Squirrel cage Induction Generator simulations on a ...

ISBN-13: 978-1542397674

Proceedings of ICRTE-2017

Squirrel cage Induction Generator simulations on a MATLAB/SIMULINK Envionment Swathi.V, Agalya, Dr K.Nithiyananthan Karpagam College of Engineering Coimbatore TamilNadu India

ABSTRACT The main aim of this research work is to build up a MATLAB based Simulations model for squirrel cage induction generator. Of all wind power technologies, the variable speed systems employing the Squirrel Cage Induction Generator are the cheapest and simplest. This paper ways to deal with the MATLAB programming to develop a dynamic model, of a generation system of electrical energy with a variable speed wind turbine using a squirrel cage induction generator which is connected to the grid by a back to back frequency converter. In this paper, for applying the proposed scheme to the wind turbine, the design and modeling of the induction generators simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.

KEYWORDS:

Wind Power Systems, Squirrel cage induction Generator, MATLAB

Simulations, SIMULINK.

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1.


INTRODUCTION

With a lack of fossil fuels and worldwide attentiveness toward ecological maintainability, the interest for renewable energy is expanding relentlessly. Wind energy conversion system transformation framework is for the most part associated with the electric power grid and supplies electric energy to supplement the base power from other generation systems utilizing fossil fuel or atomic energy. The expanding accentuation on renewable wind energy has offered ascend to increased consideration on more solid and invaluable electrical generator systems. Acceptance generator systems have been broadly utilized and concentrated on as a part of wind power generation system in light of their preferences over synchronous generators. Enlistment generator is an offbeat generator, it is a kind of AC electrical generator. Acceptance generators work by mechanically turning their rotor quicker than the synchronous speed. These are valuable in applications, for example, smaller than normal hydro control plants and wind turbines. Acceptance generators are mechanically and electrically less complex than other generator sorts. Enlistment generators are especially appropriate for wind producing stations as for this situation speed is dependably a variable component. Not at all like synchronous engines, enlistment generators are load subordinate and can't be utilized above for network recurrence control. The clear power change procedure utilizing squirrel-confine enlistment generator (SCIG) is broadly acknowledged in settled speed applications with less accentuation on the high proficiency and control of force stream. Presently –a – days because of consistent extension of Wind Power System Network, controlling and checking of Induction generators in wind Power frameworks is unavoidable. Arrangements through cutting edge information correspondences model are in obvious. [1-26] The objective of this exploration work is to acquire a dynamic model of the windmill, which is furnished with a squirrel confine acceptance generator (SCIG) and a full power converter to do the control. Also, this dynamic model will permit us make a few reproductions and comprehend the conduct of the generator with this sort of a control. The most utilized generator is the twofold bolster enlistment generator (DFIG), and recommend to change it by squirrel cage acceptance generator (SCIG), inferable from the strength of SCIG and since it has minimal effort with a practically invalid support. [27] To decrease the generator costs and whatever remains of the expenses are the same since coupling a similar full converter and applying a similar control. The windmill, likewise called as the wind turbine, is a method for misuse the dynamic energy of the wind and changing over it into electrical energy utilizing an electrical

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generator. [28] In this exploration work a squirrel cage enlistment generator, regardless of this kind of a generator, normally, is connected by the settled speed windmills, which is specifically associated with the grid,or can incorporate a condenser between the generator and the grid to remunerate the receptive power. For our situation, a full power converter amongst generator and the matrix. Remark that the squirrel cage is fairly basic as a motor.[29]

1.1 METHODOLOGY MATLAB Cross section look into office is a multi-world view numerical enrolling environment and fourth period programming vernacular made by Math-Works, MATLAB licenses grid controls, plotting of limits and data, execution of figurings, beyond any doubt of GUIs and interfacing with tasks written in various lingos. Notwithstanding the way that MATLAB is proposed on a very basic level for numerical enrolling an optional device compartment uses the MuPAD regular handling limits [30]. An additional package, Simulink incorporates graphical multi-space amusement and model based arrangement for element and introduced structure. MATLAB customers start from various establishments of outlining, science and budgetary aspects [31]. MATLAB is comprehensively used as a piece of academic and research associations furthermore mechanical endeavors. Moreover MATLAB gives a charming space with a few trustworthy and exact intrinsic limits. MATLAB family collaborate with simulink programming to show electrical, mechanical and control systems [32].A aftereffect of the MathWorks, Inc. MATLAB started life as a program expected to perform structure science, yet during the time it has formed into a versatile preparing system prepared for dealing with fundamentally any particular issue. MATLAB can control and change colossal structures and can be used as a part of various numerical applications. MATLAB's abilities can be connected with development called SIMULINK, a program which is customarily used as a part of the examination and blend of present day frameworks [33].

