1996, 100, 55±64; b) H. Natter, R. Hempelmann, J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 19525±19532; c) J. V. Zoval, R. M. Stiger, P. R.. Biernacki, R. M. Penner, J. Phys.
!"## $%$&'
!"#$%!$&$'(")$ *&$'(+,'-$."'/& 0+$1/+/(",2 ,3 !4+3/'(/2(%!(/5"&"#$6 06%7 8"% /26 0(906 :,&&,"6; ?$$(#7@A/B @ "&($%-+# ;#$>##- #'#+$.,"#( %-" $#45#.%$).# +%- ;# )(#" $, +,-$.,'
$0# (&1# ,6 $0# ?" -%-,5%.$&+'#( &- $0# .%-/# B"#. "&66.%+$,42 #$.* GL7MK #3%')%$#" ;* M#;*#26)-+2 I$JK,+6;H +,'',&"( L #'#+$.,+0#4&(2 $.* L 5%''%"&)4 L ().6%+$%-$( L $.%-(&$&,- 4#$%'(
M2(+,64'(",2 9%-,(+%'# $.%-(&$&,- 4#$%' +,'',&"( %-" +')($#.( %.# ,6 +,-(&"#.%;'# &-$#.#($ %( +%$%'*($( &- ,./%-&+ %-" &-,./%-&+ $.%-(6,.4%$&,-(@ %( #'#+$.,+%$%'*($( &- 6)#' +#''( %-" %( 4%$#.&%'( >&$0 -,3#' #'#+$.,-&+@ ,5$&+%' %-" 4%/-#$&+ 5.,5#.2 $(#/ Bb@ EEBCU J%&-1 G]#.4%-*K W+X M.< _< e,/#' N.&$12Q%;#.2A-($&$)$ "#. J%O2?'%-+S2]#(#''(+0%6$ N%.%"%*>#/ 8 D P@ B8BZE :#.'&- G]#.4%-*K
!"#$
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
f _AgIh2eFQ e#.'%/ ]4;Q@ M2PZ8EB _#&-0#&4@ CbbB
bZ8V2PERZTbBTbVbE2BbU8 i BV$0 %'(, %55#%.( $, ;# $0# 5.&4%.* 5.&-+&5'# &- ,$0#. 5.,+#((#( %( >#'' %52 5.,%+0#( $, (&1# (#'#+$&3&$* 0%3# ;##- "#(+.&;#" .#+#-$'*< N,. #O%45'#@ ,'"#. >,.S ;* $0# /.,)5( ,6 :,)$,--#$@ 9%/*@ N#-"'#. %-" ,$0#.(WBX ,- $0# 5.#5%.%$&,- ,6 +,'',&"%' 4#$%'( &+,-($.%&-#" #-3&.,-4#-$( 0%( ;##- #'%;,.%$#" >&$0 $0# #4#./#-+# ,6 #66&+-$ (*-$0#$&+ 5.,+#((#(@ %( &- $0# .#")+$&,,6 $.%-(&$&,- 4#$%' (%'$( &- 4&+#''#(@WBb%D/X ().6%+$%-$ #4)'2 (&,-(@WBb0X '&^)&" +.*($%'(@WBb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
61"07 89*7 -7 NOOP@ :@ 9,< E
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
##- $0# 4#$%' +,.# %-" $0# ,)$#. ($%;&'&1#.%( (0,>- $0%$ $0# %44,-&)4 (%'$ 789!L" 6,.4( % 4,-,4,'#+)'%. '%*#. %.,)-" $0# ?" +')($#.(< A- $0# 5.#(#-$ ($)"* ># %/%&- )$&'&1# HIJ %( % ($%-"%." $,,' ,6 %-%'*(&(< A- ",&-/ (,@ (%45'#( >#.# 5.#5%.#" ;* (&45'# "&52+,%$&-/ ,-$, +,-3#-$&,-%' F) /.&"( >0&+0 >#.# +,3#.#" ;* % +%.;,- 6&'4< A- ,."#. $, #-%;'# % ($%$&($&+%''* 4#%-&-/6)' HIJ %-%'*(&(@ %$ '#%($ Rbb 5%.$&+'#(@ ;)$ &- 4,($ +%(#( Ubb D Bbbb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n $0# (+%$$#.&-/ &-$#-(&$* &( $0#- /&3#- ;* I^)%$&,- GBK< `GaK # %5 b 5C !!C $ XGaK $ C
