 1963). Gardini (1995) recorded it with doubt from northern Italy on the basis of a record for Piedmont (Luigioni 1929; Porta 1934) (Gardini, pers. comm.). A. Costa (1843) recorded it also from the Naples environs. Megischina armillata (Brullé, 1832)

Isomira icteropa (Küster, 1852)

EGigante R+

EGinestre0 R+

Species distributed from Italy to the Middle East and in northern Africa. In Italy it is recorded from Latium, and from Abruzzi to Sicily (Magistretti 1962).

This species is widespread in southern Europe (cf. Weise 1974). Two specimens were collected in the Park.

Omophlus dispar (A. Costa, 1847) Isomira melanophtalma (Lucas, 1849) EGinestre1 R+ TFunivia R+ SMaria R+ Species known from mainland Italy, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia and Maghreb (cf. Weise 1974, as I. ferruginea (Küster, 1850)). Isomira testacea Seidlitz, 1896 EColata P+, R+ EGinestre1 R+ EOsserv R+ ERimbos R+ OCognoli R+ SaTrocchia R+ SMaria R+ SMaria1 R+ TFunivia R+ This species is distributed in south-eastern Europe, including Italy and Corsica (cf. Weise 1974). It was recorded also from Naples (Weise 1974).

SMaria1 R+ SMaria2 R+ An Italian endemic recorded from Romagna (Zangheri 1968), Marches, and from Tuscany to Sicily (Magistretti 1962). The record for Emilia (Baudi 1877, as O. dispar Costa), listed also by Luigioni (1929) and Porta (1934), was not confirmed by Magistretti (1962). Baudi (1877) recorded this species also from Sardinia, Portugal and Greece, so he misidentified it at least in part. Omophlus lepturoides (Fabricius 1787) Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 28.VIII.1855, “Pochi individui” (A. Costa 1857: 41, as O. lepturoides Fab.). This species is widespread from southern Europe (reaching Austria and Germany northwards) to Ukraine (Binaghi 1949). In Italy it is common everywhere but more frequent in montane and submontane places (Binaghi 1949). It was recorded also from the surroundings of Naples by A. Costa (1843). Its biology and larva were described by Binaghi (1949).

Megischia curvipes (Brullé, 1832) Omophlus picipes (Fabricius, 1792) Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 28.VIII.1855, “Più frequente del precedente [Omophlus

Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 417

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28.VIII.1855, “Pochi individui” (O.G. Costa 1857: 41, as O. tibialis A. Cost.). South European species, recorded in Italy from all peninsular regions and from Sicily (Magistretti 1963). Pseudocistela ceramboides (Linnaeus, 1761) “ma non questi i soli insetti colà [Vesuvius crater, 23.IV., 1.V., 14.V., 31.V.1826] raccolti. Molti altri ancora n’esistono, ma vagabondi, ed isolati.” (A. Costa 1839a: 55, as “Cistela ceramboides.”) The identification of Costa (1839) needs to be verified, since this record was ignored in the Italian literature at least since Luigioni (1929). Ten species of Alleculinae are recorded from the Vesuvius National Park. One is only known from the southern part of Italy, others are widespread in Europe and in the Mediterranean area. Other species probably occur in the Park: Cteniopus neapolitanus Baudi, 1877, which was described from Naples (Baudi 1877), Isomira anaspiformis Weise, 1978, I. genistae (Rottenberg, 1870), I. parvula (Rottenberg, 1870) and I. parvuloides Weise, 1974, all recorded (the first with doubt) from Naples (Weise 1974). Moreover, the record of “Cistela semiflava Kuest. (= hypocrita Muls.) var. parvula Rott.” from Portici (Baudi 1877: 15) probably refers to one of the above species described by Weise (1978) and/or I. parvula.

reale Accademia delle Scienze, Sezione della Società reale Borbonica, Memorie della reale Accademia delle Scienze, Classe di Fisica, e Storia naturale, Zoologia, 4: 21-53. Gardini G., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XIII (Lagriidae, Alleculidae, Tenebrionidae), pp. 1-17. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 58. Calderini, Bologna. Lawrence J. & Newton A.F. Jr., 1995. Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selected genera, notes, references and data on family-group names), pp. 779-1006. In: Pakaluk J. & Ślipiński S.A. (eds.), Biology, Phylogeny, and Classification of Coleoptera: Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Volume 2. Museum i Instytut Zoologii, PAN, Warszawa. Luigioni P., 1929. I Coleotteri d’Italia. Catalogo sinonimicotopografico-bibliografico. Memorie della pontificia Accademia delle Scienze, I Nuovi Lincei (2), 13, [4] + 1-1159 [+ 1]. Magistretti M., 1962. Ricerche sulla fauna Appenninica. LXV. Coleotteri Edemeridi, Pitidi, Pirocroidi, Melandridi, Lagridi, Alleculidi della Sila. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 10: 195-205. Magistretti M., 1963. Ricerche sulla fauna Appenninica. LXXIII. Coleotteri Edemeridi, Pitidi, Pirocroidi, Melandridi, Lagridi, Alleculidi dell’Appennino siculo. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 11: 313-323. Porta A., 1934. Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. IV. - HeteromeraPhytophaga. Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza, 415 pp. Weise E. (†), 1974. Die Isomira-Arten Mitteleuropas und des Mittelmeer-Raums (Col., Alleculidae). Entomologische Blatter, 70 (2): 65-128. Zangheri P., 1969. Repertorio sistematico e topografico della flora e fauna vivente e fossile della Romagna. Tomo III. Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, Memorie fuori serie, 1: 855-1414.

29. Coleoptera, TENEBRIONIDAE LAGRIINI Gianluca NARDI

REFERENCES Baudi F., 1877. Eteromeri delle famiglie susseguenti a quella dei Tenebrioniti nei limiti della fauna europea e circummediterranea. Atti della reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, 12: 571-729. Binaghi G., 1949. Sull’Omophlus (Odontomophlus) lepturoides F. quale notevole e poco nota parassita dei tuberi di patata (Col. Alleculidae). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 28: 31-60. Bouyon H., 2002. Etude de quelques espèces paléarctiques du genre Isomira Mulsant (Coleoptera Alleculidae). Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, 107 (5): 503-508. Costa A., 1843. Esposizione sommaria. Delle osservazioni raccolte durante l’anno 1842 intorno allo sviluppo ed apparizione successiva degli Insetti nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell’Accademia degli aspiranti Naturalisti di Napoli, 1: 37-68. Costa A., 1857. Osservazioni sugl’insetti che si rinvengono morti nelle fumarole del Vesuvio. Il Giambatista Vico, Giornale scientifico, 1: 39-44. [Costa O.G.], 1839a. Fauna vesuviana ossia descrizione degl’insetti che vivono ne’ fumajoli del cratere Vesuvio. Atti della

418

This tribe, long considered a separate family (Lagriidae), includes 83 genera worldwide (Aalbu et al. 2002). Lagriini are especially numerous in the tropics, and are not very well represented in temperate regions. The Italian fauna contains only three species of the genus Lagria Fabricius, 1775 (Gardini 1995; Merkl 2006). Lagria hirta (Linnaeus, 1758) Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 28.VIII.1855, “Pochi individui” (Costa 1857: 40, as L. pubescens Fab.). EColata P+ EOsserv R+ ERimbos R+ SMaria R+ SMaria1 R+ TFunivia R+

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A euryoecious species, widespread from Iberian Peninsula and Maghreb to Tajikistan and Eastern Siberia (Viñolas & Cartagena 2005; Merkl 2006) and recorded from all Italian regions (Porta 1934). Adult of L. hirta are typical foliage-feeders (Quercus, Tilia, Salix, Rubus, Urtica etc.), whereas the larvae live on the leaf litter of broad-leaved deciduous forests (cf. Zhou & Topp 2000). The Italian phenology is April to October (Bologna 1997). This species has been recorded from around Naples at least since Costa (1843).

Bitoma crenata (Fabricius, 1775) OMsom R+ A Euro-Mediterranean species (cf. Ślipiński 2005) recorded from all Italian regions (cf. Angelini et al. 1995). It is a euryoecious beetle (fig. 30.1) living under the bark of dead trees, chiefly if already dry and exposed to the sun. Larvae and adults are predators of scolytids, other small beetles, larvae of dipterans and mites (Dajoz 1977).

REFERENCES Aalbu R.L., Triplehorn C.A., Campbell J.M., Brown K.W., Somerby R.E. & Thomas D.B., 2002. 106. Tenebrionidae Latreille 1802, pp. 463-509. In: Arnett R.H. jr. (†), Thomas M.C., Skelly P.E. & Frank J.H. (eds.), American Beetles 2, Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington. Bologna M.A., 1997. Ricerche sulla Valle Peligna (Italia centrale, Abruzzo) 22. Coleoptera Lagriidae, Ripiphoridae, Meloidae, Oedemeridae (Insecta), pp. 405-416. In: Osella B.G., Biondi M., Di Marco C. & Riti M. (eds.), Ricerche sulla Valle Peligna (Italia centrale, Abruzzo). Quaderni di Provinciaoggi, L’Aquila, 23. Costa A., 1843. Esposizione sommaria. Delle osservazioni raccolte durante l’anno 1842 intorno allo sviluppo ed apparizione successiva degli Insetti nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell’Accademia degli aspiranti Naturalisti di Napoli, 1: 37-68. Costa A., 1857. Osservazioni sugl’insetti che si rinvengono morti nelle fumarole del Vesuvio. Il Giambatista Vico, Giornale scientifico, 1: 39-44. Gardini G., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XIII (Lagriidae, Alleculidae, Tenebrionidae), pp. 1-17. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 58. Calderini, Bologna. Merkl O., 2006. Redescription of Lagria (Apteronympha) tenenbaumi Pic, 1929, with a checklist of the Western Palaearctic species of the genus Lagria F. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriini). Proceedings of the Russian entomological Society, 77: 219-225. Porta A., 1934. Fauna Coleopterorum Italica. IV. - HeteromeraPhytophaga. Stabilimento Tipografico Piacentino, Piacenza, 415 pp. Viñolas A. & Cartagena M.C., 2005. Fauna de Tenebrionidae de la Península Ibérica y Baleares. Coleoptera Vol. I Lagriinae y Pimeliinae. Argania editio, Barcelona, 428 pp. Zhou H.-Z. & Topp W., 2000. Diapause and polymorphism of life history of Lagria hirta. Entomolgia experimentalis et applicata, 94: 201-210.

30. Coleoptera, ZOPHERIDAE COLYDIINAE Paolo AUDISIO, Gianluca NARDI This family is here considered according to Ślipiński & Lawrence (1999). The Italian fauna includes about 40 species (Ślipiński 2005), which occur chiefly in forested areas.

Fig. 30.1. Bitoma crenata from Ottaviano (x 59.5) (SEM image by D. Avesani).

Corticus celtis (Germar, 1831) EOsserv R+ SMaria P+ Species (fig. 30.2) known from Hungary, Yugoslavia (Ślipiński 2005), Dalmatia, mainland Italy, Sicily and Algeria (Dajoz 1967, 1977, in both cases as Ceratopachys celtis). In Italy it reaches Trieste (Venezia Giulia) and Emilia northwards (Gridelli 1950). Corticus celtis is a predator of xylophagous insects and lives under the bark of broadleaved trees (chiefly 419

SHORT NOTES

Ślipiński S.A. & Lawrence J.F., 1999. Phylogeny and classification of Zopheridae sensu novo (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea: with a review of the genera of Zopherinae (excluding Monommatini), Annales Zoologici, 49: 1-53. Sparacio I., 1997. Coleotteri di Sicilia Parte II. Mediterraneo, Guide Naturalistiche, 4. L’Epos ed., Palermo, 206 pp.

31. Diptera, ANISOPODIDAE Jean-Paul HAENNI This small family of nematoceran Diptera comprises ten European species in genus Sylvicola Harris, 1780, five of which have been reported from Italy (de Jong 2005). The larvae are saprophagous and adults may be found in a wide variety of biotopes. Sylvicola cinctus (Fabricius, 1787) OCognoli P+ OVallone mc+ SMaria P+++

Fig. 30.2. Corticus celtis from Ercolano (x 22.9) (photo by D. Avesani).

Quercus spp. and Fagus sylvatica); during the winter it can be found also under stones (Dajoz 1967, 1977; Sparacio 1997). Further research in the woods of the Park, would probably reveal the presence of a few other species of this family. REFERENCES Angelini F., Audisio P., Bologna M.A., De Biase A., Franciscolo M.E., Nardi G., Ratti E. & Zampetti M.F., 1995. Coleoptera Polyphaga XII (Heteromera escl. Lagriidae, Alleculidae, Tenebrionidae), pp. 1-30. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 57. Calderini, Bologna. Dajoz R., 1967. Notes écologiques sur les Coléoptères de Grèce, de Yougoslavie et d’Italie. I. La faune de quelques hétraies. Cahiers des Naturalistes, 23 (1): 1-12. Dajoz R., 1977. Faune de l’Europe et du bassin méditerranéen. 8. Coléoptères Colydiidae et Anommatidae paléarctiques. Mason ed., Paris, IV + 275 pp. Gridelli E., 1950. Il problema delle specie a diffusione transadriatica con particolare riguardo ai Coleotteri. Memorie di Biogeografia adriatica, 1: 7-299. Ślipiński A.S., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Zopheridae. In: Audisio P. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Coleoptera 2, Beetles. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org

420

The commonest species of the family, widespread in whole Europe. Sylvicola cinctus is apparently recorded here for the first time from southern Italy (cf. Dahl et al. 1995; Rivosecchi & Di Luca 2001). There is no doubt that future research using other collecting techniques could reveal the presence of further species of Sylvicola in the Park. REFERENCES Dahl C., Krivosheina N.P., Krzeminska E., Lucchi A., Nicolai P., Salamanna G., Santini L., Skuhrava M. & Zwick P., 1995. Diptera Blephariceromorpha, Bibionomorpha, Psychodomorpha, Ptychopteromorpha, pp. 1-39. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 64. Calderini, Bologna. de Jong H., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Anisopodidae. In: de Jong H. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Nematocera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org. Rivosecchi L. & Di Luca M., 2001. Note su alcuni Ditteri conservati in musei zoologici di Roma. Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 80: 159-181.

32. Diptera, ASILIDAE Daniele BIRTELE Asilidae are voracious predators of other insects, both in the larval and adult stages. Adults stay in ambush on vegetation and wait for a potential prey to pass by; the prey is then chased after and caught by the fly’s long legs. The Italian fauna includes 146 species (cf. Birtele 2004). The nomenclature follows Geller-Grimm (2005).

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Asilus sp. “agro di Resina, di Torre del Greco” (Lupo 1949). Lupo (1949) recorded it as a predator of Anomala ausonia Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera, Scarabeoidea, Rutelidae). Machimus fimbriatus (Meigen, 1804) SaOlivella R+ SMaria2 R+ Species known from most parts of Europe, Asiatic Turkey and Tunisia (Lehr 1988; Geller-Grimm 2005); in Italy it is recorded from mainland regions (cf. Contini et al. 1995). Asilidae are characteristic elements of dry, open and sunny biotopes, so surely many other species occur in the Vesuvius National Park. Costa (1843) recorded the following species from the environs of Naples, some of which possibly also occur in the Park: Asilus crabroniformis (Linnaeus, 1758), Dioctria hyalipennis (Fabricius, 1794), as “Dioctria flavipes”, Pogonosoma maroccanum (Fabricius, 1794), as “Laphria maroccana”, and Tolmerus atricapillus (Fallén, 1814), as “Asilus plebejus”. Moreover, Tolmerus poecilogaster (Loew, 1849) was recorded from Portici (Castellani 1967, as Machimus poecilogaster Loew) near the border of the Park, but this record needs checking as this species in Italy is known with certainty only from northern regions (cf. Contini et al. 1995). REFERENCES Birtele D., 2004. Dati preliminari sugli Asilidae (Diptera), pp. 217-228. In: Cerretti P., Hardersen S., Mason F., Nardi G., Tisato M. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana, Secondo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 3. Cierre Grafica Editore, Verona. Castellani O., 1967. XIV contributo alla conoscenza degli Asilidi paleartici (Diptera Brachycera Asilidae: Machimus, Antipalus). Bollettino dell’Associazione romana di Entomologia, 21 (4) (1966): 49-55. Contini C., Lyneborg L., Majer J.M., Rivosecchi L. & Zaitzev V.F., 1995. Diptera Nemestrinoidea, Asiloidea, Bombyloidea, pp. 1-19. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 68. Calderini, Bologna. Costa A., 1843. Esposizione sommaria delle osservazioni raccolte durante l’anno 1842 intorno allo sviluppo ed apparizione successiva degli Insetti nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell’Accademia degli aspiranti Naturalisti di Napoli, 1: 37-68. Geller-Grimm F., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Asilidae. In Pape T.

(ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2. http://www.faunaeur.org. Lehr P.A., 1988. Family Asilidae, pp. 197-326. In: Soós Á. & Papp L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 5. Athericidae - Asilidae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. Lupo V., 1949. Studio biologico sull’Anomala ausonia var. neapolitana Reitt. Bollettino del R. Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria di Portici, 9: 78-110.

33. Diptera, BOMBYLIIDAE Daniele BIRTELE This family is represented in Italy by about 250 species (Greathead 2005). The adults visit flowers and are active during the warmest times of the year in open areas (cf. Hall 1989). The larvae are parasitoids of larvae of several insect orders (Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Orthoptera) and spiders’ eggs (Hall 1989). Information on the general and Italian distribution of each species is taken from Contini et al. (1995), Evenhuis & Greathead (1999), Greathead (2005) and Birtele (unpublished). The nomenclature used follows Evenhuis & Greathead (1999). All examined material is kept in the CNBF collection. I am grateful to late Dr D. J. Greathead for kindly confirming my identifications. Bombylius fulvescens Wiedemann, 1820 EGigante R+ EGinestre1 R+ SaOlivella R+ SMaria2 R+ TFunivia R+ Species of the genus Bombylius Linnaeus, 1758 are parasites of the larvae of solitary bees nesting in the ground (Stubbs & Drake 2001). Bombylius fulvescens is distributed in central-southern Europe, Tunisia and Palaearctic Asia (reaching Tajikistan and China (?) eastwards); in Italy it is known from practically all regions. Hemipenthes velutina (Meigen, 1820) EGigante R+ The larvae of this genus are hyperparasites of ichneumonid wasps and tachinid flies parasitoids of Lepidoptera (Engel 1937). Hemipenthes velutina is widespread in Europe (reaching Poland and Russia northwards), North Africa and Asia (reaching and China to the east). In Italy it is known from practically all regions. 421

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Phthiria gaedii Wiedemann, 1820

Xylophagidae. British Entomological and Natural History Society, Dorchester, 512 pp.

SMaria2 R+ Species of Phthiria Meigen, 1820 are parasites of larvae of microlepidoptera (Stubbs & Drake 2001). Phthiria gaedii is distributed throughout most of Europe, in North Africa and Asia (Israel, Iran and Afghanistan); in Italy it is recorded from mainland regions and Sardinia. Villa hottentotta (Linnaeus, 1758) EGigante R+ The larvae of this species are parasites of caterpillars and chrysalises of Lepidoptera Noctuidae (genera Mamestra Ochsenheimer 1816, Agrotis Ochsenheimer 1816 and Panolis Hübner 1821) (Seguy 1926). Villa hottentotta occurs in Europe, Maghreb and Asia (reaching China). In Italy it is known from practically all regions. The bombyliid species so far recorded from the Vesuvius National Park are only four; further research aimed specifically at collecting these flies would almost certainly reveal the presence of many more species. REFERENCES Contini C., Lyneborg L., Majer J.M., Rivosecchi L. & Zaitzev V.F., 1995. Diptera Nemestrinoidea, Asiloidea, Bombyloidea, pp. 1-19. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 68. Calderini, Bologna. Engel E., 1937. Bombyliidae, pp. 1-619. In: Lindner E. (ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, IV (3), 25. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. Band IV/3. Evenhuis N.L. & Greathead D.J., 1999. World Catalogue of Bee Flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys, Leiden, 48. 756 pp. Greathead D.J., 2005. Fauna Europea: Bombyliidae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europea version 1.2, http:/www.faunaeur.org. Hall J.R., 1989. 45. Bombyliidae, pp. 589-602. In: McAlpine J.F. & Wood D.M. (eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monographs 28, Ottawa. Seguy E., 1926. Faune de France. 13. Diptéres (Brachycéres). Federation française des Societés de Sciences naturelles, Paris, 190 pp. Stubbs A.E. & Drake M., 2001. British soldierflies and their allies. An illustrated guide to their identification and ecology, covering all flies (Diptera) in the families Acroceridae, Asilidae, Athericidae, Bombyliidae, Rhagionidae, Scenopinidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Xylomyidae and

422

34. Diptera, CECIDOMYIIDAE Marcela SKUHRAVÁ Gall midges forming the family Cecidomyiidae are one of the largest families of Diptera, with more than 5,600 species described worldwide (Gagné 2004). In the Palaearctic Region about 2,200 species are known (Skuhravá 1986), approximately of which 1,700 occur in Europe. There were 324 species known to be present in Italy in 1995 (Skuhravá & Skuhravý 1994; Dahl et al. 1995). Since then, the number of gall midge species known to Italy has increased to 490 due to the contributions of Mamaev (1997), Mamaev & Zaitzev (1998), and Tomasi (2006), and to intensive investigations carried out in northern Italy (Skuhravá et al. 2001; Skuhravá & Skuhravý 2005). Gall midges are small flies with a body length of 0.5-3 mm, rarely reaching 6-8 mm. Most larvae are phytophagous, causing galls on various organs of host plants or living freely in flowerheads or stems of plants without causing galls; few larvae are mycophagous, living in mushrooms and rusts, or zoophagous, preying on larvae of other gall midges, aphids, mites, coccids and other arthropods (Skuhravá et al. 1984). Gall midges are usually collected by active searching for galls on host plants. The nomenclature follows Skuhravá (1986) and Gagné (2004). Dasineura affinis (Kieffer, 1886) Resina (Colizza 1928, as Dasyneura affinis Kieff.). Larvae of this species cause galls (fig. 34.1) in the form of a rolled leaf margin on Viola reichenbachiana (= V. sylvestris) (Violaceae). Colizza (1928) found galls of D. affinis at Resina. This species is widespread in the western part of the Palaearctic Region. Lestodiplosis sp. Boscoreale, 20.I.2003, 3.IV.2003 (Sasso & Viggiani 2003). Boscotrecase, 22.II.2003 (Sasso & Viggiani 2003). The zoophagous larvae of this species develop in galls caused (fig. 34.2.) by the mite Phytoptus avellanae Nalepa, 1889 (Acarina, Eriophyoidea) on leaf buds of Corylus avellana (Corylaceae). They prey upon the mites inside the galls. Sasso & Viggiani (2003) found larvae of this species at Boscoreale and Boscotrecase

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Fig. 34.1. Two galls of Dasineura affinis on a leaf of Viola reichenbachiana (left) in comparison with a leaf without galls (right) from Calabria (photo by V. Skuhravý).

in 2003. It is the first record of the occurrence of larvae of the genus Lestodiplosis Kieffer, 1894 in galls of Phytoptus avellanae. Probably it is a new species for science, but this problem will be solved in a revision of the genus Lestodiplosis. This species is, according to present knowledge, endemic to Italy. The following eight additional species were recorded from areas surrounding the Vesuvius National Park: Asphondylia borzi (Stefani, 1898), A. coronillae (Vallot, 1829), Dasineura ericaescopariae (Dufour, 1837), D. viciae (Kieffer, 1888), Diodaulus linariae (Winnertz, 1853), Dryomyia lichtensteinii (F. Löw, 1878), Mayetiola bromicola Roberti, 1953 and Myricomyia mediterranea (F. Löw, 1885). According to the character of gall midge occurrence and their close associa-

Fig. 34.2. Galls of mites Phytoptus avellanae on branches of Corylus avellana from Calabria where the larvae of Lestodiplosis sp. were found to prey on mites (photo by V. Skuhravý).

tion with host plants, it is possible to suppose that all these species occur also inside the territory of the Park. The larvae of Asphondylia borzi develop inside flower buds of Rhamnus alaternus (Rhamnaceae) and change them into galls; a solitary whitish larva lives and pupates in each gall. Silvestri (1908: 11, as A. Borzii Stef.) found galls of this Mediterranean species near Portici. Asphondylia coronillae larvae cause galls (fig. 34.3) on pods of Coronilla emerus (Fabaceae). Trotter & Cecconi (1900-1917) found galls in the surroundings of Naples in 1902. It is a Mediterranean species reaching farthest north in Italy (Skuhravá et al. 2001). Dasineura ericaescopariae larvae cause large cone-shaped galls (fig. 34.4) on branches of Erica scoparia and E. arborea (Ericaceae). Trotter (1922) searched in the old literature for records of galls of various insects and found a very old record on the occurrence of this species in the book of Cyrillo Domenico (1785). The galls of this Mediterranean species were very abundant on Erica arborea in the surroundings of Naples in 1785. Dasineura viciae larvae cause galls (fig. 34.5) on young leaflets of Vicia villosa (= V. dasycarpa) (Fabaceae). Trotter & Cecconi (1900-1917) found galls at Solfatara di Pozzuoli (Naples) in 1902. It is a Euro-Siberian species. Diodaulus linariae larvae cause fusiform leaf galls on Linaria vulgaris (Scrophulariaceae). Trotter (1903) found galls on Linaria purpurea at Nisida [= Nisida Island] in 1900. This Euro-Siberian species reaches

Fig. 34.3. Galls of Asphondylia coronillae on pods of Coronilla emerus from Calabria (photo by V. Skuhravý).

423

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Fig. 34.4. Galls of Dasineura ericaescopariae on branches of Erica arborescens from Calabria (photo by V. Skuhravý).

the most southern limits of its European distribution at Naples. Dryomyia lichtensteinii larvae cause hard galls on leaves of Quercus ilex (Fagaceae). Silvestri (1916: 300) found galls of this species near Portici. It is a rare Mediterranean taxon occurring in southernmost France, Portugal, Spain (Mallorca), Italy, Croatia, Greece, Algeria and Morocco. Mayetiola bromicola larvae live gregariously between the stem and the sheet of various species of Bromus (Poaceae), causing swellings on the stems. Roberti (1953) found the galls at Portici and described the species. It is a Central European species (Italian mainland, Hungary and the Czech Republic) at the present

state of knowledge, the finding at Portici being the southernmost record. Myricomyia mediterranea is a Mediterranean species the larvae of which cause small globular galls on branches of Erica arborea. The occurrence of these galls was reported from “Pozzuoli bei Neapel” (Hieronymus 1890) and Portici (Masi 1907: 262; Silvestri 1907: 134, in both cases as Cecidomyia mediterranea). At present ten gall midge species are known to occur in the Vesuvius area. According to the character of gall midge occurrence and their close association with host plants, it is possible to suppose that all these species occur also within the territory of the Park. No recent investigations of the gall midge fauna of the territory of the Vesuvius National Park has been carried out, but the plant species richness is promising for the finding of many gall midges galls. It is interesting to point out that the first galls, identified by Trotter (1922) as caused by larvae of Dasineura ericaescopariae, were found already in 1785. Galls of five other species, viz. Asphondylia coronillae, Diodaulus linariae, Myricomyia mediterranea and Dasineura viciae, were recorded between 1890-1902, galls of Dasineura affinis in 1928 and zoophagous larvae of an undescribed species of Lestodiplosis preying in galls on mites Phytoptus avellanae were discovered in 2003 by Sasso & Viggiani (2003). From a zoogeographical point of view, five of the ten gall midge species recorded in the neighbourhood of the Vesuvius National Park are species occupying Mediterranean areas of distribution, two species are Euro-Siberian and three are European species. Only Dasineura affinis, occupies large area of Europe with isolated occurrence in northern Africa. Gall midges are specifically associated with their host plants and occur permanently in places where they have developed for long years, usually with fluctuating population densities. Probably all gall midge species found in the neighbourhood of the Vesuvius National Park in the past still occur there today. We hope that in this area other interesting gall midge species will be discovered in the future, inhabiting various host plants occurring in the Park. REFERENCES

Fig. 34.5. Galls of Dasineura viciae on leaflets of Vicia sp. from Calabria (photo by V. Skuhravý).

424

Colizza C., 1928. Il moscerino delle viole (Dasyneura affinis Kieff., Diptera Cecydomyidae) nell’Italia meridionale. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale ed agraria del R. Istituto superiore agrario di Portici, 21: 130-148. Cyrillo D., 1785. Fundamenta Botanica sive Philosofia Botanica explicatio, Neapoli. [Not examined cited by Trotter 1922]. Dahl C., Krivosheina N.P., Krzeminska E., Lucchi A., Nicolai P., Salamanna G., Santini L., Skuhravá M. & Zwick P.,

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1995. Diptera Blephariceromorpha, Bibionomorpha, Psychodomorpha, Ptychopteromorpha, pp. 1-39. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 64. Calderini, Bologna. Gagné R.J., 2004. A catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the world. Memoirs of the entomological Society of Washington, 25: 1-408. Hieronymus G., 1890. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der europäischen Zoocecidien und der Verbreitung derselben. Jahresbericht der Schlessischen Gesellschaft für Vaterlandische Cultur, Breslau, 68: 49-272. Mamaev B.M., 1997. New genus of gall-midges, Dallaiella Mamaev, gen. nov. (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Entomologica, 30: 69-72. Mamaev B.M. & Zaitzev A.I., 1998. Records of free developing gall midges in Italy, with description of four new species (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Entomologica, 31 (1997): 125132. Masi L., 1907. Contribuzioni alla conoscenza dei Calcididi italiani. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 1: 231-295 + errata-corrige. Roberti D., 1953. Contributo alla conoscenza delle specie italiane di Mayetiola Kieffer (Diptera - Cecidomyiidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria “Filippo Silvestri”, 12: 98-153. Sasso R. & Viggiani G., 2003. Su una Lestodiplosis sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) associata a Phytoptus avellanae Nalepa (Acarina: Eriophyoidea). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria “Filippo Silvestri”, 58 (2002): 93-99. Silvestri F., 1907. La tignola dell’olivo. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 2: 83-184. Silvestri F., 1908. Descrizione e cenni biologici di una nuova specie di Asphondylia dannosa al Lupino. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 3: 1-11. Silvestri F., 1916. Contribuzioni alla conoscenza biologica degli Imenotteri parassiti. V. Sviluppo del Platygaster dryomyidae Silv. (Fam. Proctotrupidae). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 11: 298-326. Skuhravá M., 1986. Cecidomyiidae: pp. 72-297. In: Soós Á. & Papp L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, 4. Sciaridae - Anisopodidae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. Skuhravá M. & Skuhravý V., 1994. Gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Italy. Entomologica, 28: 45-76. Skuhravá M. & Skuhravý V., 2005. Die Gallmückenfauna (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) Südtirols: 5. Gallmücken des Unterlandes. Gredleriana, 5: 285-310. Skuhravá M., Skuhravý V. & Brewer J.W., 1984. Biology of Gall Midges, pp. 169-222. In: Ananthakrishnan T.N. (ed.), Biology of Gall Insects. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta. Skuhravá M., Skuhravý V. & Hellrigl K., 2001. Die Gallmückenfauna (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera) Südtirols, ein Beitrag zur Gallmückenfauna Italiens. Gredleriana, 1: 83-132. Tomasi E., 2006. La cecidoteca del Friuli Venezia Giulia - I fitozoocecidi del Friuli Venezia Giulia nelle collezioni del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste. Museo civico di Storia naturale, Trieste, Cataloghi 5: 1-128. Trotter A., 1903. Nuovi zoocecidii della flora italiana. Marcellia, 2: 7-23.

Trotter A., 1922. Miscellanee cecidologiche. VI (1). La piú antica bibliografia cecidologica. Marcellia 19 (1920): 63-68. Trotter A. & Cecconi G., 1900-1917. Cecidotheca Italica. Padova e Avellino, Fasc. 1-23, No. 1-575.

35. Diptera, CONOPIDAE Maurizio MEI The Conopidae are a cosmopolitan family of parasitoid flies comprising about 60 genera and 800 species worldwide. The adults are found on flowers, whereas the larvae of the three subfamilies occurring in Europe, the Conopinae, Myopinae and Dalmanniinae, are endoparasitic on aculeate Hymenoptera. In Italy there are 11 genera and at least 66 species of Conopidae (Mei et al. 2005 and unpublished). Sicus ferrugineus (Linnaeus, 1761) EGigante R+ Species of Palaearctic distribution, widespread and common also in Italy where it is the most frequently collected conopid (Mei et al. 2005). At the larval stage it is an internal parasitoid of adult Bombus species (Hymenoptera, Apidae). The only record of this species for Campania, one of the least investigated Italian regions with regard to this family, is probably the old one by Costa (1843: 56, as Myopa ferruginea) for the surroundings of Naples. REFERENCES Costa A., 1843. Esposizione sommaria. Delle osservazioni raccolte durante l’anno 1842 intorno allo sviluppo ed apparizione successiva degli Insetti nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell’Accademia degli aspiranti Naturalisti di Napoli, 1: 3768. Mei M., Rivosecchi L. & Scaramozzino P.L., 2005. Insecta Diptera Conopidae, pp. 247-248. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD.

