The field measurement data is taken in urban(high density region), sub urban(medium ..... âField strength and its variability in VHF and UHF land mobile service,â ...
9 Dec 2013 ... To optimally design a millimeter wave wireless system, a ... of millimeter wave
communication at such frequencies. The green circles show the ...
models shows the best results, especially in urban environments. I. INTRODUCTION .... Note that for Free Space Loss (FSL) the path loss exponent is equal to ...
The proposed standards for the frequency bands below 11 GHz contain the channel models .... Okumura derived empirical formulas for G(ht) and G(hr) as. 10.
To optimally design a millimeter wave wireless system, a primary requirement is ... show the attenuation similar to attenuation in current communication systems,.
Mar 11, 2013 - The large bandwidth occupied by UWB signals has the potentials of ..... Notice that the ARake receiver is a Rake with unlimited correlators ...
Feb 2, 2016 - Unit: megahertz (MHz). 2.2. ... It is designed to be used in the frequency band from 1500 MHz to ..... IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine.
Feb 23, 2016 - tance model, for the design of fifth generation (5G) wireless communication ... rates and quality. Innovative technologies and new frequency ... cellular (UMi), urban macro-cellular (UMa), and/or indoor scenarios [1], [10], [11], ...
Feb 23, 2016 - in 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2016-Spring), May ... tance model, for the design of fifth generation (5G) wireless.
AbstractâThis paper presents a new methodology to model the near- ground short-range propagation loss in forested areas at the VHF and the UHF band.
1/30/07. Joshua White. SUNYIT Telecommunications. TEL 590 / 400 Labs. LAB 1: Intro To RF Path Loss & Propagation ...
nal quality, blocked calls, dropped calls and interference problems, path loss ... Airtel and Etisalat, need improvement for subscribers sat- isfaction. The error ..... of 3rd International Conference on African Development. Issues (CU-ICADI); ...
AbstractâThis paper presents statistical path loss models derived from experimental data collected in Port Harcourt in. South-South region of Nigeria from 10 ...
... outdoor, Environments of the Academic Building of INTI University College ... âThe ARRL Handbook for Radio Amateursâ, Sixty-Eighth, Newington CT USA.
error rate, packet success probability and wireless channel capacity are analyzed. ... path-loss models for three important performance metrics: bit error rate.
models for 5.85-GHz radio propagation path loss in and around residential areas for ... from the homes, to simulate typical neighborhood base stations mounted atop utility ..... lists the differences in dB between the linearly averaged path loss on t
propagation is of great importance in wireless networks due to the high cost required to ... The strength of any wireless communication systems depends on the ...
2 Feb 1992 ... Scott Y. Seidel, Student Member, IEEE, and Theodore S. Rappaport, Senior ...
wireless communications is limited by the propagation char-.
Feb 16, 2013 - allocated to TV broadcast systems can be shared by wireless data ... values of less than 10dB. ... Commission (FCC) in the United States announced â114 dBm as the ... that low power, low-range wireless devices in a strictly localized
Mar 23, 2017 - Table 1: LDM parameters for SISO and SIMO cases using NCC and CC schemes when considering the LOS and NLOS scenarios along with.
approximation for the path-loss in wireless communications for large values of d but is not valid for small values of d due to the singularity at 0. This model is ...
Aug 3, 2011 - Gaston Crommenlaan 8 Box 201, 9050 Ghent, Belgium. Full list of ...... K Ito, Wei Xia, Masaharu Takahashi, K Saito, An Implanted Cavity Slot.
channel model design [5], but the models lack the temporal resolution (e.g. lack sufficient bandwidth) to model or simulate future multi-Gigabit/s wireless links ...
Free Space Path Loss Model ... real for propagation model analysis. • Received
... Capture main characteristics of ray tracing using simplified model Pr = PtK. [d0.