N&/).# B< =+0#4%$&+ .#5.#(#-$%$&,- ,6 #'#+$.,+0#4&+%' 6,.4%$&,- ,6 789!L"2($%;&'&1#" $.%-(&$&,- 4#$%' +,'',&"(
##- #'#+$.,"#( >#.# -,$ +,-(&"#.#" -,. >#.# $0#* (5#+&6&+%''* +,-$.,''#"< H0# 5.#(#-$ 5%5#. +,-($&2 $)$#( % +%.#6)' %-" (*($#4%$&+ ($)"* ,6 $0# #66#+$ ,6 $0#(# %-" ,$0#. 6%+$,.(@ &-+')"&-/ (,'3#-$ 5,'%.&$* %-" $#45#.%$).#< A$ &( "#4,-($.%$#" $0%$ %'' ,6 $0#(# 5%.%4#$#.( 4)($ ;# +,-(&"#.#" &- ,."#. $, ,;$%&- (*-$0#$&+%''* )(#6)' .#()'$( &- % (&45'# %-" .#5.,")+&;'# 4%--#.@WCPX WI^< GRKX< $ XGaK $ C ' #O5G" a CC C/ TRK
GRK
N,. (50#.&+%' 5%.$&+'#( $0# .#'%$&,- ;#$>##- $0# .%"&)( ,6 /*.%$&,- C/ %-" $0# .%"&)( ,6 $0# (50#.# C &( /&3#- ;* I^)%$&,- G8Kc C#
"!!! E R
C/
G8K
N,. % 5,'*"&(5#.(# +,''#+$&,- ,6 5%.$&+'#(@ $0# .#()'$ ,6 % =!L= 4#%().#4#-$ +,..#(5,-"( $, % ()5#.5,(&$&,- ,6 $0# +,-$.&;)2 $&,-( 6.,4 5%.$&+'#( ,6 "&66#.#-$ (&1#< A$ +%- ;# (##- 6.,4 I^)%$&,- GBK@ $0%$ '%./#. 5%.$&+'#( +,-$.&;)$# 4,.# ($.,-/'* $, $0&( %3#.%/# ;#+%)(# $0# (+%$$#.&-/ 5,>#. ,6 % 5%.$&+'# &( 5.,5,.$&,-%' $, $0# (^)%.# ,6 &$( 3,')4#< F,-(#^)#-$'*@ (4%'' 5%.$&+'#( +,-$.&;)$# 3#.* '&$$'# $, $0# (+%$$#.&-/ &-$#-(&$* %-"
f _AgIh2eFQ e#.'%/ ]4;Q@ M2PZ8EB _#&-0#&4@ CbbB
bZ8V2PERZTbBTbVbE2BbUP i BV%( -#&$0#. 3%." -,. .&/,.,)('* +,-$.,''#"&$0 % (,'3#-$ 5,'%.&$* 5%.%4#$#. ,6 8H # 8E0#.#%( HQN &( +,-(&"#.%;'* '#(( 5,'%. G8H # RV##- #'#+$.,"#( G!I # b#.# S#5$ +,-($%-$< H0# $&4# %'',>#" 6,. #'#+$.,'2 *(&( 3%." ,-'* ('&/0$'* +,..#(5,-"&-/ $, % +0%./# 6',> GcK ,6 b0&+0 +%)(#( $0# 5.#+&5&$%$&,- ,6 $0# ?" -%-,5%.$&+'#(< !'' (%45'#( (0,> % 4#$%' +,-$#-$ ,6 ! PE o %-" +%- ;# 6)''* .#"&(5#.(#" &- HQN &6 (, "#(&.#"< H0# (%4# (%45'#( &- $0# 6,.4 ,6 +,'',&"%' (,')$&,-( >#.# $0#- ($)"" ;* =!L=< H0# ])&-. %-%'*(&( >%( 5#.6,.4#" &%""&$&,- $, $0# %55'&+%$&,- ,6 % 4,"#' ;%(#" ,- (50#.#( >&$0 % ]%)((&%- "&($.&;)$&,- &- $0# .%"&)(< 9,$ )-#O5#+$#"'*@ $0# (&1# ,6 $0# 5%.$&+'#( >%( 6,)-" $, ;# (*($#4%$&+%''* '%./#. $0%- $0# HIJ 3%')#( ;* % (4%'' %4,)-$ GN&/).# RK