36. Diptera, DROSOPHILIDAE Gerhard BÄCHLI Drosophilidae are rather small flies, generally yellowish-brown with a patterned abdomen or dark brown. Their larvae are generally either fruit feeders, fungus feeders, or live in decaying plant material. The great importance of some species in evolutionary and genetic studies is well known. Usually, fermenting baits are used for collecting adults. The fauna of mainland 425

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Italy is represented by more than 50 species, out of the about 120 species occurring in the West Palearctic (Bächli et al. 1995, 2004; Bächli 2005). For the study of polymorphisms in natural populations of e.g. Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 or D. subobscura Collin, 1936, flies of these species have been collected almost all over Italy. On the other hand, considering that only few extensive faunal studies with baiting methods – all in northern Italy – have been undertaken (Nigro 1979, 1983; Band et al. 2003, 2005), it can be assumed that the faunal situation is not well known. The fauna of the Vesuvius volcano area was previously unknown, the nearest area studied being Latium (Bächli 1997; Merz 2005). The material is keep in the CNBF collection. Drosophila funebris (Fabricius, 1887) OVallone mc+ SMaria P+ This is a domestic species, widespread in agricultured areas. It has already been recorded in central Italy by Di Girolamo & Mancini (1988) and Bächli (1997).

SMaria P++ Drosophila phalerata is a fungus breeder. It was already found in northern and central Italy (e.g. Zangheri 1950, 1969; Nigro 1979; Band et al. 2003, 2006). The southernmost Italian record was from Latium (Merz 2005). Drosophila simulans Sturtevant, 1919 ERimbos P++ OCognoli P++ OVallone mc++ SMaria P++ This is a domestic species. Its occurrence in large numbers in the Vesuvius National Park is a rather uncommon event, in particular because no specimens of D. melanogaster were found. The latter species, which is also domestic, was collected in many Italian localities for laboratory studies. While D.melanogaster is usually more common than D. simulans, there are some observations of the contrary (Burla & Bächli 1991; Bächli unpublished). Drosophila subobscura Collin, 1936

Drosophila helvetica Burla, 1948 OCognoli P+ SMaria P+ Drosophila helvetica is widespread in Europe. Italian records are from Venetia (Nigro 1979, 1983), Lombardy (Band et al. 2003), Piedmont (Band et al. 2006) and southern Latium (Merz 2005). Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant, 1921 ERimbos P+ OCognoli P+ OVallone mc++ SMaria P++ This is a domestic species, but widespread also in woodland areas. It was abundant in the lower Vesuvius National Park sites, but rare at higher altitude sites. Drosophila phalerata Meigen, 1830 ERimbos P+ OCognoli P+ OVallone mc+ 426

ERimbos P++ EColata P+ OCognoli P++ OVallone mc+++ SMaria P+++ As the (chromosomal) polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura is of particular interest, many local Italian populations have been screened (reviewed by Krimbas & Loukas 1980). That it is the most abundant species in the Vesuvius National Park was to be expected. Hirtodrosophila cameraria (Haliday, 1838) ERimbos P+ OCognoli P+ SMaria P+ Hirtodrosophila cameraria is a fungus feeder widespread in Europe. As Shorrocks (1979) has shown, it is, among the fungal species guild, more abundant in southern Europe than in other parts of the continent.

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Scaptomyza graminum (Fallén, 1823) ERimbos P+ This is a mining species, with larvae living in various species of plants, and very common everywhere (e.g. Bächli 2002, 2004). A single specimen was collected. Scaptomyza pallida (Zetterstedt, 1838) ERimbos P+ Larvae of Scaptomyza pallida live in decaying plant material. This is one of the commonest species worldwide, and is particularly abundant in grassland and undergrowth layers. Only one specimen was recorded. Nine species of Drosophilidae are recorded from the Vesuvius National Park. All specimens of Drosophilidae were collected in pitfall traps. This is not an effective collecting method, particularly because the specimens are not conserved in the best condition. The trapping of over 1,200 flies was obviously influenced by the vinegar contained in the traps. By using standard fermenting baits the odour of vinegar is also present, particularly in the older, decomposing baits. REFERENCES Bächli G., 1997. Diptera Drosophilidae, pp. 280-281. In: Zapparoli M. (ed.), Gli Insetti di Roma. Dip. X Risorsa Suolo e Tutela Ambiente, Quaderni dell’Ambiente, 6. Palombi editore, Roma. Bächli G., 2002. Drosophilidae, p. 128. In: Mason F., Cerretti P., Tagliapietra A., Speight M.C.D. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana Bosco della Fontana, Primo contributo. Conservazione habitat Invertebrati, 1. Gianluigi Arcari editore, Mantova. Bächli G., 2004. Diptera, Drosophilidae, pp. 288-289. In: Cerretti P., Hardersen S., Mason F., Nardi G., Tisato M. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana, Secondo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 3. Cierre Grafica Editore, Verona. Bächli G., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Drosophilidae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org. Bächli G., Canzoneri S. & Papp L., 1995. Diptera Ephydroidea, pp. 1-10. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 76. Calderini, Bologna. Bächli G., Vilela C.R., Andersson Escher S. & Saura A., 2004. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 39. The Drosophilidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Brill, Leiden, 362 pp. Band H.T., Bächli G. & Band R.N., 2005. Behavioral constancy

for interspecies dependency enables Nearctic Chymomyza amoena (Loew) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to spread in orchards and forests in Central and Southern Europe. Biological Invasions, 7: 309-530. Band H.T., Band R.N. & Bächli G., 2003. Nearctic Chymomyza amoena (Loew) is breeding in parasitized chestnuts and domestic apples in Northern Italy and is widespread in Austria. Mitteilungen der schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 76: 307-318. Burla H. & Bächli G., 1991. Beitrag zur Kenntnis von Substraten, in denen sich Drosophiliden-Arten entwickeln. Mitteilungen der schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 64: 4553. Di Girolamo I. & Mancini L., 1988. Le Mosche sinantropiche della collezione ditterologica dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ex collezione Saccà) (Diptera, Brachycera). Bollettino dell’Associazione romana di Entomologia, 42 (1987): 21-35. Krimbas C.D. & Loukas M., 1980. The Inversion polymorphism of Drosophila subobscura. Evolutionary Biology, 12: 163234. Merz B., 2005. The Diptera Brachycera of the Circeo National Park, pp. 199-209. In: Zerunian S. (ed.), Habitat, flora e fauna del Parco Nazionale del Circeo. Ufficio Gestione Beni ex ASFD di Sabaudia - Parco Nazionale del Circeo. Nigro L., 1979. Preliminary data on the distribution of Drosophilids population in Veneto (Italy). Bollettino di Zoologia, 46: 109-111. Nigro L., 1983. Contribution à l’étude des Drosophilides de la Vénétie. Vie et Milieu, 31 (1981): 319-322. Shorrocks B., 1977. An ecological classification of European Drosophila species. Oecologia, 26: 335-345. Zangheri P., 1950. Fauna di Romagna. Ditteri. 2a parte. Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 29: 68-95. Zangheri P., 1969. Repertorio sistematico e topografico della flora e fauna vivente e fossile della Romagna. Tomo III. Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, Memorie fuori serie, 1: 855-1414.

37. Diptera, LAUXANIIDAE Pierfilippo CERRETTI The Lauxaniidae are a rather large and diverse family with around 1,800 described species, but with only about 160 species known in Europe (Merz 2005). Most European species are uniformly yellow, differences between them are often small and identification is safely possible only by the study of the terminalia. The Lauxaniidae are among the most abundant acalyptrate Diptera in forest ecosystems in the temperate and tropical parts of the world. Their larvae are saprophagous or mycetophagous and play an important role in the decomposition of leaf litter. Adults are often found on low shrubs and herbs in shady places (cf. Papp & Shatalkin 1998). The Italian fauna includes about 75 species (Merz et al. 2005). The nomenclature used follows Merz et al. (2005). All material is keep in the CNBF collection. B. Merz (Département d’Entomologie, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève) is kindly thanked for 427

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the determination of the samples. Minettia punctiventris (Rondani, 1868) SMaria P+ Up until now this is an endemic Italian species (Merz et al. 2005), but it may also occur in other neighbouring countries (e.g. Spain, Greece). Sapromyza bisigillata Rondani, 1868 ERimbos P+ Sapromyza tuberculosa Becker, 1895 EColata #R+ Minettia subvittata (Loew, 1847) and M. flavipalpis (Loew 1847) were recorded from the Naples environs (Loew 1847, in both cases as Sapromyza; Merz 2004) and probably occur also in the Park. Moreover, many additional species can be expected in the Vesuvius National Park with a more extensive search; for example, in the Circeo National Park (Latium), which is located relatively nearby (about 120 km North-West of Vesuvius), 15 species were collected by hand-net in only three days (Merz 2005). REFERENCES Loew H., 1847. Dipterologische Beiträge. Dritter Theil. Über die europäischen Arten der Gattung Sapromyza. Jahresbericht des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Posen für 1846: 25-44. Merz B., 2004. Revision of the Minettia fasciata species-group (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Revue suisse de Zoologie, 111 (1): 183-211. Merz B., 2005. The Diptera Brachycera of the Circeo National Park, pp. 199-209. In: Zerunian S. (ed.), Habitat, flora e fauna del Parco Nazionale del Circeo. Ufficio Gestione Beni ex ASFD di Sabaudia - Parco Nazionale del Circeo. Merz B., Bystrowski C. & Richter V.A. & Shatalkin A.I., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Lauxaniidae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org. Papp L. & Shatalkin A.I., 1998. 3.37. Family Lauxaniidae, pp. 383-400. In: Papp L. & Darvas B. (eds.), Contributions to a manual of Palaearctic Diptera. Volume 3. Science Herald, Budapest.

38. Diptera, MYCETOPHILIDAE Peter J. CHANDLER The Mycetophilidae, with more than 950 species in the European fauna, comprises the greater part of the species belonging to the five families of Sciaroidea re428

garded as fungus gnats, many of which develop in the fruiting bodies of the larger fungi or in rotten wood while the biology of many others remains unknown. The Italian fauna of this group is still poorly known compared to some other European countries and the present state of knowledge was described by Chandler (2004). The occurrence of 254 species of Mycetophilidae on the Italian mainland was reported by Chandler (2005, not updated from the original 2004 version), who recorded a further eight species either from Sardinia or Sicily. Many of these records were based on museum specimens, particularly from the Alps, and are yet to be formally recorded from Italy. Chandler (2004) described two new species of the genus Leia Meigen, 1818 from northern Italy, bringing the total Italian fauna to 264 while more than 500 species might be expected to occur in the country. The material collected from Vesuvius National Park was dominated by one species, with only single examples of three other species. Coelosia fusca Bezzi, 1892 SMaria P+ One female of this species was recorded. This is widespread in central and western Europe and also occurs in Cyprus, Israel and the Canary Islands, occurring in open as well as forested habitats. It has been reared in Portugal from terrestrial agaric fungi of the genera Cortinarius, Lepista and Omphalotus (Ribeiro 1990). Docosia sp. SMaria P+ Only a single female of this species was recorded and males are required for certain determination in this genus. In the recent key to the Czech and Slovak species of Docosia Winnertz, 1863 (Laštovka & Ševčík 2006) this specimen runs to D. expectata Laštovka & Ševčík, 2006 newly described in that paper but known to be widespread in Europe. However, the genus is well represented in the Mediterranean region and the finding of males would be necessary to confirm the identity of the present record. Mycomya permixta Väisänen, 1984 ERimbos P+++ OCognoli P+ This was the predominant species in this material.

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A few examples were found in a mixed chestnut Castanea grove at 600 metres during the period from 28 September to 14 December 2000, while it was evidently abundant in an area subject to reafforestation by Pinus sp. and Genista aetnensis at 960 metres. This is a Holarctic species that is widespread in Europe and in Italy has been recorded from Sicily, but not previously from the Italian mainland. Its biology is not well known but it has been recorded from both forests and bogs in northern Europe and has once been reared from the terrestrial bolete fungus Leccinum scabrum in Finland (Väisänen 1984). Mycomya prominens Väisänen, 1984 ERimbos P+ A single male of this species was recorded from the area being reafforested. This is a common species that is widespread in western Europe and the Mediterranean region and is recorded from Israel and Madeira. It mainly occurs in forest habitats and has been reared in England from encrusting fungi growing on rotten wood (Väisänen 1984). The larvae of some other members of the genus are known to form a slimy web on the surface of the fungus. It is difficult to draw many conclusions from the small material examined. This group is principally associated with forest habitats and is richest in ancient forests with a range of saproxylic habitats and a diversity of their fungus hosts. The three species identified are all widespread in Europe and evidently capable of colonising newly created habitats but there is no obvious reason why other equally mobile species were not also found in this survey. The abundance of Mycomya permixta is particularly interesting as it had not previously been recorded from the mainland of Italy; it was also numerous in samples recently examined from Sardinia, where it is also autumn and winter flying in contrast to the closely related but spring flying M. maura (Walker, 1856) which was numerous at Bosco della Fontana (Chandler 2004) and also present in spring samples from Sardinia.

Jong H. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.5, http://www.faunaeur.org. Laštovka, P. & Ševčík, J., 2006. A review of the Czech and Skovak species of Docosia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with atlas of the male and female terminalia. Časopis Slezského Muzea v Opave, Opava (A), 55: 1-37. Ribeiro E., 1990. Contribution to the study of Fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophiloidea) of Portugal. II. Seven new records. Boletim da Sociedade portuguesa da Entomologia, 118: 173-196. Väisänen R., 1984. A monograph of the genus Mycomya Rondani in the Holarctic region (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Acta zoologica fennica, 177: 1-346.

39. Diptera, PLATYSTOMATIDAE Leo RIVOSECCHI Most species of Platystomatidae live in humid and shady forests. The larvae are saproxylophagous and live in trunk cavities of trees, into the debris produced by the excavations of xylophagous coleopteran larvae. The European fauna numbers two genera and 20 species, 8 of which are recorded also from Italy (Korneyev et al. 2005). The nomenclature follows Korneyev et al. (2005). All material is keep in the CNBF collection. Platystoma lugubre lugubre (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) EColata P+ ERimbos R+, P+ OCognoli P++ OVallone mc++ SaOlivella R+ SMaria P++ This species (fig. 39.1) is widespread in Europe and very common in Italy (Rivosecchi 2000, 2002 in both cases as P. lugubre).

REFERENCES Chandler P.J., 2004. Fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea: Ditomyiidae, Keratoplatidae and Mycetophilidae), pp. 195-203. In: Cerretti P., Hardersen S., Mason F., Nardi G., Tisato M. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana, Secondo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 3. Cierre Grafica Editore, Verona. Chandler P.J., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Mycetophilidae. In: de

Fig. 39.1. Platystoma lugubre lugubre (x 8.0) (from Rivosecchi & Osella 1997). 429

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Platystoma plantatione (Rondani, 1869)

Stevenia deceptoria (Loew, 1847)

OVallone mc+

OPrinc R+

Two sole specimens of this rare South-European species were trapped. It was apparently unrecorded from southern Italy (Rivosecchi 2000, as P. plantationis (Rondani, 1869)).

A South-European (Herting 1961, 1993) thermophilous species, widespread in Italy at low altitudes; very common in the Mediterranean biome.

At least four species of Platystomatidae occur in southern mainland Italy (cf. Belcari et al. 1995; Korneyev et al. 2005), so further studies may bring to the discovery of additional species in the Park. REFERENCES Korneyev V.A., Bystrowski C. & Richter V.A., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Platystomatidae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Belcari A., Girolami V., Rivosecchi L. & Zaitzev V.F., 1995. Diptera Tephritoidea, pp. 1-13. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 72. Calderini, Bologna. Rivosecchi L., 2000. Contributo alla conoscenza delle specie italiane del genere Platystoma (Diptera, Platystomatidae). Fragmenta entomologica, 32 (1): 163-179. Rivosecchi L., 2002. Platystomatidae, p. 121. In: Mason F., Cerretti P., Tagliapietra A., Speight M.C.D. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana, Primo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 1. Gianluigi Arcari Editore, Mantova. Rivosecchi L. & Osella G., 1997. Ricerche sulla Valle Peligna (Italia centrale, Abruzzo) 15. Su alcuni Ditteri catturati con trappole a caduta (Insecta), pp. 283-299. In: Osella B.G., Biondi M., Di Marco C. & Riti M. (eds.), Ricerche sulla Valle Peligna (Italia centrale, Abruzzo). Quaderni di Provinciaoggi, L’Aquila.

40. Diptera, RHINOPHORIDAE Pierfilippo CERRETTI The Rhinophoridae are a small family of woodlouseparasitizing calyptrates. Most genera are only found in the Western Palaearctic region (Crosskey 1977; Herting 1993). The Italian fauna includes 24 species (Pape 2005; Cerretti, unpublished). Paykullia nubilipennis (Loew, 1824) EGinestre1 #R+ Species known from Croatia, mainland Italy and Sicily (Pape et al. 2005). It was described from the Naples environs (cf. Herting 1993).