EE359 – Lecture 2 Outline l
Announcements l 1st HW posted by tonight, due next Friday at 4pm. l Discussion section starts next week, W 4-5 (364 Packard)* l TA OHs start next week: Wed 5-6pm, Fri 10-11am (Tom),
Review of Last Lecture l TX and RX Signal Models l Path Loss Models l
l l l l l
Free-space and 2-Ray Models General Ray Tracing Simplified Path Loss Model Empirical Models mmWave Models *to be confirmed
Lecture 1 Review l
Course Information
l
Wireless Vision
l
Technical Challenges
l
Current/Next-Gen Wireless Systems
l
Spectrum Regulation and Standards
l
Emerging Wireless Systems
Emerging systems can be covered in a bonus lecture
Propagation Characteristics l
Path Loss (includes average shadowing)
l
Shadowing (due to obstructions)
l
Multipath Fading Slow
Pt
Pr
v
Pr/Pt
Fast Very slow
d=vt d=vt
Path Loss Modeling l
Maxwell’s equations l Complex
l
Free space and 2-path models l Too
l
simple
Ray tracing models l Requires
l
site-specific information
Simplified power falloff models l Main
l
and impractical
characteristics: good for high-level analysis
Empirical and Standards-based Models l Not
accurate; used to assess different designs
Free Space (LOS) Model d=vt l
Path loss for unobstructed LOS path
l
Power falls off : to 1/d2 l Proportional to l2 (inversely proportional to f2) l Proportional ●
This is due to the effective aperture of the antenna
Two Ray Model
l l l
Path loss for one LOS path and 1 ground (or reflected) bounce Ground bounce approximately cancels LOS path above critical distance Power falls off l l l
Proportional to d2 (small d) Proportional to d4 (d>dc) Independent of l (fc) ●
Two-path cancellation equivalent to 2-element array, i.e. the effective aperature of the receive antenna is changed.
General Ray Tracing l
Models signal components as particles l Reflections l Scattering l Diffraction
Reflections generally dominate l
Requires site geometry and dielectric properties l Easier
l
than Maxwell (geometry vs. differential eqns)
Computer packages often used 10-ray reflection model explored in HW
Simplified Path Loss Model Used when path loss dominated by reflections. l Most important parameter is the path loss exponent g, determined empirically. l
g
é d0 ù Pr = Pt K ê ú , ëd û
2£g £8
mmWave: What’s the big deal?
All existing commercial systems fit into a small fraction of the mmWave band
mmWave Propagation (60-100GHz) l
Channel models immature l
l l
mmW Massive MIMO
Based on measurements, few accurate analytical models
Path loss proportion to l2 (huge) Also have oxygen and rain absorbtion l
l is on the order of a water molecule
mmWave systems will be short range or require “massive MIMO”
Empirical Channel Models (not covered in lecture, not on HW/exams) l
Early cellular empirical models: l l l l l l
l
Current cellular models (LTE and 5G): l
l
l
Empirical path loss models for early cellular systems were based on extensive measurements. Okumura model: empirically based (site/freq specific), uses graphs Hata model: Analytical approximation to Okumura Cost 231 Model: extends Hata to higher freq. (2 GHz) Multi-slope model Walfish/Bertoni: extends Cost 231 to include diffraction Detailed path loss models for UE (3GPP TS 36.101) and base stations (3GPP TS 36.104) for different multipath delay spreads, user speeds and MIMO antenna correlations. The 5G model includes higher frequencies (up to 100 GHz).
WiFi channel models: TGn and TGac l Indoor and outdoor path loss models with MIMO (4x4 & greater), 40 MHz channels (& greater), and different multipath delay spread. Commonly used in cellular and WiFi system simulations
Main Points l
Path loss models simplify Maxwell’s equations
l
Models vary in complexity and accuracy
l
Power falloff with distance is proportional to d2 in free space, d4 in two path model
l
Main characteristics of path loss captured in simple model Pr=PtK[d0/d]g
l
mmWave propagation models still immature l
l
Path loss large due to frequency, rain, and oxygen