&$0 &-+.#%(&-/ 5,'%.&$* ,6 $0# 4#"&)4@ $0# %3#.%/# (&1# ,6 $0# ?" -%-,5%.$&+'#( &-+.#%(#(@ $0# .%-/# ($.#$+0&-/ 6.,4 B%( 3%." GE&$0 % 4,"#' +,..#(5,-"&-/ $, (50#.#( >&$0 % ]%)((&%- "&($.&;)$&,- &- $0# .%"&)(< _0#.#%( &- $0# )55#. +).3# $0# 4&-&4% ,6 $0# 6,.4 6%+$,. %.# 3&(&;'#@ $0#(# +%--,$ ;# "&($&-/)&(0#" %( +'#%.'* &- $0# ',>#. +).3#@ ")# $, 5,'*"&(5#.(&$* %-" '&4&$#" a .%-/# ,6 $0# &-($.)4#-$< A- $0# &-(#$@ % ])&-. 5',$ &( (0,>- 6,. $0# (%4# "%$% (#$(< Q#.# $0# ])&-. '%> +,..#(5,-"( $, % ($.%&/0$ '&-#< H0# ;.,S#- '&-#( (0,> $0# +,..#(5,-"&-/ 4,"#' +).3#(< =&-+# $0# 6)'' %-%'*(&( ,6 $0# (+%$$#.&-/ +).3#( &( -,$ %55'&+%;'# $, %'' (%45'#(@ $0# ])&-. 4#$0," >%( )(#" %( % +,-(&($#-$ >%* $, %-%'*1# $0# "%$%< ! +,45%.&(,- ;#$>##- $0# $>, 4#$0,"( >%( 4%"# 6,. (,4# (#'#+$#" "%$% (#$(< H0# .#()'$ &( %( #O5#+$#"c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k-# 5,((&;&'&$* &( 6).$0#. /.,>$0 ,6 5%.$&+'#( ;* .#%+$&,- >&$0 %"2 %$,4( ,. (4%'' .#%+$&3# +')($#.( $0#.#,6< ! "&66#.#-$ 5,((&;'# #O5'%-%$&,- 6,. $0# 3%.&%$&,- ,6 5%.$&+'# (&1# >&$0 $&4# +%- ;# $#($#"@ -%4#'* %- #66#+$ ")# $, $0# +0%-/&-/ +,-+#-$.%$&,").&-/ $0# $&4# .#(,'3#" 4#%().#4#-$( .#()'$&-/ 6.,4 $0# +,-()45$&,- ,6 $0# %44,-&)4 (%'$ %( #'#+$.,'*$# %-" ($%;&'&1#. ").&-/ $0# (*-$0#(&(< H0&( >,)'" 4#%- $0%$ $0# %"2 %$,4( ,. +')($#.( $0#.#,6 %.# -,$ ($%;&'&1#" ()66&+-$'*@ )-'&S# &- $0# #%.'* 50%(#@ '#%"&-/ $, '%./#. -%-,5%.$&+'#(< Q,>#3#.@ &$ >%( #%(* $, #O+')"# $0&( 5,((&;&'&$* ;* $0# 6,'',>&-/ #O5#.&2 4#-$(< I'#+$.,'*(&( &- HQN >%( .#5#%$#" &- $0# #%.'* 5%.$ ,6 $0# 5.,+#(( G)5 $, b$0 5.,+#(( $%S&-/ 5'%+# ").&-/ $0# (*-$0#(&(< H0# "#$%&'( "#5#-" ,- $0# 5,'%.&$* ,6 $0# (,'3#-$@ 0&/0#. 5,'%.&$* #-0%-+&-/ $0# 5.,;%;&'&$* ,6 6).$0#. /.,>$0< ! !"##
C U% .X &!