430

Italy, with 24 out of the 45 known European species, is the most speciose country in Europe for woodlouse flies. Recent investigations in 12 Italian localities (cf. Mason et al. 2006) suggest that the Italian rhinophorid fauna may still increase slightly, especially through the description of new species. Also, most species are recorded from very few sites and even a rough faunistic knowledge on the regional and local scales is still to be attained. In this framework Campania, like all other regions of southern Italy, is practically free of records for this family. For instance, data are lacking even for species which are widespread and often abundant in Mediterranean Italy, such as: Melanophora roralis (Linnaeus, 1758), Oplisa tergestina (Schiner, 1862), Phyto adolescens Rondani, 1861, Rhinomorinia sarcophagina (Schiner, 1862) and Stevenia atramentaria (Meigen, 1824) (Pape et al. 1995; Cerretti, unpublished). These species, together with Paykullia partenopea (Rondani, 1861), an Italian endemic described from Naples (cf. Herting 1993), may occur in the study area. REFERENCES Crosskey R.W., 1977. A review of the Rhinophoridae (Diptera) and a revision of the Afrotropical species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology series, 36 (1): 1-66. Herting, B., 1961. 64e. Rhinophorinae, pp 1-36. In: Lindner E. (ed.), Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 216. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. Herting B., 1993. Family Rhinophoridae, pp. 102-117. In: Soós Á. (†) & Papp L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 13. Anthomyiidae - Tachinidae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. Mason F., Cerretti P., Nardi G., Whitmore D., Birtele D., Hardersen S. & Gatti E., 2006. Aspects of biological diversity in the CONECOFOR plots. IV. The InvertebrateBiodiv pilot project, pp. 51-70. In: Ferretti M., Petriccione B., Bussotti F. & Fabbio G. (eds.), Aspects of biodiversity in selected forest ecosystems in Italy: status and changes over the period 1996-2003. Third report of the Task Force on Integrated and Combined (I&C) evaluation of the CONECOFOR programme. Annali dell’Istituto sperimentale per la Selvicoltura, 30, Suppl. 2. Pape T., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Rhinophoridae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org Pape T., Richter V., Rivosecchi L. & Rognes K., 1995. Diptera

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Hippoboscoidea, Oestroidea, pp. 1-36. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 78. Calderini, Bologna.

41. Diptera, SARCOPHAGIDAE Daniel WHITMORE, René RICHET

by Jannone (1934, as Gesneriodes lineata Fallén) and a generic citation of Senotainia tricuspis (Meigen, 1838) from Campania (cf. Piazza & Marinelli 2000). Needless to say, many more Sarcophagidae remain to be discovered in the Park. REFERENCES

The Sarcophagidae, commonly referred to as fleshflies, are a medium-sized family of calyptrate oestroid Diptera. The group is biologically rather diverse (Pape 1996) and includes cleptoparasites, insect parasitoids, scavengers/predators on small invertebrates (e.g. snails, earthworms), necrophages on vertebrates, coprophages and a number of other specializations. Some species are synanthropic and a few can cause myiasis on man and domestic animals. Currently there are approximately 170 flesh-fly species recorded from Italy (Pape 2004; Whitmore, unpublished). The nomenclature used follows Pape (2004). Sarcophaga consanguinea Rondani, 1860 EGinestre2 lt+ Species occurring mainly in the Mediterranean area (including Turkey and Bulgaria), but reaching European Russia, Ukraine, Kyrghyzstan and Pakistan eastwards (Sugiyama 1989; Peck 1996; Kara & Pape 2002; Pape 2004). In Italy it was known from Abruzzi, Emilia-Romagna, Latium, Tuscany and Sicily (Saccà & Rivosecchi 1953). New for Campania. Biology unknown. Sarcophaga protuberans Pandellé, 1896

Jannone G., 1934. Osservazioni ecologiche e biologiche sul Dociostaurus maroccanus (Thunb.), Calliptamus italicus L. e loro parassiti in provincia di Napoli. Primo contributo. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale ed agraria del R. Istituto superiore agrario di Portici, 28: 75-151. Kara K. & Pape T., 2002. Check list of Turkish Sarcophagidae (Insecta, Diptera) with new records. Entomologisches Zeitschrift, 49: 291-295. Pape T., 1996. Catalogue of the Sarcophagidae of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 8: 1-558. Pape T., 2004. Fauna Europaea: Sarcophagidae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.1, http://www.faunaeur.org Pape T. & Arribas O.J., 1999. Sarcophaga protuberans Pandellé an Old World predator of lizard eggs (Diptera: Sarcophagidae; Reptilia: Lacertidae). Studia dipterologica, 6: 73-78. Peck L.V., 1996. Sarcophagidae, pp. 313-316. In: Tarbinsky Yu. S. (ed.), Superclassis Hexapoda (Enthognatha and Insecta). Genetical Fund Cadastre of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, 3. Piazza M.G. & Marinelli E., 2000. Indagini sulla presenza nel Lazio del dittero sarcofagide Senotainia tricuspis (Meigen), endoparassitoide delle api. Redia, 83: 111-122. Saccà G. & Rivosecchi L., 1953. Contributo alla conoscenza faunistica del genere Sarcophaga in Italia (Diptera, Calliphoridae). Rivista di Parassitologia, 14: 37-47. Sugiyama E., 1989. Sarcophagine flies from Pakistan (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Japanese Journal of sanitary Zoology Supplement, 40: 113-124. Venturi F., 1960. Sistematica e geonemia dei Sarcofagidi (escl. Sarcophaga s.l.) italiani (Diptera). Frustula entomologica, 2: 1-124.

TFunivia R+ Species widespread in the W-Palaearctic, reaching China eastwards (Pape 1996). In Italy it was recorded from Apulia, Latium, Liguria, Tuscany and Sicily (Saccà & Rivosecchi 1953), although the records from Sicily may refer to the closely related S. siciliae (Povolný, 1998). New for Campania. The larvae of this species are predators of lizard eggs (Pape & Arribas 1999).

42. Diptera, SCATOPSIDAE Jean-Paul HAENNI About 100 species of these small midges are known in Europe, 16 of which have been recorded from Italy (cf. Haenni 2005). The adults may be found in various biotopes, while larvae develop in decaying organic matter. Coboldia fuscipes (Meigen, 1830)

The existing data on the flesh-fly fauna of Campania can be narrowed down to a very old citation from Naples of Sarcophaga melanura Meigen, 1826 by A. Costa (cf. Saccà & Rivosecchi 1953), a citation from Naples of Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner, 1862) by Venturi (1960), a citation of Blaesoxipha lapidosa Pape, 1994 from the Caserta and Naples provinces

OVallone mc+ SMaria P+ This cosmopolitan species may be found as well in the field as under synanthropic conditions. The larvae develop in a wide variety of decaying organic matter, 431

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animal or vegetal. Coboldia fuscipes is widespread in the whole of Europe including Italy. Scatopsidae are still very poorly known in southern Italy and there is no doubt that many other species exist in this area. REFERENCES Haenni J.-P., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Scatopsidae. In: de Jong H. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Nematocera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org.

43. Diptera, SCIOMYZIDAE Leo RIVOSECCHI Fig. 43.1. Euthycera zelleri (x 9.6) (from Rivosecchi 1992).

The larvae of most of these acalyptrate Diptera are predators or parasitoids of pulmonate Gastropoda (cf. Rivosecchi 2000). The Italian fauna includes 81 species (Mancini & Rivosecchi 2005). Only 8 species of this family are recorded for Campania (Mancini & Rivosecchi 2005), which is one of the Italian regions with the lowest number of records for this family. The information provided for each species is taken from Rivosecchi (1992) and Mancini & Rivosecchi (2005), and the nomenclature follows Mancini & Rivosecchi (2005). Coremacera marginata (Fabricius, 1775) EGinestre1 R+ SMaria P+ Asiatic-European species typical of very damp situation often in forests. The record is based on two specimens.

The few species collected in the Park are parasitoids of terrestrial and hygrophilic gastropods (Rivosecchi 1992; Rivosecchi & Mancini 2005); this situation reflects the lack of freshwater habitats in the Park and thus of aquatic molluscs. However, the apparent absence of species of Pherbellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, a genus typically related to terrestrial molluscs, lets suppose that further investigations may increase the above list. REFERENCES Mancini L. & Rivosecchi L., 2005. Insecta Diptera Sciomyzidae, pp. 249-250. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD. Rivosecchi L., 1992. Fauna d’Italia XXX. Diptera, Sciomyzidae. Calderini, Bologna, XI + 271 pp.

Euthycera zelleri (Loew, 1847) ERimbos P+ OCognoli P+ OVallone mc+ W-Mediterranean species (fig. 43.1) typical of areas with arid soils, previously recorded for Campania from Naples (type locality) and the island of Capri. Trypetoptera punctulata (Scopoli, 1763) EGinestre1 R+ ERimbos P+ Palaearctic species inhabiting shaded habitats, here newly recorded from Campania. 432

44. Diptera, SYRPHIDAE Daniele BIRTELE The Syrphidae comprise more than 6,000 species worldwide, about 520 of which occur in Italy (cf. Sommaggio 2005; cf. Speight 2005; Mason et al. 2006; Birtele & Sommaggio unpublished). The adults are flower visitors and easy to recognise in the field by their marked resemblance to bees or wasps, coupled with their ability to hover in a more or less stationary manner in the air. The larvae have a variety of feeding habits: phytophagous, myceto- and mycophagous, predacious and saproxylic (cf. Rotheray 1994). Some of the aphidophagous species are utilized in biological control programmes. In recent

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years syrphids, being good bioindicators, are being used in Europe in environmental health assessment (cf. Speight 2005). All examined material is kept in the CNBF collection. Chrysotoxum bicinctum (Linnaeus, 1758) EGinestre1 R+ Fifteen species of this genus are known from Italy (Sommaggio 2005), but apparently only Chrysotoxum arcuatum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Costa 1843), C. cisalpinum Rondani, 1845 (Palma 1864), C. fasciolatum (De Geer, 1776) (Costa 1843) and C. octomaculatum Curtis, 1837 (Palma 1864, as C. chrysopolita Rond.) have been recorded from Campania. Eristalis arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758) SMaria2 R+

Fig. 44.1. Eristalis tenax ♂ from Valle d’Oridda (Sardinia, Carbonia-Iglesias province) (photo by D. Birtele).

These records are based on unidentifiable female specimens.

Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus, 1758) Volucella bombylans (Linnaeus, 1758) EGigante R+ SaOlivella R+

EGigante R+

This common species (fig. 44.1) has been recorded from the Naples environs at least since Costa (1843: 60).

Volucella zonaria (Poda, 1761)

Scaeva pyrastri (Linnaeus, 1758)

This species (fig. 44.2) has been recorded from the environs of Naples at least since Costa (1843: 56), and is known also from other localities in Campania (cf. Palma 1864, as V. bifasciata Scop.; Bezzi 1891; Castellani 1948; D’Antonio 1989).

EGinestre1 R+ This common species has been recorded from the Portici (Martelli 1910, as Lasiophthicus (Syrphus) pyrastri L.) and Naples environs (Costa 1843: 56, as Syrphus pyrastri) and from other localities in Campania (Palma 1864, as Lasiophthicus pyrastri Linneo; Sommaggio 2005). Sphaerophoria scripta (Linnaeus, 1758) EColata #R+ SMaria2 R+ Sphaerophoria sp. EGigante R+ EGinestre1 #R+ SMaria2 R+ SVpalm R+

EGinestre2 R+

Xanthogramma pedissequum (Harris, 1776) EGinestre2 R+ This species was recorded from Campania by Palma (1864, as Syrphus ornatus Meig.) and Bezzi (1891, as X. ornata (Meigen, 1822)), but these records were overlooked by Sommaggio (2005). Over 100 species of Syrphidae are known from the Naples area (Costa 1843; Palma 1864) but only 2% of the species so far recorded from Italy were collected in the Vesuvius National Park. Even considering the absence of various biotopes in the Park (cf. Filesi 2007), this value is very low and this group of flies is certainly underrepresented due to lack of specialist collecting, as between 9 and 14% of Italian syrphid 433

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Fig. 44.2. Volucella zonaria ♂ from Valle d’Oridda (Sardinia, Carbonia-Iglesias province) (photo by F. Mason).

species have been found so far in all well studied zoocoenoses in Italy (cf. Birtele et al. 2002, 2003; Mason et al. 2006).

Martelli G., 1910. Notizie sull’Aphis brassicae L. e su alcuni suoi parassiti ed iperparassiti. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 5: 40-54. Mason F., Cerretti P., Nardi G., Whitmore D., Birtele D., Hardersen S. & Gatti E., 2006. Aspects of biological diversity in the CONECOFOR plots. IV. The InvertebrateBiodiv pilot project, pp. 51-70. In: Ferretti M., Petriccione B., Bussotti F. & Fabbio G. (eds.), Aspects of biodiversity in selected forest ecosystems in Italy: status and changes over the period 1996-2003. Third report of the Task Force on Integrated and Combined (I&C) evaluation of the CONECOFOR programme. Annali dell’Istituto Sperimentale per la Selvicoltura, 30, Suppl. 2. Palma G., 1864. Ditteri della fauna napolitana. Annali dell’Accademia aspiranti Naturalisti, (3) 3: 37-66. Rotheray G.E., 1994. Colour guide to hoverfly larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe. Dipterists Digest, (1993), No. 9: 1-156. Sommaggio D., 2005. Insecta Diptera Syrphidae (Syrphinae, Syrphini), pp. 245-246. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD. Speight M.C.D., 2005. Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera) 2005. In: Speight M.C.D., Castella E., Sarthou J.-P. & Monteil C. (eds.), Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae, 49, 242 pp., Syrph the Net publications, Dublin.

REFERENCES Bezzi M., 1891. Contribuzione alla Fauna Ditterologica di Pavia. Parte prima. Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 23: 21-91. Birtele D., Sommaggio D. & Speight M.C.D., 2003. Syrphidae, pp. 154-163. In: Cerretti P., Tagliapietra A., Tisato M., Vanin S., Mason F. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Artropodi dell’orizzonte del faggio nell’Appennino Settentrionale, Primo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 2. Gianluigi Arcari Editore, Mantova. Birtele D., Sommaggio D., Speight M.C.D. & Tisato M., 2002. Syrphidae, pp. 115-118. In: Mason F., Cerretti P., Tagliapietra A., Speight M.C.D. & Zapparoli M. (eds.), Invertebrati di una foresta della Pianura Padana, Bosco della Fontana, Primo contributo. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 1. Gianluigi Arcari Editore, Mantova. Castellani O., 1948. Primo contributo alla conoscenza della fauna entomologica del Matese (II). Bollettino dell’Associazione romana di Entomologia, 1 (2-4): 16-20. Costa A., 1843. Esposizione sommaria. Delle osservazioni raccolte durante l’anno 1842 intorno allo sviluppo ed apparizione successiva degli Insetti nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell’Accademia degli aspiranti Naturalisti di Napoli, 1: 3768. D’Antonio C., 1989. Notulae Syrphidologicae. III. Il genere Volucella Geoffroy, 1764, in Italia (Diptera, Syrphidae). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 121 (2): 142-146. Filesi L., 2007. Il paesaggio vegetale del Vesuvio. In: Nardi G. & Vomero V. (eds.), Artropodi del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio: ricerche preliminari. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 4. Cierre edizioni, Verona.

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45. Diptera, TACHINIDAE Pierfilippo CERRETTI The Tachinidae, with nearly 10,000 described species, are the largest family of Diptera Brachycera in the world (Irwin et al. 2003). The Palaearctic tachinid fauna includes some 410 genera and more than 1,700 species (cf. Tshorsnig & Richter 1998); the Italian fauna includes 630 species (Cerretti 2006). All Tachinidae with a known life history are endoparasitoids of other arthropods, predominantly of lepidopteran larvae and other phytophagous insects, often playing an important role in regulating host populations in both natural and managed environments (cf. Stireman et al. 2006). The nomenclature follows Cerretti (2006) and chorotypes are assigned according to Vigna Taglianti et al. (1999). The information provided for each species comes, unless otherwise stated, from Herting (1960), Tschorsnig & Herting (1994), Tschorsnig et al. (2004) and Cerretti (2006). Actia pilipennis (Fallén, 1810) Resina, II-XI.1925-1926 (Colizza 1927).

