SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI ...

SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK METANOL DAN FRAKSI KLOROFORM DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan skrining fitokimia dan uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol dan fraksi kloroform daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) familia Annonaceae terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Skrining fitokimia dilakukan terhadap serbuk simplisia, ekstrak metanol dan fraksi kloroform. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol dan dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi secara berturut-turut menggunakan pelarut n-heksana dan kloroform. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode difusi agar menggunakan cakram kertas. Hasil skrining fitokimia daun sirsak menunjukkan adanya senyawa alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, glikosida, steroid/triterpenoid, dan saponin. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 150 mg/ml dengan diameter daerah hambat sebesar 14,1 mm dan bakteri Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 250 mg/ml dengan diameter daerah hambat sebesar 14,5 mm. Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak metanol pada konsentrasi 5 mg/ml, memberikan diameter daerah hambatan sebesar 8,6 mm untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan 8,0 mm untuk bakteri Escherichia coli. Fraksi kloroform memberikan daerah hambat yang kurang baik terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureusdan Escherichia coli,dimana diameter daerah hambatan terbesar fraksi kloroform pada konsentrasi 300 mg/ml dengan diameter daerah hambat berturut-turut sebesar 12,1 mm dan 11,5 mm. KHM fraksi kloroform pada konsentrasi 50 mg/ml, memberikan diameter daerah hambatan sebesar 8,8 mm untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan 8,3 mm untuk bakteri Escherichia coli. Ekstrak metanol lebih efektif menghambat bakteri dibandingkan dengan fraksi kloroform.

Kata kunci: daun sirsak, antibakteri, Staphylococcusaureusdan Escherichia coli

Universitas Sumatera Utara

THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT AND CHLOROFORM FRACTION OF SOURSOP LEAVES(Annona muricata L.) ABSTRACT The phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity of methanol extract, chloroform fraction of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.), of the family of Annonaceae againts Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli have been carried out. The phytochemical screening of simplex powder, methanol extract, chloroform fraction have been carried out. The extraction process by maceration method using methanol as solvent and then fractionated, first with n-hexane then chloroform. The antibacterial activities were measured in vitro by means of agar diffusion method using paperdisk. The phytochemical screening results of soursop leaves showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, glycoside, steroid/triterpenoid and saponine. The results of antibacterial activities examination showed methanol extract can inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at concentration 150 mg/ml with inhibitation zone diameter were 14.1 mm and Escherichia coli at concentration 250 mg/ml with inhibitation zone diameter were 14.5 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol extract were 5 mg/ml, with inhibitation diameter were 8.6 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 8.0 mm for Escherichia coli. The chloroform fraction given less inhibitory against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which the largest diameter area of chloroform fraction at concentration 300 mg/ml with inhibitation diameter were consecutively as follows 12.1 mm dan 11.5 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chloroform fraction were 50 mg/ml, with inhibitation diameter were 8.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 8.3 mm for Escherichia coli. The methanol extract has more effective to inhibited bacterial than chloroform fraction.

Key words: soursop leaves, antibacterial activity, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Universitas Sumatera Utara