GEK
>0#.# U # 4,'#+)'%. >#&/0$@ % # ().6%+# $#-(&,-@ X # N%.%"%* +,-($%-$@ & # ,3#.5,$#-$&%'@ ! # "#-(&$* ,6 $0# +')($#.@ %-" . # 3%'#-+*,)'" #O5'%&- $0# .#()'$(< Q,>#3#.@ ")# $, $0# ,;(#.3#" &-6')#-+# ,6 +0%./# 6',> ,- 5%.$&+'# (&1#@ $0# ($%$# ,6 $0# 4%$$#. &( +,-(&"#.%;'* 4,.# +,45'&+%$#"< A-"##"@ )5,- .#+,."&-/ $0# 5%.$&+'# (&1# %( % 6)-+$&,- ,6 +0%./# 6',>@ %
f _AgIh2eFQ e#.'%/ ]4;Q@ M2PZ8EB _#&-0#&4@ CbbB
bZ8V2PERZTbBTbVbE2BbUU i BV%( ,;(#.3#" %$ $0# $>, +)..#-$ "#-(&$( %55'" GC +)..#-$ "#-(&$* 5%.$&+'# (&1# &-+.#%(#( >&$0 $&4# GN&/).# PK
$0 5.,+#((@ ;)$ (&-+# $0# #O%+$ 5%.%4#$#.( +,-$.,''&-/ $0&( 5.,+#(( %.# -,$ S-,>- %$ $0&( 5,&-$@ ># 5.#6#. -,$ $, ,66#. % "#$%&'#" #O5'%-%$&,- ,6 $0# ,;(#.3%$&,-(< M23&4$2'$ ,3 6";(/2'$ 5$(K$$2 $&$'(+,6$;c ! 5%.%4#$#. $0%$ >%( 6,)-" $, 0%3# % "&($&-+$ &-6')#-+# ,- 5%.$&+'# (&1# &( $0# "&($%-+# ;#$>##- +%$0,"# %-" %-,"#@ !I@ >0&+0 4#%-( $0%$ +%.# 4)($ ;# $%S#- >0#- +,-($.)+$&-/ $0# %+$)%' #'#+$.,'*(&( (#$)5< A- $>, (#.( ,6 #O5#.&4#-$( % (%+.&6&+&%' ?" %-,"# %-" %- &-#.$ ?$ %-,"#@ #%+0 Z#.# 5'%+#" b$0 0%" ;##- ,;(#.3#" 5.#3&,)('* G(## %;,3#K< H0# .#()'$( %.# ($.&S&-/ &- $0%$ %$ '%./# !I (4%'' 5%.$&+'#( 0%3&-/ % +,-($%-$ (&1#@ &..#(5#+$&3# ,6 #'#+$.,'*(&( ").%$&,-@ %.# 6,.4#"@ >0#.#%(@ %$ (4%'' !I@ 5%.$&+'# (&1# &( '%./#. %-" &-+.#%(#( %( #'#+$.,'*(&( 5.,+##"( GN&/).# VK< H0#
N&/).# P< A-6')#-+# ,6 +)..#-$ "#-(&$* ,- 5%.$&+'# (&1# G=!L=K ,6 G.2 FUQBVK89!:."2($%;&'&1#" ?" +,'',&"( %$ "&66#.#-$ +0%./# 6',> cc F)..#-$ "#-(&$* # C c ,- 5%.$&+'# (&1# ,6 #'#+$.,+0#4&+%''* 5.#5%.#" G.2FUQBVK89!:."2($%;&'&1#" ?" +,'',&"( GN # Cb "F@ !I # b +0%./# 6',> $0# +)..#-$ "#-(&$* 0%( -, (&/-&6&+%-$ &-6')#-+# ,- 5%.$&+'# (&1#< J,.#,3#.@ $0# '%./# 5%.$&+'#( ,;$%&-#" )(&-/ % ',> +)..#-$ "#-(&$* GC%( ,;(#.3#" 6,. (*-$0#(#( )-"#. "&66#.#-$ +,-"&$&,-(< H0&( 4%* ;# ")# $, $0# 6,.4%$&,,6 -#/%$&3#'* +0%./#" ?" +,'',&"( >0&+0 ;#/&- $, ;# "&(2 +0%./#" %$ $0# %-,"#< F0%./#" +,'',&"( +,)'" >#'' 5%.$&+&5%$# 61"07 89*7 -7 NOOP@ :@ 9,< E