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An Asiatic-European species which parasitizes the larvae of a high number of Lepidoptera Tortricidae, Choreutidae, Gelechidae, Oecophoridae and Pterophoridae. Colizza (1927) recorded it as a parasite of the larvae of Tortrix pronubana Hübner, 1799, currently Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, 1799) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae). It was recorded also from Portici by Silvestri (1923: 89) as a parasite of Tortrix viridana Linnaeus, 1758.

ponomeutidae, Psychidae, Noctuidae) (Tschorsnig & Herting 1994). According to Colizza (1927), the females lay their eggs on caterpillars of Tortrix pronubana, (currently Cacoecimorpha pronubana) (Tortricidae), the adult flies then emerging from the chrysalis. Nemorilla maculosa (Meigen, 1824) EGinestre2 lt+

Cylindromyia sp. Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 25.VIII.1855, “(non determinabile specificatamente). Due individui” (A. Costa 1857: 42, as Ocyptera [sp.]). Erycia festinans (Meigen, 1824) OVallone mc+ A Sibero-European species, parasite of caterpillars of Melitaea spp. (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae). Gymnosoma rotundatum (Linnaeus, 1758) SMaria1 R+ An Asiatic-European species. It is a parasite of Pentatomidae (Heteroptera). The record is based on two specimens collected in copula on an umbellifer.

A widespread Palaearctic species which parasitizes larvae of Lepidoptera Pyralidae, Tortricidae, Oecophoridae and Noctuidae (Tschorsnig & Herting 1994). Campania, due to lack of research, is one of the Italian regions with the lowest number of tachinid records (Cerretti 2006). The area of the Park is certainly inhabited by many other species amongst which the following, known from the nearby locality of Portici: Cadurcia casta (Rondani, 1861) (Cuscianna 1927, as Lydella casta Rondani), Compsilura concinnata (Meigen, 1824) (Martelli 1907: 182, as Doria concinnata; Silvestri 1923: 87) (fig. 45.1), Cylindromyia bicolor (Olivier, 1811) (Cerretti 2006) (fig. 45.2), Exorista larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Marteli 1907: 182; MDEP: 1927, L?, 1 ♂), Masicera silvatica (Fallén 1810) (Martelli 1907: 182), Pales pumicata (Meigen, 1824) (Silvestri 1911: 318), Pales sp. (Silvestri 1923: 87, as Neopales pavida), Phytomyptera nigrina (Meigen, 1824) (Silvestri 1912:

Leskia aurea (Fallén, 1820) Somma Vesuviana (Sciarra 1915). An Asiatic-European species, recorded from almost all Italian regions (cf. Cerretti 2006). This tachinid is known to be only a parasitoid of xylophagous larvae of Sesiidae (Lepidoptera) (cf. Lucchese 1938, 1941; Herting 1960). The above record refers to a specimen obtained from larvae of Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) and so its identification could be doubtful (see also Lucchese 1938: 365). Nemorilla floralis (Fallén, 1810) Resina, 1925-1926 (Colizza 1927). An Asiatic-European species which parasitizes the larvae of many Lepidoptera from several families (Pyralidae, Tortricidae, Gelechiidae, Scythrididae, Hy-

Fig. 45.1. Compsilura concinnata from Monti Marganai (Sardinia, Carbonia-Iglesias province) (photo by P. Cerretti).

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Fig. 45.2. Cylindromyia bicolor from Monti Marganai (Sardinia, Carbonia-Iglesias province) (photo by P. Cerretti).

300, as P. nitidiventris Rondani, 1845; Silvestri 1923: 87, as P. nitidiventris), Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (Walker, 1853) (Silvestri 1923: 87, as Zenilia roseanae B. B.) and Sturmia bella (Meigen, 1824) (MDEP: 10.IX.1916, L?, 1 ♀). REFERENCES Cerretti P., 2006. Sistematica e biogeografia dei Tachinidi ovestpaleartici (Diptera, Tachinidae). Tesi di dottorato. Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali, 420 pp., 24 pls. + DVD. Costa A., 1857. Osservazioni sugl’insetti che si rinvengono morti nelle fumarole del Vesuvio. Il Giambatista Vico, Giornale scientifico, 1: 39-44. Colizza C., 1927. Il verme dei garofani (Tortrix pronuba Hb.). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria, 20: 42-59. Cuscianna N., 1927. Note morfologiche e biologiche sulla Simaethis nemorana Hb. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria, 20: 17-34. Herting B., 1960. Biologie der westpaläarktischen Raupenfliegen (Dipt., Tachinidae). Monographien zur Angewandten Entomologie 16: 1-188. Irwin M.E., Schlinger E.I. & Thompson F.C., 2003. Diptera, true flies, pp. 692-702. In: Goodman S.M. & Benstead J.P. (eds.), The Natural History of Madagascar. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. Lucchese E., 1938. Contributi alla conoscenza dei Lepidotteri del melo. I. Cydia pomonella L. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale ed agraria del R. Istituto superiore agrario di Portici, 30: 323-370. Lucchese E., 1941 Contributo alla conoscenza della Leskia aurea Fall. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale ed agraria del R. Istituto superiore agrario di Portici, 31: 1-39. Sciarra G., 1915. Contribuzione alla conoscenza della Carpocapsa pomonella L. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale 436

e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 10: 33-50. Silvestri F., 1911. Contribuzioni alla conoscenza degli insetti dannosi e dei loro simbionti. - II. Plusia gamma (L.). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 5: 287-319. Silvestri F., 1912. Contribuzioni alla conoscenza degli insetti dannosi e dei loro simbionti. III. La Tignoletta dell’uva (Polychrosis botrana Schiff.) con un cenno sulla Tignola dell’uva (Cochylis ambiguella Hb.). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 6: 246-307. Silvestri F., 1923. Contribuzioni alla conoscenza dei Tortricidi delle Querce. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 17: 41-107. Stireman J.O., O’Hara J.E. & Wood D.M., 2006. Tachinidae: evolution, behavior, and ecology. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 525-555. Tschorsnig H.-P. & Herting B., 1994. Die Raupenfliegen (Diptera: Tachinidae) Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungstabellen und Angaben zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der einzelnen Arten. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, (A) 506: 1-170. Tschorsnig H.-P. & Richter V.A., 1998. 3.54. Family Tachinidae, pp. 691-827. In: Papp L. & Darvas B. (eds.), Contribution to a manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance). Vol. 3. Higher Brachycera. Science Herald, Budapest. Tschorsnig H.P., Richter V.A., Cerretti P., Zeegers T., Bergstrom C., Vanhara J., Van de Weyer G., Bystrowsky C., Raper C., Ziegler J. & Hubenov Z., 2004. Fauna Europaea: Tachinidae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.1, http://www.faunaeur.org. (accessed june 2007).

46. Diptera, TEPHRITIDAE Pierfilippo CERRETTI The Tephritidae are a large family of acalyptrate Diptera with over 4,300 species worldwide. Some are economically important because of the high damage they can cause to fruit plantations; others are important agents in biological control schemes against weeds. The adults usually have nicely patterned wings, bright green reflecting eyes and a colourful body (cf. White & Elson-Harris 1992). The Italian fauna includes about 140 species (Merz et al. 2005). B. Merz (Département d’Entomologie, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève) is kindly thanked for the determination of the samples. Carpomya vesuviana A. Costa, 1854 “in agro Neapolitano aestate” (A. Costa 1854: 87). A species (fig. 46.1) widespread in southern Europe and Asia (Bezzi 1911; Silvestri 1916; Foote 1984; Merz et al. 2005). It was collected also at Portici

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(Silvestri 1916), near the border of the Park. The larvae develop chiefly in fruits of Zizyphus sativa (Ramnaceae) (Bezzi 1911; Silvestri 1916). Its types were studied by Bezzi (1911).

(Merz 1993). This area is about 170 km north-east of the Vesuvius National Park, where further research would certainly reveal the presence of other species. For example: Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin, 1790), a well-known pest of olives recorded also from Portici (Martelli 1907; Silvestri et al. 1907; Silvestri 1913, in all cases as Dacus oleae), Myopites stylatus (Fabricius, 1794), collected on Vivara Island (Fimiani & Digilio 1993, as M. stylata) and Xyphosia miliaria (Schrank, 1781), collected “circa Neapolim” (Costa 1854: 85, as Trypeta meridionalis n. sp.), all of which probably occur also in the Park. REFERENCES

Fig. 46.1. Carpomya vesuviana (x 7.8) (from Silvestri 1916).

Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) Resina, fra il Parco Gussone e Pugliano, VI.1948 (Roberti 1950). A well-known fruit pest the biology of which has been largely studied also in Campania (cf. Martelli 1910; Costantino 1929). Rhagoletis cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758) Somma Vesuviana (Fimiani 1984). A well-known cherry pest the biology of which has been studied also in Campania (cf. Russo 1963). Tephritis formosa (Loew, 1844) SMaria2 R+ Urophora stylata (Fabricius, 1775) “prope Vesuvium” (Rondani 1870: 13, as Urophora vulcanica n. sp.). Urophora vulcanica was placed in synonymy with this species by White & Korneyev (1989) through the study of Rondani’s type. Forty-two species of this family were collected during a 12-day excursion to the Monte Gargano (Apulia)

Bezzi M., 1911. Restaurazione del genere Carpomyia [sic!] (Rond.) A. Costa. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 5: 2-23. Costa A., 1854. Frammenti di Entomologia Napolitana. Articolo 1. Nuove specie di Ditteri. Annali scient. Napoli, 1: 69-91. [Not examined citated by Foote (1984)] Costantino G., 1929. La mosca della frutta (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann). Circolare 6 R. Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria di Portici, 15.XII.1929: 1-14, i-vii figs. Fimiani P., 1984. Ricerche bioecologiche sulla Mosca delle ciliegie (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) in Campania. II. Distribuzione e intensità delle infestazioni larvali. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria “Filippo Silvestri”, 41:11-21. Fimiani P. & Digilio M.C., 1993. Bionomics of Myopites stylata F. (Diptera, Tephritidae) and its natural enemies in Vivara island (Gulf of Naples). Bollettino della Società dei Naturalisti di Napoli, 101 (1992-1993): 53-63. Foote R.H., 1984. Family Tephritidae, pp. 66-149. In: Soós Á. & Papp L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 9. Micropezidae - Agromyzidae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. Martelli G., 1907. Note dietologiche sulla mosca delle olive. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 2: 3-11. Martelli G., 1910. Alcune notizie intorno ai costumi ed ai danni della mosca delle arance (Ceratitis capitata Wied.). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 4: 120-127. Merz B., 1993. Fruchfliegen aus der Region des Mte. Gargano (Italien, Puglia), mit Beschreibung einer neuen Tephritis-Art (Diptera, Tephritidae). Mitteilungen der entomologischen Gesellschaft Basel, 43 (3): 110-127. Merz B., Korneyev V., Bystrowski C. & Richter V.A., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Tephritidae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2, http://www.faunaeur.org. Roberti D., 1950. Infestazione di Mosca della frutta (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) nel territorio di Resina (Napoli). Annali di Tecnica agraria, Portici, 16: 55-63. Rondani C., 1870. Ortalidinae Italicae collectae, distinctae et in ordinem dispositae. Dipterologiae italicae prodromus. Pars 7 (Fasc. 4) (sect. 1). Bulletino della Società entomologica italiana, 2: 5-31. Russo G., 1963. La mosca delle ciliege (Rhagoletis cerasi L.). Ministero dell’Agricoltura e delle Foreste, Laboratorio di entomologia agraria “F. Silvestri” e Osservatorio per le

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Malattie delle Piante (sez. Entomologia), Portici, 3 pp. Silvestri F., 1913. Generazioni della mosca delle olive. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 2: 13-17. Silvestri F., 1916. Sulle specie di Trypaneidae (Diptera) del genere Carpomyia dannose ai frutti di Zizyphus. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 11: 170-182. Silvestri F., Martelli G. & Masi L., 1907. Sugli Imenotteri parassiti ectofagi della mosca delle olive fino ad ora osservati nell’Italia meridionale e sulla loro importanza nel combattere la mosca stessa. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 2: 18-82. White I.M & Korneyev V.A., 1989. A revision of the western Palaearctic species of Urophora Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tephritidae). Systematic Entomology, 14: 327-374. White I.M. & Elson-Harris M.M., 1992. Fruit Flies of Economic Significance: Their Identification and Bionomics. CAB International. Wallingford, 601 pp.

47. Diptera, THEREVIDAE Franco MASON The greatest number of species of this family is found in warmer, arid to semi-arid areas. Adults are diurnal, they are not predacious but imbibe water and some seek flowers and insect excretions/secretions on leaves (cf. Lyneborg 1989). Ninety-nine species are recorded from Europe (Holston et al. 2005). Thereva inornata Verral, 1909 TFunivia R+ A single male specimen was examined, the identification was done using Lyneborg & Spitzer (1974). This species in Italy is recorded only from mainland regions (Contini et al. 1995; Holston et al. 2005). M. Hauser (California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento) and K. C. Holston (University of Texas, Austin) are thanked for help with determination. REFERENCES Contini C., Lyneborg L., Majer J.M., Rivosecchi L. & Zaitzev V.F., 1995. Diptera Nemestrinoidea, Asiloidea, Bombyloidea, pp. 1-19. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 68. Calderini, Bologna. Holston K.C., Bystrowski C. & Richter V.A., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Therevidae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2. http:// www.faunaeur.org. Lyneborg L., 1989. Family Therevidae, pp. 12-35. In: Soós Á. & Papp L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 6. Therevidae - Empididae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. Lyneborg L. & Spitzer K., 1974. The Czechoslovak species of Thereva Latr. (Therevidae, Diptera), with the description of

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a new species from Hungary and Austria. Acta sci. nat. Mus. Bohem. merid. Ceské Buděovice, 14: 13-42.

48. Diptera, TIPULIDAE Pjotr OOSTERBROEK Tipulidae are medium- to large-sized, slender-bodied Diptera Nematocera, and include some of the largest forms among the Nematocera (body length up to 60 mm, wing length up to 40 mm). The family belongs to the superfamily Tipuloidea, together with the families Pediciidae, Limoniidae and Cylindrotomidae. The Tipuloidea differ from other Nematocera by the absence of ocelli in combination with the presence of two anal veins reaching the hind margin of the wing. Worldwide, more than 4,000 species have been described. Information on these species is available online from http://www.science.uva.nl/zma/ or http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/ccw/. Larvae of Tipulidae are rarely aquatic, and are usually found in semi-aquatic or terrestrial environments such as the edges of streams, lakes, ponds, or marshes, in moist to wet cushions of mosses or liverworts, wood or sodden logs in various stages of decay, leaf litter, mud, sandy or gravelly riversides, dry soils of pasturelands, lawns, steppes and even semi-deserts. Their life-cycle usually consists of a brief egg stage (1-2 weeks), four larval stages, and a short pupal stage (1-2 weeks) before emergence of the short-lived adult. Larvae feed on decaying plant material; a few species, especially in Tipula (Tipula) Linnaeus, 1758 and Nephrotoma Meigen, 1803, are destructive feeders on pasture grasses, seedlings and crops, and may cause severe commercial losses. Adults do not appear to feed to any extent, but are frequently observed taking liquids at flowers or wet surfaces. Tipulidae are to be found from the northernmost lands in the arctic (82°30’N) to equatorial forests and from sea-level to about 5,200 m elevation. Usually they are associated with moist and temperate environments of forested or more open areas such as swamps, marshes and meadows. A large amount of the Mediterranean species are adapted to much drier habitats. Some species can be very abundant locally and of great ecological importance as food for a variety of other animals. Nephrotoma crocata crocata (Linnaeus, 1758) OInferno R+ TFunivia R+ Nephrotoma crocata is widespread in Italy, including

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Sardinia and Sicily. The species is most frequently found in gardens, open deciduous forests and in forested areas along rivers. In Campania it was known from three localities only: Naples, Sorrento (both old records from 1893) and, more recently, Sant’Antonio Abate (Oosterbroek 2005). Tipula alpina Loew, 1873 TFunivia R+ Despite its name, Tipula (Lunatipula) alpina is distributed throughout Europe, including southern Scandinavia. It occurs throughout Italy but is not known from Sardinia or Sicily. It is almost exclusively found in wet to semi-dry deciduous forests. In Campania it was recorded already from seven localities (Oosterbroek 2005). Tipula bimacula Theowald, 1980 EColata R+ EGinestre1 R+ TFunivia R+ Tipula (Lunatipula) bimacula is distributed throughout the Mediterranean region. In Italy it is known from Sicily and on the mainland as far north as Latium. The species is found in a variety of habitats, ranging from rather wet deciduous forests, such as along rivers, to dry dunes and olive grooves. In Campania it was known from two recent findings, namely in the dunes 2 km north of Paestum (April 2001) (Oosterbroek 2005) and in deciduous forests and meadows, 5 km south of Monte Cervati (July 2002) (Oosterbroek, unpublished). Tipula livida livida van der Wulp, 1859 EGinestre1 R+ TFunivia R+ The nominotypical subspecies is distributed throughout the West Palaearctic and is found in a variety of habitats, ranging from wet deciduous and coniferous forests to farmland, olive groves and very dry dunes or heathland. It is known throughout Italy, including Sicily, and represented on Corsica and Sardinia by the subspecies sardolivida Mannheims & Theowald, 1968; in Campania Tipula (Lunatipula) livida livida has been recorded from 17 localities (Oosterbroek 2005 and unpublished).

