"Sport, skills & knowledge"

Prof. Dr. V. Lippens

University of Hamburg

June 09

European College of Sport Science in Oslo 2009 Invited speakers in symposia "Sport, skills & knowledge". (Volker Lippens) IS-SS07: 15:15 - 16:45

“It’s going to get done!” Introduction to the approach “Insides the performer’s mind”: What we have done in the 90th was an adaptation of Kaminski’s approach in investigating the process of learning to ski downhill to rower novices and the training processes of high performance rowers. Acording to Rieder’s considerations (1983), we called it a complex analysis of human movements or actions in sports. SPORTLER

Eigensicht Analyse Analyse

Sportler

Fremdsicht

Wissenschaftler

VERMITTLER

Fig. 1: Complex analysis of human movements (cf., Lippens 1992, 1993, 1997)

To summarize - as take-home message – the two main points are: -

Insight and outsight views are two sides of one coin. In our opinion - you cannot analyze human movement by considering only one view as it is usually done for example in biomechanics or physiology!

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In the process of analyzing it is not only useful but also more ecological valid to integrate the actor as an authority or an expert for her/his own moving. If you accept the athlete as a responsible person you have to embed her or his opinion/meaning beside those of the coach and the scientist as well.

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Prof. Dr. V. Lippens

University of Hamburg

June 09

As a practitioner for one and as a scientist as well you are always standing on the shoulders of others (cf., Merton, 1980) who worked in your area before. That’s the giants on which shoulders I try to stand:

Kohl, K. (1956). Zum Problem der Sensumotorik. He has been a famous Gestalt psychologist in Germany und elaborated the term GESTALT for sports. His main message is that the position of human beings shifts from one state called egocentric to an another called personenvironment interaction (exocentric) during learning to move in sport as well. Kohl, K. (1956). Zum Problem der Sensumotorik: Psychologische Analysen zielgerichteter Handlungen aus dem Gebiet des Sports [The problem of the perception of self-originated movements: Psychological analysis of judgment of performance in the field of sports]. Oxford, England: Kramer.

Kaminski, G. (1982). What beginner skier can teach us about actions. The first paper was written [1972] and was titled “Movements out of an inner and outside view”. He opened the door in the sportscience of Germany for a more cognitive approach to left the dusty pathway of behaviorism. In my opinion he was the first - after the ‘Ganzheit’-psychologists in the 1930 years – who tried to combine biomechanical data and psychological date. He started a paradigm shift in the area of motor learning and motor control in Germany! Kaminski, G. (1982). What beginner skier can teach us about actions. In M. von Cranach & R. Harré (Eds.): The analysis of action. Recent theoretical and empirical advances. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 99-114

Groeben, N. & Scheele, B. (2000). Dialogue-hermeneutic Method and the "Research Program Subjective Theories“. They started their consideration originally [1986] with the intention to summarize thinking and feeling before, during and after acting as a (re-) constructing of Subjective Theories of common people in analogy of Objective Theories by scientist. Groeben, Norbert & Scheele, Brigitte (2001). Dialogue-Hermeneutic Method and the "Research Program Subjective Theories" [9 paragraphs]. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 2(1), Art. 10, http://nbnresolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0002105 2

Prof. Dr. V. Lippens

University of Hamburg

June 09

Dreyfus, H.L. & Dreyfus, S.E. (1986). Mind over Machine. These brothers, one is a philosopher and the other has been in a workgroup of artificial intelligence, pointed out the power of intuitive action of experts. May be, Matthias Kromer will show us a nice slide in comparing this work with Simondon – when his presentation will be in time – I hope ‘cause it’s a nice animation!! Hubert Dreyfus and Stuart Dreyfus (1986). Mind Over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer. New York: The Free Press.

“It’s going to get done!” Stephan Fahrig, a PhD student, has investigated how it works best in a coxless pair – I’m sorry - from an outsight (bio-)mechanical viewpoint, but with a special insight as an expert! As a rower on the stroke he owns a domain specific experience (Sutton, 2007) in this boat on several world championships. In a reanalysis he studied the synchronization in a dynamic system approach by the means of mechanical data. Fahrig, Stephan (2010). Zur Interaktionsproblematik im Riemenzweier der Sportart Rudern. Schriftenreihe des BISP. Köln: Strauß ISBN: 978-3-86884-514-3

‘When the boat runs’: "Actually I've got the feeling for it, but cannot explain it in words!" But I do not agree with this comment at all, there is no expertise-induced

amnesia, because the athletes are able to explain/elaborate the meaning - after a while the process of rebuilding from the inside fits! It is only the beginning of re-constructing their Subjective Theories or re-adaptating of their active thoughts resp. their dynamic, domain-specific mediating experiences. May be we return to this point in the session later on. From my point of view, this could be a prospective area of the session: 3

Prof. Dr. V. Lippens

University of Hamburg

June 09

Cognitive turn: Talking Heads cognition before, in (?) and after action

Subjective Theorie

embodied knowlegde, skills, procedural system,extended mind ... Body resp. practice turn: Smart Bodyminds

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