N&/).# V< M#5#-"#-+* ,6 5%.$&+'# (&1# G=!L=K ,6 #'#+$.,+0#4&+%''* 5.#2 5%.#" G.2FUQBVK89!:."2($%;&'&1#" ?" +,'',&"( ,- #'#+$.,"# "&($%-+# G!IK %$ "&66#.#-$ +0%./# 6',> cc !I # b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b&$0 &-+.#%(&-/ $#45#.%$).# %( (0,>- ;* $>, &-"#5#-"#-$ 4#$0,"(@ -%4#'* HIJ %-" =!L= %-%'*(#( GN&/).# ZK< H0)(@ &$ &( % (&45'# 4%$$#. $, 3%.* $0# %3#.%/#
N&/).# Bb< HIJ &4%/#( ,6 G.2FUQBVK89!:."2($%;&'&1#" ?" +,'',&"( ,;2 $%&-#" #'#+$.,+0#4&+%''* G!I # b@ %( "#4,-($.%$#" &- N&/).#( Bb %-" BB< H0# .#()'$( +%- ;# #O5'%&-#" ;* 5,($)'%$&-/ 0&/0#. "&66)(&,-@ 4&/.%$&,- %-" "&((,+&%$&,- .%$# ,6 $0# $#$.%%'S*'%44,-&)4 5%''%"%$# &-$#.2 4#"&%$#( %$ #'#3%$#" $#45#.%$).#(@ %( >#'' %( "#+.#%(&-/ 3&(+,(&$* ,6 $0# 4#"&)4 '#%"&-/ %4,-/ ,$0#. $0&-/( $, % ',>#. +%$0,"&+ ,3#.5,$#-$&%'< k6 +,).(#@ ,$0#. 6%+$,.( ()+0 %( 0&/0#. "#(,.5$&,- .%$# ,6 $0# ($%;&'&1#. 6.,4 $0# 5%.$&+'# ().6%+# %$ 0&/0#. $#45#.%$).#( 4%* %'(, 5'%* % .,'#
#.# +%.." ,)$@ %'' ,6 $0# ,;(#.3%$&,-( %.# +,-(&($#-$ >&$0 % /.,>$0 4#+0%-&(4 &-3,'32 &-/ 789!L"2($%;&'&1#" 5%.$&+'#(< Q,>#3#.@ (,4# 6,.4%$&,- ,6 -#> -)+'#%$&,- 5,&-$( ").&-/ #'#+$.,'*(&( %-" $0#.#6,.# ,6 -#> +,'',&"( 4%* >#'' ,++). 5%.%''#' $, /.,>$0< A- ,."#. $, /%&4,.# &-6,.4%$&,- ,6 $0# ($.)+$).%' -%$).# ,6 $0# ?" +,'',&"( %-" 5,((&;'* ,6 $0#&. 4,"# ,6 6,.4%$&,-@ L2.%* 5,>"#. "&66.%+$,4#$.* GL7MK >%( %55'"&$0 -,-25#.&,"&+ 6&3#26,'" (*44#2 61"07 89*7 -7 NOOP@ :@ 9,< E
BbU8 D BbZ8