Tipula subtruncata Mannheims, 1954 TFunivia R+ Tipula (Lunatipula) subtruncata is known only from the Italian mainland and Serbia. In Italy it is widespread, from Venetia south to Calabria. It is mainly found in dry deciduous forests but also in more humid forests along rivers or in drier situations such as dunes and coastal shrubs. In Campania it is known from Naples (old record from 1893) and, more recently, Sant’Antonio Abate (Oosterbroek 2005). The five species recorded here from the Vesuvius region were already known from Campania, but they are nevertheless of interest because none of the 33 species of Tipulidae known from Campania has been recorded so far from this part of the region. This fact strongly indicates that these 5 species are but a small part of the Tipulidae fauna that can be expected to be present in the Vesuvius region. REFERENCES Oosterbroek P., 2005. Insecta Diptera Tipulidae, pp. 239-240. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD.

49. Diptera, ULIDIIDAE Pierfilippo CERRETTI The Ulidiidae include about 60 species in Italy (cf. Kameneva et al. 2005). The larvae of most species develop in rotten plants, in tussocks of Poaceae and Cyperaceae, or on dead wood. All material is keep in the CNBF collection. B. Merz (Département d’Entomologie, Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève) is kindly thanked for the determination of the samples. Euxesta pechumani Curran, 1938 ERimbos P+ A species native of North America, which in Europe was very probably passively introduced. In Europe it was first collected in northern Italy at Bologna (Bezzi 1921; Cuscianna 1921, in both cases as Euxesta nitidiventris Loew, 1873). First record for southern mainland Italy (cf. Rivosecchi 1995).

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Ulidia apicalis (Meigen, 1826) TFunivia R+ This species is widespread in European and Mediterranean countries, but was apparently unrecorded from southern mainland Italy (cf. Rivosecchi 1995). The two species mentioned above surely represent only a small portion of the diversity of this family in the Park. REFERENCES Bezzi M., 1921. Un dittero nordamericano del gen. Euxesta stabilito in Italia. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 15: 223-225. Cuscianna N., 1921. Osservazioni sull’attrazione esercitata dagli odori sugli Insetti. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 15: 226-253. Kameneva E., Greve L., Bystrowski C. & Richter V.A., 2005. Fauna Europaea: Ulidiidae. In: Pape T. (ed.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 1.2. http:// www.faunaeur.org. Rivosecchi L., 1995. Contributo alla conoscenza degli Otitidi italiani (Diptera, Acalyptera, Otitidae). Bollettino dell’Associazione romana di entomologia, 49 (3-4): 75-117.

50. Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha Adalgisa GUGLIELMINO According to Bourgoin & Campbell (2002) the order Hemiptera comprises five monophyletic taxa (Heteroptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, Sternorrhyncha, Coleorrhyncha) considered as suborders. Phylogenetic relationships among these groups are still strongly debated however, and so is the monophyly of the Auchenorrhyncha (Fulgoromorpha + Cicadomorpha) (e.g. Campbell et al. 1995; Sorensen et al. 1995; Yoshizawa & Saigusa 2001; Bourgoin & Campbell 2002). The Auchenorrhyncha, known as planthoppers, leafhoppers, treehoppers, spittlebugs and cicadas, are hemimetabolous insects with highly modified mouthparts suitable for piercing and sucking sap from their host plants and, generally, jumping hind legs. These insects occur in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems with over 43,000 species (Oman & Sailer 1986). Approximately 900 taxa occur in Italy, but the present state of knowledge of this group is not satisfactory as the percentage of undiscovered taxa is estimated at around 20-30% (D’Urso 2000; Guglielmino et al. 2005). Being phytophagous insects, their distribution areas 440

are regulated by those of their host-plants, which in turn are influenced by a number of factors such as: latitude, altitude, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, rainfall, exposure, soil features. Most Auchenorrhyncha are diurnal and mainly active during the hottest hours of the day, at least at the higher latitudes. The Auchenorrhyncha display a variety of feeding habits: many species suck phloem sap, Cicadidae, Cercopidae, Aphrophoridae and some Cicadellidae feed on xylem sap, most species of the subfamily Typhlocybinae (Cicadellidae) suck the contents of the leaf mesophyll, and members of some groups such as the Derbidae and Achilidae are thought to be fungus feeders. The preimaginal instars of a number of taxa live in the same habitat as the adults. The juvenile stages of cicadas (Cicadidae), contrary to the adults, live underground where they dig tunnels by means of their modified fore legs and suck on the xylem sap of roots; their life cycles can be extremely long, reaching as many as 17 years! Juveniles of other groups like the Cixiidae and Kinnaridae also live underground and feed on the roots of their host-plants. The preimaginal stages of the Cercopoidea develop within a frothy substance, commonly termed ‘cuckoo-spit’, on the aerial parts (Aphrophoridae) or roots (Cercopidae) of plants. One of the most characteristic features of the Auchenorrhyncha is their ability to produce speciesspecific sounds, mainly used to attract the opposite sex. Males of cicadas possess a peculiar organ, the tymbal, situated in latero-dorsal position in the first abdominal segment and consisting of a pair of cuticular flaps, each associated with a large tymbal muscle; additional muscles are also connected to the system. The vibrations caused by the rhythmic contraction mainly of the tymbal muscles are amplified by airsacs, equally situated within the first abdominal segment, that function as a resonance chamber to create the distinctive ‘song’ of cicadas. This sound is generally rather loud and is air-transmitted even for long distances; other members of the population can feel the vibrations thanks to a tympanic membrane situated ventrally on the first abdominal segment. In other families (e.g. the Cixiidae, Delphacidae, Issidae, Cicadellidae, Cercopidae, Membracidae) the males and many females possess a tymbal organ similar to that of cicadas but lacking the air-sacs. These animals produce their ‘song’ in the same way as cicadas do, but the ‘sound’ emitted is of low intensity and transmitted by the substrate. The vibrations generated by the system make the abdomen vibrate dorso-ventrally and are transmitted to the host-plant not by the abdomen

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itself but by the legs; the ‘song’ is perceived by other individuals by means of chordotonal sensilla located in various parts of the body, particularly on the legs. Details given for single species are taken from Remane & Wachmann (1993) and Holzinger et al. (2003) unless differently specified. The species are listed according to Hoch (2004). I acknowledge Dipl. Biol. C. Allgaier (Tübingen, Germany) for the photographs.

FULGOROMORPHA FLATIDAE Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830)

CICADOMORPHA APHROPHORIDAE Aphrophora alni (Fallén, 1805) Osservatorio Vesuviano, 6.VII.1880, A. Biondi, C. Caroti & G. Cavanna leg. (Cavanna 1882, as Aphrophora alni Fall.). BBoscot1 R+ EGinestre1 R+ ERimbos R+ OCognoli R+ SaOlivella R+ SaTrocchia R+ SMaria1 R+

EGinestre2 L+ Nearctic species (fig. 50.1); in Italy it was first found in 1979 in the surroundings of Treviso (Venetia) (Zangheri & Donadini 1980), from where it subsequently spread quite rapidly to the rest of the peninsula including Sicily and Sardinia. It is now widespread in Campania, and Metcalfa honeydew honey is produced in some areas (cf. Tremblay & Priore 1994; Mazzone & Persano Oddo 2003). It is an extremely polyphagous species with over 330 known hostplants belonging to 78 families (Bagnoli & Lucchi 2000), has one generation per year and overwinters in the egg stage. The heavy infestations of this species are being limited in some European countries with a biological control programme, using the parasitoid Neodryinus typhlocybae (Ashmead, 1893) (Hymenoptera Dryinidae) introduced from the United States.

Fig. 50.1. Metcalfa pruinosa ♂ from Monte Circeo (Latium, Latina province) (photo by C. Allgaier).

Species (fig. 50.2) widespread in the Palaearctic region, occurring everywhere in Italy. It is eurytopic and relatively polyphagous on various genera (e.g. Quercus, Populus, Alnus, Betula, Salix, etc.) and shrubs, and can be found at medium-high altitudes especially in humid habitats, where it can occur in large populations. Adults occur from May to Octo-

Fig. 50.2. Aphrophora alni ♂ from Monte Circeo (Latium, Latina province) (photo by C. Allgaier).

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ber. The species is univoltine and overwinters in the egg stage. Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758) EGigante R+ EGinestre1 R+ ETirone R+ OVallone R+ Palaearctic species (fig. 50.3) widespread in Italy, islands included. Eurytopic and euryoecious. The adults are polyphagous and generally live on herbaceous vegetation; they mainly occur in meadows and wastelands at low to medium altitude, from spring to autumn. The species is univoltine and overwinters in the egg or preimaginal stages.

SMaria1 R+ SMaria2 R+ TFunivia R+ Holarctic species (fig. 50.4) occurring in all Italian regions. It is highly polymorphic, showing variable colour and pattern. It is eurytopic and highly polyphagous with over 170 host-plants. The adults occur even at high altitudes and in a variety of habitats, from spring to autumn; in the warmest periods of the year they abandon the dry herbaceous vegetation and live on trees and shrubs. The species has one generation per year and overwinters in the egg stage. CERCOPIDAE Cercopis sanguinolenta (Scopoli, 1763)

Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Vesuvio, “fumajuoli del piano superiore del cratere”, 25.VIII.1855, “Più individui” (Costa 1857, as Aphrophora bifasciata Germ. var.) SMaria R+

Fig. 50.3. Lepyronia coleoptrata ♂ from Campotosto (Abruzzi, L’Aquila province) (photo by C. Allgaier).

442

EGinestre1 R+ OColata R+ SVpalm R+ TFunivia R+

Fig. 50.4. Philaenus spumarius ♀ from loc. Acqua Rossa (Latium, Viterbo province) (photo by C. Allgaier).

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Species (fig. 50.5) distributed in the southern parts of central Europe, the Mediterranean area and Asia Minor (Holzinger et al. 2003); in Italy it has been recorded from all regions except Sardinia (Servadei 1967, D’Urso 1995). The adults of this species are polyphagous on a number of plants, mainly herbaceous, and are common in xerophilous and mesophilous habitats such as meadows, forest edges, wastelands and the edges of rivers; they occur mainly at low and medium altitudes from April to July. The species has one generation per year and overwinters in the preimaginal stages.

medium-high altitudes, mainly in xerophilous and mesophilous habitats, generally on the edge of woods, in meadows, on hedgerows and alongside rivers. It is univoltine and overwinters at the stage of III and IV nymph at the base of the food-plant (Arzone 1971; Holzinger et al. 2003).

Fig. 50.6. Centrotus cornutus ♀ from loc. Acqua Rossa (Latium, Viterbo province) (photo by C. Allgaier).

Gargara genistae (Fabricius, 1775) OMsom R+ Cosmopolitan species (fig. 50.7) recorded from all Italian regions except Sardinia (Servadei 1967, D’Urso 1995). It usually occurs in xerophilous and mesophilous biotopes and is quite polyphagous, feeding mostly on Fabaceae; the adults are found mainly at low altitudes from spring to autumn. This species, like many other members of the Membracidae, lives in association with the ants that feed on its honeydew (Arzone & Alma 1991); it is univoltine and overwinters at the egg stage. Fig. 50.5. Cercopis sanguinolenta ♂ from M.ti Sibillini (Marches, Ascoli Piceno province) (photo by C. Allgaier).

CICADELLIDAE Anoplotettix sp.

MEMBRACIDAE EGinestre2 L+ Centrotus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Anoscopus gr. albifrons (Linnaeaus, 1758) EGinestre1 R+ OCognoli R+

OColata P+

Palaearctic species (fig. 50.6) recorded from the whole Italian peninsula and Sicily. The adults, which are polyphagous, live on trees, shrubs and also herbaceous vegetation. The species can be found up to

The taxonomic position of this taxon (fig. 50.8) still needs clearing. It belongs to a group comprising A. albifrons, A. limicola (Edwards, 1908) and A. arcuatus Kirschbaum, 1868 (a species described from south443

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Selenocephalus obsoletus (Germar, 1817) OColata R+

Fig. 50.7. Gargara genistae ♂ from Monti della Laga, Amatrice (Latium, Rieti province) (photo by C. Allgaier).

ern France that is currently considered a synonym of A. albifrons). The problem consists of understanding whether they are closely related, distinct species or geographic forms of the same species. Specimens collected in Sicily, on the Vesuvius and in central Italy differ from A. albifrons by its colour and the shape of the aedeagus, but the taxonomic significance of these differences cannot be defined at present (Guglielmino 1993; Guglielmino et al. 2005).

Species occurring in the Mediterranean area, southeastern Europe, reaching Austria, Slovakia and Ukraine northwards, and the Middle East; in Italy it occurs throughout the whole country. Adults and juveniles live on both herbaceous vegetation and trees, and can be found up to medium-high altitudes in both open and wooded environments such as meadows, clearings, oak, chestnut and mixed forest (Guglielmino 1993). A few more taxa taken from the literature could be added to the 10 listed species. These are Ledra aurita (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cicadellidae), cited from the nearby localities of Sarno and Portici (Viggiani 1971), Tettigometra impressifrons Mulsant & Rey, 1855 and T. costulata Fieber, 1865 (Tettigometridae) from the surroundings of Portici (Silvestri 1903); these species probably occur also in the Park. Mainly large, eurytopic, euryoecious and polyphagous species were found in the Vesuvius National Park; this is due to the fact that the study was focused mainly on other taxa, and it is impossible to draw conclusions on the Auchenorrhyncha assemblage of the Park. Considering the 272 species of Auchenorrhyncha recorded for Campania by Servadei (1967), i.e. approximately one third of the whole Italian fauna, the small number of taxa found during this study underlines the bad state of knowledge of this group in the study area. Finally, the absence of many species of genera such as Psammotettix Haupt, 1929, Euscelis Brullé, 1832, Arocephalus Ribaut, 1846, Empoasca Walsh, 1862 (Cicadellidae), etc., which are widespread in central and southern Italy in both natural habitats and agroecosystems, shows that further research aimed at collecting Auchenorrhyncha is needed. REFERENCES

Fig. 50.8. Anoscopus gr. albifrons ♂ from Saline di Tarquinia (Latium, Viterbo province) (photo by C. Allgaier). 444

Arzone A., 1971. Illustrazione del ciclo biologico di Centrotus cornutus L. in Piemonte (Hem. Hom. Membracidae). Annali della Facoltà di Scienze agrarie della Università degli Studi di Torino, 6: 283-322. Arzone A. & Alma A., 1991. Oophagous parasitoids of Gargara genistae F. on Colutea arborescens L. (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha. Redia, 74: 185-189. Bagnoli & Lucchi A., 2000. Dannosità e misure di controllo integrato, pp. 65-88. In: Lucchi A. (ed.), La Metcalfa negli ecosistemi italiani. Arsia Regione Toscana. Bourgoin T. & Campbell B.C., 2002. Inferring a phylogeny for Hemiptera: Falling into the “Autapomorphic

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trap”, pp. 67-82. In: Holzinger W.E. (red.), Zikaden. Leafhoppers, planthoppers and cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Denisia, 4. Campbell B.C., Steffen-Campbell J.D., Sorensen J.T. & Gill J., 1995. Paraphyly of Homoptera and Auchenorrhyncha inferred from 18S rDNA nucleotide sequences. Systematic Entomology, 20: 175-194. Cavanna G., 1882. Hemiptera, pp. 54-61. In: Al Vulture ed al Pollino - Parte II Catalogo degli animali raccolti al Vulture, al Pollino ed in altri luoghi dell’Italia meridionale e centrale. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 14. Costa A., 1857. Osservazioni sugl’insetti che si rinvengono morti nelle fumarole del Vesuvio. Il Giambatista Vico, Giornale scientifico, 1: 39-44. D’Urso V., 1995. Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha, pp. 1-35. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 42. Calderini, Bologna. D’Urso V., 2000. Faunistic and Zoogeographical Remarks on the Italian Auchenorrhyncha (Insecta Homoptera). Bollettino della Società Entomologica italiana, 132 (1): 3-16. Guglielmino A., 1993. I Cicadellidi dell’Etna. Studio tassonomico e note ecologiche e biogeografiche. (Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 72: 49-162. Guglielmino A., Bückle C. & Remane R., 2005. Contribution to the knowledge of the Auchenorrhyncha fauna of Central Italy (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha et Cicadomorpha). Marburger Entomologische Publikationen, 3 (3): 13-98. Hoch H., 2004. Fauna Europaea: Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha etc. Fauna Europaea version 1.1, http://www.faunaeur.org. Holzinger W., Kammerlander I. & Nickel H., 2003. The Auchenorrhyncha of Central Europe. I. Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha excl. Cicadellidae. Brill, Leiden Boston, 673 pp. Mazzone P. & Persano Oddo L., 2003 (eds.), Apicoltura e mieli della Campania. Regione Campania, Serie Note informative, 15: 1-107. Oman J.P. & Sailer R.I., 1986. The role of cataloging in the advancement of systematics and biogeography. Tymbal, 7: 16-21. Remane R. & Wachmann E., 1993. Zikaden: kennenlernen beobachten. Naturbuch Verlag, Augsburg, 288 pp. Servadei A., 1967. Fauna d’Italia IX. Rhynchota (Heteroptera, Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha). Calderini, Bologna, X + 851 pp. Silvestri F., 1903. Contribuzioni alla conoscenza dei Mirmecofili. I. Osservazioni su alcuni Mirmecofili dei dintorni di Portici. Annuario del Museo zoologico della regia Università di Napoli, (n.s.), 1 (13): 1-5. Sorensen J.T., Campbell B.C., Gill R.J. & Steffen-Campbell J.D., 1995. Non monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha (“Homoptera”), based upon 18S rDNA phylogeny: eco-evolutionary and cladistic implications within pre-Heteropterodea Hemiptera (s.l.) and a proposal for new monophyletic suborders. PanPacific Entomologist, 71 (1): 31-60. Tremblay E. & Priore P., 1994. La Metacalfa pruinosa è giunta in Campania. L’ Informatore agrario, 34: 69-71. Viggiani G., 1971. Ricerche sugli Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea. XXIX. Descrizione del Tetrastichus ledrae n. sp. (Eulophidae), parassita oofago di Ledra aurita (L.) (Hom. Cicadellidae). Studi del gruppo di ricerca del C.N.R. per la lotta integrata contro i nemici delle piante: LXIII. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria “Filippo Silvestri”, 29: 149-173.

