the labour unit of three different hospitals within Ilorin metropolis: Eyitayo Hospital, Surulere Medical. Hospital and Children Specialist Hospital Centre Gboro ...
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BIOKEMISTRI 19(2):59-64 (December 2007) This article is downloadable online in PDF format at http://www.bioline.org.br/bk
Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology Printed in Nigeria
Some Biochemical and Haematological Studies on the Prevalence of Congenital Malaria in Ilorin, Nigeria
Olatunji M. KOLAWOLE1*, Abiodun G. JIMOH2, Samuel A. BABATUNDE3, Olayinka R. BALOGUN2, Ifeoma G. KANU1
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. 3 Department of Haematology, P.M.B. 1515, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
2
Received 12 November 2007 MS/No BKM/2007/049, © 2007 Nigerian Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract A seven month study (March-September 2006) on the prevalence of congenital malaria was carried out at the labour unit of three different hospitals within Ilorin metropolis: Eyitayo Hospital, Surulere Medical Hospital and Children Specialist Hospital Centre Gboro Ilorin. A total of 130 blood samples were collected from the mothers and their newborn babies and examined for malaria parasite using both thin and thick films. Maternal packed cell volume (PCV) and genotype was also determined using haematocrit method and cellulose acetate electrophoresis respectively. The prevalence rate of maternal, fetal, placental and cord parasitaemia were 37(28.46%), 29(22.31%), 33(25.38%) and 30(23.08%) respectively. Malaria infected maternal blood had a mild reduction in PCV level (p0.05
9(69.2%) 67(74.4%) 24(88.9%)
11(22.9%) 18(22.0%) P>0.05
37(77.1%) 64(78.0%)
11(22.9%) 22(26.8%) P>0.05
37(77.1%) 60(73.2%)
12(25.0%) 18(22.0%) P>0.05
36(75.0%) 64(78.0%)
Negative (%)
14-20 5(38.5%) 8(61.5%) 62(68.9%) 21-30 28(31.1%) 23(85.2%) 31-40 4(14.8%) P-value P>0.05 Parity 33(68.7%) Primigravidae 15(31.3%) 60(73.2%) Multigravidae 22(26.8%) P-value P>0.05 P>0.05 showed no strong correlation
primigravidae (Table 5). Maternal age and parity showed no strong correlation with maternal, fetal, placental and cord parasitaemia (p>0.05) DISCUSSION Congenital malaria is defined as malarial parasites demonstrated in the peripheral smear of the newborn within the first twenty four hours to seven days of life1. Congenital malaria hitherto thought to be rare is becoming increasingly prevalent. The prevalence rates of maternal, fetal, placental and cord parasitaemia recorded in this study were 28.4%, 22.31%, 25.38% and 23.08% respectively (Table 1). In Maputo, Mozambique 17.3% of screened mothers were infected and so was 1.5% of their newborn babies [8]. In the highlands of Jos, northern Nigeria, 44.51% of mothers and 28.2% of their newborn were infected9. Higher prevalence of congenital 62
malaria in some other communities in Nigeria have been reported as in references 4, 10, 11 and 12 which were 32%, 55%, 26.61% and 46.7% respectively. However, this present study has also established that congenital malaria is a common occurrence amongst the newborns in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria The mean parasitaemia density in maternal, placental, fetal and cord blood were 32450 + 128.46, 12245 + 62.33, 25660 + 110.70 and 13355 +65.06 respectively (Table 2). The highest parasite density was seen in maternal blood while the least was seen in fetal blood. The low prevalence rate of parasite density in fetal blood could be as a result of barrier offered by the placental to the foetus. This in agreement with the finding of Ezechukwu et al1. Maternal PCV had a strong correlation with maternal parasitaemia at p< 0.05 (Table 3). The significant reduction in PCV level indicates a
relationship between malaria parasitaemia and anaemia. This may be due to the fact that pregnant women with malaria parasitaemia are likely to be anemic though may or may not be severe. This is in line with the report of Chimsuku et al13. Women with haemoglobin genotype AA showed high prevalence of parasitaemia with about 41.6% as compared with 5% recorded in haemoglobin genotype AS women (Table 4). This is in accordance with the findings of Cheesbrough6 who reported that sickle cell trait carriers have lower parasite densities and are more protected against death from severe malaria and the development of hyper reactive malaria splenomegaly compared with haemoglobin genotype AA (HbAA) and haemoglobin genotype SS (HbSS) individuals. Genotype showed strong correlation with maternal, fetal, placental and cord parasitaemia (p