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c $0# $>, [-%..,>\ 5#%S( %$ 4 # b$0 4#+0%-&(4 >0&+0 &( +0%.%+$#.&1#" ;* +,%'#(+#-+# ,6 ,-+#26,.4#" ($%;&'&1#" +,'2 ',&"( >&$0 (4%''#. #-(#4;'#( ,6 .#%+$&3# 5%''%"&)4 %$,4( 6,.4#" ").&-/ #'#+$.,'*(&(< F,-$.,' #O5#.&4#-$( +'#%.'* (0,>#" $0%$ 0#%$&-/ $0# +,'',&"( G#%( .#5'%+#" ;* % (%+.&6&+&%' -&+S#' %-,"##.# +%.." ,)$ &- >0&+0 (#3#.%' ,6 $0# 5%.%4#$#.( >0&+0 0%" 5.#3&,)('* ;##- (0,>- $, ;# &-($.)4#-$%' &- "#$#.4&-&-/ $0# (&1# ,6 $0# ?" +,'',&"( >#.# 3%."< I'#+$.,'*(&( %$ Pb "F >&$0 !I # b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o %-" %- %3#.%/# 5%.$&+'# (&1# ,6 R ,6 c # B%( $#.4&-%$#"@ .#()'$&-/ &- ?$T?" +,'',&"( 0%3&-/ %%3#.%/# (&1# ,6 8&$0 >%$#.@ %+#$,-# %-" $,')#-#< *&$'(+,&J;$;c :#6,.# %+$)%' )(# $0# #'#+$.,'*(&( +#'' >%( "." 6,. (#3#.%' 0,).( %$ Vb "F &- % ".*&-/ ,3#- %-" ();(#^)#-$'* +,,'#" &- %- %./,- ($.#%4< H0# #'#+$.,'*$# >%( %""#" $0.,)/0 %- %55.,5.&%$# 0,(# )-"#. &-#.$ /%( G!.K +,-"&$&,-(< H0# ,5#-&-/( >#.# +',(#" >&$0 .);;#. ($,55#.(< N,. $0# /%'3%-,($%$&+ #'#+$.&+&$* ()55'* % (&45'# +,44#.+&%''* %3%&'%;'# &-($.)4#-$ Gm-&>%$$ 9]RbPK >%( #45',*#"< M).&-/ #'#+$.,'*(&(@ $0# +#'' >%( ();4#./#" &- %- )'$.%(,-&+ +'#%-&-/ ;%$0 G:%-"#'&- =,-,.#O =)5#. 7a BbCQK< H0#.4,($%$&1%$&,- >%( #-().#" ;* +,,'&-/ #'#4#-$( ,6 %- #O$#.-%' %//.#/%$# GQ%%S# 9R ,. g%)"% maH REbK< A- $0# +%(# ,6 #'#+$.,'*(#( %$ $#45#.%$).#( %;,3# 8b "F@ % >%$#.2+,,'#" .#6')O +,-"#-(#. >%( )(#"< A,."#. $, $%S# (%45'#( ").&-/ #'#+$.,'*(&(@ % (*.&-/# >%( #45',*#"@ %-" B D 8 4g (%45'#( >#.# 5'%+#" &- %- %./,-26&''#" 6'%(S #^)&55#" >&$0 % H#6',($,55#.< A- $0,(# +%(#( &- >0&+0 $0# 5%''%"&)4 +,-()45$&,- >%( 5#.&,"&2 +%''* "#$#.4&-#" ").&-/ $0# #'#+$.,'*(&(@ +0%./# 6',> >%( &-$#..)5$#" 6,. % (0,.$ $&4#@ $0# +#'' >%( ,5#-#"@ %-" $0# %-,"# >%( >%(0#" >&$0 %+#$,-# 61"07 89*7 -7 NOOP@ :@ 9,< E
BbU8 D BbZ8 %-" 6&-%''* >#&/0#"< A$ >%( $0#- "." %$ Vb "F 6,. % (0,.$ $&4# %-" .#2 &-(#.$#" &-$, $0# #'#+$.,'*(&( +#'' )-"#. %- %$4,(50#.# ,6 %./,-< H0# $,$%' &-$#..)5$&,- $,,S %;,)$ E 4&-