Yoshizawa K. & Saigusa T., 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of paraneopteran orders (Insecta: Neoptera) based on forewing base structure, with comments on monophyly of Auchenorrhyncha (Hemiptera). Systematic Entomology, 26: 1-13. Zangheri S. & Donadini P., 1980. Comparsa nel Veneto di un Omottero neartico: Metcalfa pruinosa Say (Homoptera, Flatidae). Redia, 63: 301-304.

51. Hymenoptera, FORMICIDAE Fabrizio RIGATO Ants are one of the most important animal groups in most terrestrial habitats, especially as biomass and number of individuals (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990). At present about 12,000 species are known worldwide (Agosti & Johnson 2005) and 226 native species are reported from Italy (Poldi et al. 1994); however the knowledge of Italian Formicidae is still far from being completely adequate. The following list is based both on the study of recently collected material and on literature data. The number of individuals collected is not specified as these numbers are subject to huge variations in ants, regardless of the true abundance of the species. All material is stored in CNBF collection. Aphaenogaster campana Emery, 1878 Vesuvio (Emery 1878: 54). This species is an Italian endemic, relatively common in the southernmost regions, although never collected in Sicily and Sardinia. The Vesuvius is its type locality. It was recorded also from the following localities close to the boundary of the Park: Pompeii (Forel 1909; Emery 1916), Portici loc. Bosco di Portici (Emery 1869, as A. testaceo-pilosa Lucas), Portici (Emery 1878; Leonardi 1896; Berlese 1904; Emery 1908; Forel 1909; Santschi 1933). Aphaenogaster subterranea (Latreille, 1798) SMaria P A very common and widespread species in central and southern Europe. It is one of the commonest groundnesting ant in wooded areas with broad-leaved trees. Camponotus aethiops (Latreille, 1798) EGinestre1 R EGinestre2 R

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A ground-nesting ant, widespread in southern Europe and Turkey, especially in Mediterranean habitats. This species was already reported from Portici (Emery 1869; Leonardi 1896; Berlese 1904). Camponotus fallax (Nylander, 1856) SMaria P, R An arboreal ant, relatively common in central and southern Europe and reported from scattered localities of Morocco and Algeria. Camponotus lateralis (Olivier, 1792) EGinestre1 R EColata R ERimbos P Similar in habits and distribution to C. fallax. Reported also from Portici (Grandi 1935).

Formica cinerea Mayr, 1853 “agro di Resina, di Torre del Greco” (Lupo 1949). EColata P OPrinc R SaOlivella R A widespread European ant, usually living along streams, but sometimes collected even in city gardens and parks. Formica cunicularia Latreille, 1798 EColata P, R EGigante R EGinestre1 R ERimbos P, R (cf. Vomero & Nardi 2007). TFunivia R Very common through Europe even in disturbed habitats; reported from Morocco too. Reported also from Pompeii and Portici (Forel 1909).

Camponotus piceus (Leach, 1825) Formica gagates Latreille, 1798 EGinestre1 R SMaria R A ground-nesting ant, relatively common in the warmest habitats of central and southern Europe. Widespread in Italy. It is known also from Portici loc. Bosco di Portici (Emery 1869, as C. ebeninus n. sp.).

A widespread, ground-nesting, central and southern European taxon, usually living in or near oak woods. Recorded also from Portici, Bosco di Portici (Emery 1869).

Camponotus vagus (Scopoli, 1763)

Lasius emarginatus (Olivier, 1792)

OPrinc R OVallone mc TFunivia R

EGinestre2 lt ERimbos R OCognoli P, R OVallone mc SMaria P, R

Reported from Morocco, central and southern Europe. It nests in trees or tree stumps. Widespread in Italy below 800 m a.s.l. (Baroni Urbani 1971). It was recorded also from Portici (Grandi 1935).

A very common species occurring in central and southern Europe, even in disturbed habitats. It is known also from Portici (Grandi 1935).

Crematogaster scutellaris (Olivier, 1792) EGinestre1 R OCognoli P SMaria P, R TFunivia R An extremely common, arboreal species, reported from Maghreb to European Russia. Reported from Portici too (Silvestri 1912; Grandi 1935). 446

Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma & Andrasfalvy, 1990 SMaria R+ This species probably came from West Asia and was found for the first time in Europe in 1974 in Budapest (Van Loon et al. 1990). Afterwards it was reported from many other European countries as an invasive

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ant in urbanized habitats. Seifert (2000) summarised all European records and published the first Italian one from Volterra (Tuscany), but L. neglectus is actually present in other Italian localities too (Rigato unpublished). Lasius platythorax Seifert, 1991 OVallone R SMaria R This species was just recently described and separated from its close relative L. niger (Linnaeus, 1758) (Seifert 1991). Its current distribution is still poorly known, yet it seems widespread in Europe. This is the first record for southern mainland Italy (Poldi 1994). Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868)

SMaria1 R A widespread European taxon; however some recent studies seem to show the existence of some sibling species usually identified as M. sabuleti (G. W. Elmes, pers. comm.). So, the name given to these samples may be considered as sensu lato. Pheidole pallidula (Nylander, 1848) “agro di Resina, di Torre del Greco” (Lupo 1949). Vesuvio, sulle lave (Emery 1869). OCognoli P OVallone P A widespread Mediterranean taxon; in Italy it is very common in the warmest parts of the country even in disturbed habitats. It is known also from Portici (see Baroni Urbani, 1971).

“agro di Resina, di Torre del Greco” (Lupo 1949). Resina (Roberti 1956). Torre del Greco (Roberti 1956).

Plagiolepis pygmaea (Latreille, 1798)

The well known “Argentine ant” (named Iridomyrmex humilis (Mayr) until 1992) a worldwide renowned pest, spread by human commerce and strongly affecting local faunas especially in anthropic sites under warm climates. This cosmopolitan ant was recorded also from some localities near the border of the Park: Portici loc. Bellavista (Roberti 1953), Portici, S. Giorgio and Torre Annunziata (Roberti 1956).

A widespread southern European taxon, with some related forms occurring in the Mediterranean region. It is recorded also from Torre del Greco (Leonardi 1918) and Portici (Grandi 1935).

Messor minor (André, 1881) OCognoli R SaTrocchia R SMaria2 R The type locality is Naples. It was collected at Pompeii too (see Baroni Urbani 1971). A W-Mediterranean taxon, the variability and taxonomy of which are still little investigated. In Italy it is common especially along the Tyrrhenian coast.

EGinestre R

Plagiolepis taurica Santschi, 1920 EColata P Very similar to Plagiolepis pygmaea and sometimes cooccurring with it. Ponera coarctata (Latreille, 1802) OVallone mc SMaria P A common European and Mediterranean ant, living mostly in wetter sites below the leaf litter and under stones. Stenamma debile (Foerster, 1850)

Myrmica sabuleti Meinert, 1861 SMaria P Vesuvio (cf. Baroni Urbani 1971). EColata P ERimbos P, R OCognoli P SMaria P

A widespread hypogeous European taxon living in broad-leaved woods.

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Tapinoma nigerrimum (Nylander, 1856)

Tetramorium cf. caespitum (Linnaeus, 1758)

EGinestre R SMaria2 R

EColata P, R ERimbos P, R TFunivia R

A W-Mediterranean ant, relatively common in warmer regions, even in disturbed habitats. It occurs mostly in central and southern Italy. It was erroneously synonymised by several authors with T. erraticum (Latreille, 1798); yet, although Tapinoma workers look very similar and often hardly distinguishable, males are very different especially in their aedeagi (see also Seifert 1984). Roberti (1934) recorded a Tapinoma sp. from Resina. Temnothorax flavicornis (Emery, 1870) EColata P ERimbos P, R SMaria P The type locality of this species is Portici (Emery 1870, as Leptothorax flavicornis n. sp.). A rarely collected species reported from scattered Italian localities and from the Balkan peninsula too (Agosti & Collingwood, 1987). It seems common in the Park. Temnothorax recedens (Nylander, 1856) ERimbos P OVallone mc A widespread, but often sporadically collected, Mediterranean species. It is recorded also from Portici (cf. Baroni Urbani 1971). Temnothorax unifasciatus (Latreille, 1798) ERimbos P SMaria1 R Maybe the commonest species of the genus in Italy; widespread in central and southern Europe too. Temnothorax sp. EColata P Some doubtful specimens cannot be assigned to any known taxon. The knowledge of Southern Italian Temnothorax Mayr, 1861 is still poor and several taxa are difficult to recognise.

448

The taxonomy of T. caespitum s.l. is under investigation. The presence of a complex of morphologically nearly indistinguishable species is suspected, especially on the basis of biomolecular data (Schlick-Steiner et al. 2006). In this paper 27 species are recorded from the Vesuvius National Park. Moreover, a further 17 species were reported from Portici and/or Pompeii which are on the border of the Park (cf. Baroni Urbani 1971; Vicidomini 2000a, 2000b): Camponotus truncatus (Spinola, 1808), Cardiocondyla elegans Emery 1869, Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758, Hypoponera eduardi (Forel, 1894), Lasius alienus (Forster, 1850), L. niger (Linnaeus, 1758), Liometopum microcephalum (Panzer, 1798), Messor structor (Latreille, 1798), M. wasmanni Krausse, 1910, Myrmecina graminicola (Latreille, 1802), Plagiolepis pallescens Forel, 1889, Solenopsis fugax (Latreille, 1798), Tapinoma erraticum (Latreille, 1798), Temnothorax exilis (Emery 1869), T. racovitzai (Bondroit, 1918), Tetramorium semilaeve André, 1881 and Trichoscapa membranifera (Emery, 1869). Probably most or all of them occur within the Park; yet nearly all the taxa listed above are widespread and of little biogeographic significance. Unfortunately, no careful studies devoted to the myrmecofauna living on the Vesuvius have been recently carried out; so, several still undiscovered taxa should be expected. REFERENCES Agosti D. & Collingwood C.A., 1987. A provisional list of the Balkan ants with a key to the worker caste. I. Synonymic list. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 60: 51-62. Agosti D. & Johnson N.F. (eds.), 2005. Antbase. World Wide Web electronic publication. antbase.org, version (05/2005), http://antbase.org. Baroni Urbani C., 1971. Catalogo delle specie di Formicidae d’Italia (Studi sulla mirmecofauna d’Italia - X). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 50: 5-287. Berlese A., 1904. Illustrazione iconografica degli Acari mirmecofili. Redia, 1 (2): 299-474. Emery C., 1869. Enumerazione dei Formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli, con descrizioni di specie nuove o meno conosciute. Annali dell’Accademia degli aspiranti Naturalisti di Napoli, 2: 1-26. Emery C., 1870. Studi mirmecologici. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 2: 193-201.

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Emery C., 1878. Catalogo delle formiche esistenti nelle collezioni del Museo di Genova. Parte seconda. Formiche d’Europa e delle regioni limitrofe in Africa e in Asia. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, 12: 43-59. Emery C., 1908. Beiträge zur Morphologie der Formiciden des paläarktischen Faunengebietes. III. Die mit Aphaenogaster verwandte Gattungengruppe. Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 6: 305-338, 23 figs. Emery C., 1916. Fauna entomologica italiana. I. HymenopteraFormicidae. Bullettino della Società entomologica italiana, 67 (1915): 79-275. Forel A., 1909. Etudes myrmécologiques en 1909. Fourmis de Barbarie et de Ceylan. Nidification des Polyrhachis. Bulletin de la Société vaudoise des Sciences naturelles, 45: 369-407. Grandi G., 1935. Contributi alla conoscenza degli Imenotteri Aculeati. XV. Bollettino dell’Istituto di Entomologia dell’Università di Bologna, 8: 27-121. Hölldobler B. & Wilson E.O., 1990. The ants. Springer-Verlag, Berlin & Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., XII + 732 pp. Leonardi G., 1896. Notizie intorno agli Acaroidei viventi nei formicai. Stabilimento Prosperini, Padova, 38 pp. Leonardi D., 1918. Terza contribuzione alla conosceza delle Cocciniglie Italiane. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e agraria della R. Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 12: 188-216. Lupo V., 1949. Studio biologico sull’Anomala ausonia var. neapolitana Reitt. Bollettino del R. Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria di Portici, 9: 78-110. Poldi B., Mei M. & Rigato F., 1994. Hymenoptera Formicidae, pp. 1-10. In: Minelli A., Ruffo S. & La Posta S. (eds.), Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana, 102. Calderini, Bologna. Roberti D., 1934. Contributi alla conoscenza degli Afidi d’Italia III. I Fordini. Bollettino del R. Laboratorio di Entomologia agraria di Portici, 3: 34-104. Roberti D., 1953. La formica argentina nelle nuove prove di lotta. Giornale di Agricoltura, 65 (41): 1-3. Roberti D., 1956. La Formica Argentina. A. Garzanti ed., Roma, 16 pp., 1 pl. Santschi F., 1933. Etude sur le sous-genre Aphaenogaster Mayr. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 40: 389-408. Schlick-Steiner B.C., Steiner F.M., Moder K., Seifert B., Sanetra M., Dyreson E., Stauffer C. & Erhard C., 2006. A multidisciplinary approach reveals cryptic diversity in Western Palaearctic Tetramorium ants. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 40: 259-273 Seifert B., 1984. A method for differentiation of the female castes of Tapinoma ambiguum Emery and Tapinoma erraticum (Latr.) and remarks on their distribution in Europe north of the Mediterranean region. Faunistische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden, 11: 151-155 Seifert B., 1991. Lasius platythorax n. sp., a widespread sibling species of Lasius niger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Entomologia Generalis, 16: 69-81. Seifert B., 2000. Rapid range expansion in Lasius neglectus - an Asian invader swamps Europe. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift, 47: 173-179. Silvestri F., 1912. Contribuzioni alla conoscenza dei Mirmecofili. II. - Di alcuni Mirmecofili dell’Italia meridionale e della Sicilia. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia generale e

agraria della Scuola superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 6: 222-245. Vicidomini S., 2000a. Hymenoptera (Insecta) della Campania: Rassegna dele segnalazioni bibliografiche dei Formicidae. Bollettino della sezione Campania ANISN, 19: 33-42. Vicidomini S., 2000b. Apoidea e Formicidae (Hymenoptera: Insecta) del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio ed aree limitrofe, pp. 131-137. In: Picariello O., Di Fusco N. & Fraissinet M. (eds.), Elementi di biodiversità del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio. Ente Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, Napoli. Van Loon A.J., Boomsma J.J. & Andrasfalvy A., 1990. A new polygynous Lasius species from Central Europe. I. Description and general biology. Insectes sociaux, 37: 348-362. Vomero V. & Nardi G., 2007. I Coleotteri Isteridi (Coleoptera: Histeridae). In: Nardi G. & Vomero V. (eds.), Artropodi del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio: ricerche preliminari. Conservazione Habitat Invertebrati, 4. Cierre edizioni, Verona.

52. Hymenoptera, SPHECIDAE Maurizio MEI The Sphecidae – which are currently divided into three separate families (Ampulicidae, Sphecidae and Crabronidae) within the superfamily Apoidea by a number of authors – are a cosmopolitan group of aculeate Hymenoptera currently comprising about 10,000 described species (Pagliano & Negrisolo 2005). They may be the most morphologically and ethologically diversified group of aculeates. Most species are idiobiont parasitoids of spiders and insects, whereas some are cleptoparasites of other sphecids. Nearly 400 species are known so far from Italy (Pagliano & Negrisolo 2005). Cerceris arenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) Vesuvio (Costa 1860). EGinestre1 #R+ Species of Palaearctic distribution, common and abundant in Italy where it occurs in all regions (Pagliano & Negrisolo 2005). The biology of this sphecid was studied by various authors and in Italy particularly by Grandi (1961). It digs its nest in the ground, in tunnels reaching 30 cm in depth, and stocks them with Curculionidae (Coleoptera) belonging to several genera; up to eight preyed individuals can be stored in a single nest (Grandi 1961). Dolichurus corniculus (Spinola, 1808) ERimbos P+ Species widespread in Europe and the Mediterranean basin and present in almost all Italian regions 449

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(Pagliano & Negrisolo, 2005). There is an old citation of this species by Costa (1886) for Campania. The biology of this sphecid was described by several authors: the nest, which is of simple structure and usually situated in pre-existing tunnels or cavities, is stocked with cockroaches. Numerous species of cockroaches from various genera can be used as prey, one for each sphecid larva (Grandi 1961). Three other species have been recorded from the nearby locality of Portici (cf. Vicidomini 2000a, 2000b), the presence of which in the Park is likely: Philanthus triangulum (Fabricius, 1775), Spilomena mocsaryi Kohl, 1898 (Dollfuss 1986) and Tachysphex coriaceus (A. Costa, 1867). REFERENCES Costa A., 1860. Fam. Philanthidea, fogli 11-12, pp. 1-16. In: Costa O.G., 1849-1854. Fauna del Regno di Napoli ossia enumerazione di tutti gli animali che abitano le diverse regioni di questo Regno e le acque che le bagnano contenente la descrizione de’ nuovi o poco esattamente conosciuti con figure ricavate da originali viventi e dipinte al naturale. Imenotteri aculeati. Parte Ia. Stamperia di Gaetano Sautto, Napoli, 29 pls. Grandi G., 1961. Studi di un entomologo sugli Imenotteri superiori. Calderini, Bologna, 655 pp. Pagliano G. & Negrisolo P., 2005. Fauna d’Italia XL. Hymenoptera: Sphecidae. Calderini, Bologna, 559 pp. Vicidomini S., 2000a. Hymenoptera (Insecta) della Campania: rassegna delle segnalazioni bibliografiche degli Apoidea. Famiglia Sphecidae. Bollettino della Sezione Campania A.N.I.S.N (n.s.), 11 (20): 21-32. Vicidomini S., 2000b. Apoidea e Formicidae (Hymenoptera: Insecta) del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio ed aree limitrofee, pp. 131-137. In: Picariello O., Di Fusco N. & Fraissinet M. (eds.), Elementi di biodiversità del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio. Ente Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, Napoli.

AESHNIDAE Aeshna isosceles (Müller, 1767) Vesuvio (Bentivoglio 1905, as Aeschna rufescens Vander, 1840). SaOlivella R+ A European-Mediterranean species (fig. 53.1), widespread in Italy. It is recorded also from the Sarno River at Sarno (Salerno province) (D’Antonio 1996, 1995), near the border of the Park. Anax imperator Leach, 1815 EGinestre2 R+ SaOlivella R+ SMaria2 R+ This Asiatico-European species is known also from localities near the border of the Park: Castellammare di Stabia, Portici (D’Antonio 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005) and Sarno, Santa Maria La Foce, Sarno River (CDU: 16.VII.2004, 1 ♂). Anax parthenope (Sélys, 1839) EGigante R+ A Asiatico-European species, which is recorded also from Portici (cf. D’Antonio & Utzeri 2005). LIBELLULIDAE Sympetrum fonscolombei (Sélys, 1840) SaOlivella R+

53. Order Odonata Costantino D’ANTONIO The Odonata are predacious pterigote hemimetabolous insects of medium to large size, with aquatic larvae and aerial, flying adults. They are represented by approximately 5,300 species worldwide (Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005). The Italian fauna includes 91 species (Bedjanic & Salamun 2003; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005; Kunz et al. 2006). The nomenclature used follows Utzeri & D’Antonio (2005), while chorotypes were assigned according to Vigna Taglianti et al (1999). The following abbreviation is used: CDU = C. D’Antonio, unpublished.

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A Turano-Europeo-Mediterranean species (fig. 53.2) widespread in all Italian regions. It is also known to be present at Portici (cf. D’Antonio 1997; D’Antonio & Utzeri 2005) and Sarno, Santa Maria La Foce, Sarno River (CDU: 16.VII.2004, 2 ♂♂). The presence of only a small number of Odonata species in the Park is due to the near absence of surface freshwater habitats (Maio et al. 2000). Only 7.5 % of the Odonata species recorded from Campania occur in the Park, and all are excellent fliers that always go far away from their reproductive area for food; they show a greater ability for dispersion and colonization of new habitats. However, if one considers the area bordering the Park, where there are some irrigation

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Fig. 53.1. Aeshna isosceles from Bosco della Fontana (Lombardy, Mantua province) (photo by S. Hardersen).

canals and the Sarno River – “… a paradigmatic example of highly altered watercourse” (Soppelsa et al. 1993: 31) – another 21 species can be added: Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis (Van der Linden, 1825) on the Sarno River (D’Antonio 1996) and the Sarno River at Sarno, Santa Maria La Foce (CDU: 16.VII.2004, 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀); C. splendens (Harris, 1782) at Portici, at Castellamare di Stabia and on the Sarno River at Castellamare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1996, 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); Lestes barbarus (Fabricius, 1798) at Portici and Pompeii (D’Antonio 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); Platycnemis pennipes (Pallas, 1771) at Portici (Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005) and on the Sarno River at Sarno, Santa Maria La Foce (CDU: 16.VII.2004, 2 ♂♂); Ischnura elegans (Van der Linden, 1820) on the Sarno River at Castellamare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1996), at Portici, Pompeii and Scafati (D’Antonio 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); Cercion lindeni (Sélys, 1840) at Portici (Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005) and on the Sarno River at Sarno, Santa Maria La Foce (CDU: 16.VII.2004, 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀); Coenagrion mercuriale castellani Roberts, 1948 at Pompeii (D’Antonio 1997); C. puella (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sarno River at Castellammare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1996); C. pulchellum mediterraneum Schmidt, 1964 at Castellammare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1996, 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005);

Ceriagrion tenellum (Villers, 1789) at Castellammare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); Onychogomphus forcipatus (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Sarno River at Castellammare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1996); Aeshna affinis (Van der Linden, 1820) at Castellammare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); A. cyanea (Müller, 1764)

Fig. 53.2. Sympetrum fonscolombei from Cefalù (Sicily, Palermo province) (photo by S. Hardersen).

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at Castellammare di Stabia and Portici (D’Antonio 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); A. mixta (Latreille, 1805) on the Sarno River at Castellammare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1996) and Portici (Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); Libellula fulva Müller, 1764 at Castellammare di Stabia, Portici (D’Antonio 1996, 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005) and on the Sarno River at Sarno, Santa Maria La Foce (CDU: 16.VII.2004, 1 ♂); Orthetrum brunneum (Fonscolombe, 1837) at Castellammare di Stabia and Portici (D’Antonio 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); O. cancellatum (Linnaeus, 1758) at Portici (D’Antonio 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); O. coerulescens (Fabricius, 1798) at Castellammare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1996, 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); Crocothemis erythraea (Brullé, 1832) on the Sarno River at Castellammare di Stabia and at Portici (D’Antonio 1996, 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); Sympetrum meridionale (Sélys, 1841) at Castellammare di Stabia (D’Antonio 1996); S. striolatum (Charpentier, 1840) at Portici (D’Antonio 1997; Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005). From a faunistic and conservation point of view the most interesting species is Coenagrion mercuriale (Charpentier, 1840), which is included in the EU Fauna-Flora-Habitats Directive (Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005); unfortunately in the area this vulnerable species (Utzeri & D’Antonio 2005) is known only from a few specimens collected in 1927, and may have become extinct. BIBLIOGRAFIA Bedjanic M. & Salamun A., 2003. Large golden-ringed dragonfly Cordulegaster heros Theischinger 1979, new for the fauna of Italy (Odonata: Cordulegastridae). Natura sloveniae, 5 (2): 19-29. Bentivoglio T., 1905. Libellulidi dell’Italia meridionale esistenti nel Museo Zoologico della R. Università di Napoli. Annuario del Museo zoologico della R. Università di Napoli (n.s.), 1 (32): 1-9, 1 pl. D’Antonio C., 1995. Gli Odonati della Campania (Odonata). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 127 (2): 103116. D’Antonio C., 1996. Appunti odonatologici del dott. Vincenzo Ragazzi (1856-1929) (Odonata). Opuscola zoologica fluminensia, 143: 1-10. D’Antonio C., 1997. Odonate collection in the Department of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology of the University of Naples. Notulae odonatologicae, 4 (9): 116-118. Kunz B., Ober S.V. & Jodicke R., 2006. The distribution of Zygonyx torridus in the Palaearctic (Odonata: Libellullidae). Libellula, 25 (1-2): 89-108. Maio N., Guarino F.M., D’Amor G. & Picariello O., 2000. L’erpetofauna del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, pp. 139169. In: Picariello O., Di Fusco N. & Fraissinet M. (eds.), Elementi di biodiversità del Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio. Ente Parco Nazionale del Vesuvio, Napoli.

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Soppelsa O., Battaglini F. & Battaglini P., 1993. Recent faunistic and ecotoxicological arrangement of the terminal tract of the Sarno river (Campania, Italy). Bollettino della Società dei Naturalisti di Napoli, 101 (1992-1993): 29-52. Utzeri C. & D’Antonio C., 2005. Insecta Odonata, pp. 131-132. In: Ruffo S. & Stoch F. (eds.), Checklist e distribuzione della fauna italiana. 10.000 specie terrestri e delle acque interne. Memorie del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Verona, 2. serie, Sezione Scienze della Vita, 16 + CD. Vigna Taglianti A., Audisio P.A., Biondi M., Bologna M.A., Carpaneto G.M., De Biase A., Fattorini S., Piattella E., Sindaco R., Venchi A. & Zapparoli M., 1999. A proposal for a chorotype classification of the Near East fauna, in the framework of the Western Palearctic region. Biogeographia, Lavori della Società italiana di Biogeografia, (n.s.) 20: 3159.

54. Siphonaptera, LEPTOPSYLLIDAE Maurizio MEI Leptopsylla tachenbergi calamana Jordan, 1951 OCognoli P+ Leptopsylla taschenbergi (Wagner, 1898) is a European-Mediterranean species distributed, with a few subspecies, from Portugal and the Maghreb to Crimea and the Volga region. Two subspecies have been described from the central-western part of the Mediterranean basin: amitina Jordan & Rotschild, 1914 and calamana, the latter occurring also in Italy where it had previously been recorded for Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Abruzzi, Basilicata and Sicily (Beaucournu & Launay 1990). The record from the Vesuvius is the first for Campania, a poorly known region with regard to Siphonaptera. Leptopsylla taschenbergi is a specific parasite of mice of the genus Apodemus Kaup, 1829, but it also uses Mus domesticus Schwartz & Schwartz, 1943 as a secondary host. It is a ‘fur’ flea (the adult lives prevalently in the fur of its host rather than in its nest) that can be found on its hosts from March to October (Beaucournu 1973). REFERENCES Beaucournu J.C., 1973. Notes sur les Leptopsyllidae (Siphonaptera) de la faune française (Prémière partie: répartition, biologie). Annales de la Société entomologique de France (n.s.), 9 (2): 483-499. Beaucournu J.C. & Launay H., 1990. Faune de France, 76. Les Puces (Siphonaptera) de France et du Bassin méditerranéen occidental. Fédération française des Sociétés de Sciences naturelles, Paris, 548 pp.

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Addresses FERNANDO ANGELINI Via De Reggio, 142 • I-72021 Francavilla Fontana (BR) PAOLO AUDISIO Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo Viale dell’Università, 32 • I-00185 Roma GERHARD BÄCHLI Zoological Museum Winterthurerstr. 190 • CH-8057 Zürich DANIELE BIRTELE Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale – Corpo Forestale dello Stato Strada Mantova, 29 • I-46045 Marmirolo (MN) MARCO A. BOLOGNA Università degli Studi “Roma Tre”, Dipartimento di Biologia Viale Marconi, 446 • I-00146 Roma HERVÉ BOUYON 11, rue Bosman • F-92700 Colombes ALESSANDRO CAMPANARO Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale – Corpo Forestale dello Stato Via Carlo Ederle, 16/a • I-37100 Verona CLAUDIO CANEPARI Via Venezia, 1 • I-20097 San Donato Milanese (Milano) GIORGIO CASTELLINI Museo di Storia Naturale della Maremma Strada Corsini, 5 • I-58100 Grosseto

COSTANTINO D’ANTONIO Via A. Falcone, 386/b • I-80127 Napoli GIULIO GARDINI Dip. Te. Ris., Università degli Studi Corso Europa, 26 • I-16132 Genova ENZO GATTI Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Ufficio Territoriale per la Biodiversità Via Gregorio XVI, 8 • I-32100 Belluno ADALGISA GUGLIELMINO Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, Università della Tuscia Via San Camillo De Lellis • I-01100 Viterbo JEAN-PAUL HAENNI Musée d’Histoire Naturelle Rue des Terreaux, 14 • CH-2000 Neuchâtel JIřÍ HÁVA Private Entomological Laboratory and Collection Unetice u Prahy 37 • CZ-252 62 Praha-zapad PASCAL LEBLANC Muséum de Troyes • 1, rue Chrestien de Troyes • F-10000 Troyes • FRANCO MASON Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale – Corpo Forestale dello Stato Via Carlo Ederle, 16/a • I-37100 Verona MAURIZIO MEI Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo (Entomologia), Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Piazzale Valerio Massimo, 6 • I-00162 Roma

PETER J. CHANDLER 606B Berryfield Lane • Melksham • Wilts SN12 6EL • UK

FRANCESCA MONTALTO Università degli Studi “Roma Tre”, Dipartimento di Biologia Viale Marconi, 446 • I-00146 Roma

PIERFILIPPO CERRETTI Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale – Corpo Forestale dello Stato Via Carlo Ederle, 16/a • I-37100 Verona •

GIANLUCA NARDI Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale – Corpo Forestale dello Stato Strada Mantova, 29 • I-46045 Marmirolo (MN)

PAOLA D’ALESSANDRO Università degli Studi de L’Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali Via Vetoio • I-67010 Coppito-L’Aquila

PJOTR OOSTERBROEK Universiteit van Amsterdam. Zoölogisch Museum, Afd. Entomologie Plantage Middenlaan, 64 • 1018 DH Amsterdam

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JOSÉ CARLOS OTERO Departamento de Bioloxia Animal, Facultade de Bioloxia E-15782 Santiago de Compostela CARLO PASQUAL Via Pozzobon, 10 • I-31100 Treviso ROBERTO POGGI Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “G. Doria” Via Brigata Liguria, 9 • I-16121 Genova ENRICO RATTI Museo di Storia Naturale di Venezia S. Croce 1730 • I-30135 Venezia RENÉ RICHET 16, Grande Rue • F-03220 Jaligny-sur-Besbre FABRIZIO RIGATO Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Corso Venezia, 55 • I-20121 Milano LEO RIVOSECCHI c\o Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo (Entomologia), Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” Piazzale Valerio Massimo, 6 • I-00162 Roma SAVERIO ROCCHI c/o Museo Zoologico “La Specola”, sezione del Museo di Storia Naturale dell‘Università di Firenze Via Romana, 17 • I-50125 Firenze

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WOLFGANG RÜCKER Von-Ebner-Eschenbach-Strasse, 12 • D-56567 Neuwied MARCELA SKUHRAVÁ Bìtovskà 1227/9 • CZ-140 00 Praha 4 MIKAEL SÖRENSSON Lund University, Zoology bldg Helgonav. 3 • SE–223 62 Lund ALESSIO TROTTA Via delle Ginestre, 1/A2 • I-17024 Finale Ligure (SV) VALERIO VIGNOLI Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva Via Aldo Moro, 2 • I-53100 Siena DANIEL WHITMORE Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale – Corpo Forestale dello Stato Strada Mantova, 29 • I-46045 Marmirolo (MN) MARCELLO F. ZAMPETTI Via Goito, 20 • I-04011 Aprilia (Latina)