( ,- $.%-(&$&,- 4#$%' +,'',&"( %-" -%-,5%.$&+'#(c %K 6;9,'"*, &.# 6(;;($#,c X*(0 N1"(*5 '( PMM;$%&'$(., GI"09$* NOOO@ R2@ VBbZ D VBBBn 4K a< 7< :.,>-@ M< ]< _%'$#.@ J< r< 9%$%-@ 61"07 U&'"*7 NOOO@ RS@ RbP D RBRn -K r< t0)@ =< g&)@ k< ?%'+0&S@ h< a,'$*5&-@ !< ]#"%-S#-@ O&.>09$* NOOO@ R2@ PRZP D PRZZn ,K _< ?< J+F,--#''@ r< ?< 9,3%S@ g< F< :.,)((#%) AAA@ 7< 7< N).#.@ 7< F< H#-#-$@ M< g< N#'"0#&4@ -7 )15,7 61"07 E NOOO@ RdD@ UZCE D UZRb< W8X =).6%+$%-$ ($%;&'&1#.( ,6 $0# $*5# 789!L" 0%3# ;##- )(#" 5%.$&+)'%.'* ,6$#-n (## 6,. #O%45'#c %K r< a&>&@ J< ].u$1#'@ -7 P07 61"07 %."(@ M< !< r#66#.(,-@ M< ]< M)66@ P..7 C"M7 )*(>7 61"0@ 09$* PUU[@ e@ CRbB D CRbZ< WPX %K !< Q#-/'#&-@ N(M7 69**7 61"07 PUWW@ RD[@ BBR D BUbn ;K J< J&+0%#'&(@ !< Q#-/'#&-@ -7 )15,7 61"07 PUUN@ e2@ 8VBZ D 8VC8n +K !< Q#-/'#&-@ M< J#&(#'@ O&.>09$* PUUW@ RD@ VRZC D VRZPn "K !< Q#-/'#&-@ J< ].(&/@ -7 )15,7 61"07 E PUUU@ Rd[@ ZERR D ZERZn #K (## %'(, ?%5&.#.Y( ($)"* ,- $0# $0#.4,'*(&( ,6 "&+,;%'$ ,+$%+%.;,-*' &+,-($.%&-#" #-3&.,-4#-$ &- >0&+0 $0# S&-#$&+( ,6 -)+'#%$&,- %-" /.,>$0 >#.# 4,-&$,.#"c I< ?%5&.#.@ ?< Q,.-*@ Q< :%'%."@ 7< !-$0,.#@ F< ?#$&5%(@ !< J%.$&-#$@ -7 6(;;($# `.'"*+&%" -@ J< r< 9%$%-@ O&.>09$* PUUW@ RD@ VCP D VCUn +K Q< _#''#.@ P.>"G7 61"07 PUU[@ Rd3@ 8R D EEn P.>"G7 61"07 `.'7 8#7 8.>;< PUU[@ [S@ 8B D ER< J< !< _%$1S*@ 7< ]< N&-S#@ -7 P07 61"07 ;< PUUX@ [2@ CbUb D CbURn +K !< H%'#;@ F< ?#$&$@ J< ?< ?&'#-&@ 61"07 U&'"*7 PUUX@ e@ ZEb D ZEZn "K J< !< J%.S,>&$1@ ]@ !< =&-/0@ O&.>09$* PUUV@ Rd@ 8bZE D 8BbCn #K a< a).&0%.%@ r< Q< N#-"'#.@ A< 7%3#$@ r< :< 9%/*@ -7 U(;7 6&'&;7 PUWZ@ [D@ RCE D RREn 6K =< ?)33%"%@ =< :%.%'@ ]< J< F0,>@ =< :< v%".&@ :< 7< 7%$-%@ -7 P07 61"07 %*@ r< kYJ< :,+S.&(@ )*(%7 C7 ;7 PUUZ@ [3@ CbZC D CbZ8< J< H< 7##$1@ =< !< v)%&(#.@ F< J#.S@ 61"07 E"*7 PUUZ@ RSe@ V8B D V8R< %K h