1.1.1 STANDARDS IN MATLAB Whenever MATLAB/SIMULINK has been investigated with EMTP/ATP, it has been demonstrated that it is better for the power system simulations. The accompanying things consolidate their most basic differentiations in protection systems simulations [34] : 1. The EMTP/ATP is specific programming to reproduce control structure transient issue, however the MATLAB/SIMULINK can be used to recreate wind power systems. SIMULINK,

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now merged into MATLAB, can similarly be used to look at and outline of wind power systems. In the midst of latest four decade's recreation of wind power systems have expanded more centrality. In any case, rather than MATLAB/SIMULINK programming it is difficult to incorporate the displaying and reenactment to show specific protective exchanging thoughts that go past the level of detail at first gave by the item. The MATLAB programming group with SIMULINK bolster an is utilized to make changed show libraries for instructing wind power system ideas.

2. ATP/EMTP is planned to reconnect the physical systems of transmission lines and transformers quickly and supportively however MATLAB/SIMULINK offers more possible results in power gadgets, signal processing and control.

3. Clients can without a lot of an extend make new hand-off model with MATLAB/SIMULINK, however EMTP/ATP doesn't have such limit.

4. MATLAB/SIMULINK encompasses best practical limit devices over EMTP/ATP of pc plot, plot xy and so on.

1.1.2 Elements OF MATLAB Tool compartments The components of the MATLAB tool stash used as a part of the investigation of power systems are, empowering future alteration and augmentation of programming. This is basic for investigates that are captivating in making and testing new for various power system applications. It gives a street to viably prepare data records in usually recognized associations for systems that are made and the results made by one application can be easily used either totally or to a limited extent by some other application reinforced by the package. MATLAB/SIMULINK tool compartment includes: a. MatPower Tool compartment b. Power System Analysis Tool unit and c. Voltage Stability Tool unit.

Application libraries contains Dispersed resources library, Electric drives library and Adaptable Air molding transmission library. Electrical Sources gather contains A.C. current source, A.C.

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moreover, D.C. voltage source, Controlled voltage and current source, Three-stage programmable voltage source, Three stage source and Battery. The Components assemble contains single-stage models RLC branches and loads, direct and saturable transformers, shared inductances, n-range lines, MOV sort surge arrester, electrical switch and n-stage appropriated parameter line show. Using the covering office of SIMULINK, the customer can without a doubt incorporate more personality boggling segments worked from the basic PSB building pieces and accomplice a discourse box. This system has been used to develop a three-phase library which is also given. The Power Electronics total contains essential semiconductor gadgets. Each segment in this gettogether (except for Diode) has a SIMULINK gating control input and a SIMULINK yield returning switch current and voltage. MatPower Tool kit is a package for clarifying power stream and perfect power stream issues. This package is expected to give the best execution while keeping the code simple to appreciate and change. Power System Analysis Tool stash is for electric power structure examination and control. It incorporates control stream, unending force stream, perfect power stream, little flat security investigation and time territory proliferation. Voltage stability Tool stash separates voltage security issues and offers information to power framework masterminding, operation and control. Additional library involve Control squares, Discrete control pieces, Discrete estimations and Phasor Library.

1.1.3 BLOCK LIBRARIES The PSB is a realistic device that licenses building schematics and amusement of drive systems in the SIMULINK environment. The piece set uses the SIMULINK environment to address essential fragments and systems found in electrical power systems. It includes a piece library that consolidates electrical models, for instance, RLC branches and loads, transformers, lines, surge arrester, electric machines, control gadgets, etc. Layouts can be accumulated just by using snap and drag systems into SIMULINK windows. The Power framework Blockset uses a comparative drawing and smart talk boxes to enter parameters as in standard SIMULINK pieces. The Machines groups contain improved and detail models of synchronous machine, asynchronous machine, a power magnet synchronous machine, a model of water powered turbine representative, and an excitation framework. Each machine block has a SIMULINK yield returning estimations of inside components. The PSB graphical interface (Powergui) joins a natural instrument to set basic conditions. This licenses proliferation with starting conditions, or to start the entertainment with persevering state. A pile stream computational motor grants instating three-organize circuits

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containing synchronous and offbeat machine, so that the amusement particularly starts in persisting state. Generation results can be imagined with SIMULINK scopes connected with yields of estimation pieces open in the PSB library. This estimation square goes about as an interface between the electrical pieces and the SIMULINK squares. The voltage and current estimation squares can be used at picked centers as a part of the circuit to change over electrical signs into SIMULINK signals.

2 SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION GENERATORS Induction motor working as a generator consider a frictionless vehicle fueled by a squirrel-cage induction motor that is specifically coupled to the wheels as the vehicle climbs a slope, the engine keeps running at somewhat not exactly synchronous speed, conveying a torque adequate to defeat the force of gravity. Electric energy proselytes to kinetic energy then potential energy at the highest point of the slope or on level ground, the constrain of gravity does not become an integral factor and the engine runs emptied and near synchronous speed as the vehicle drops a slope, the engine runs somewhat speedier than synchronous speed and builds up a counter torque that contradicts the expansion in speed. Potential energy proselytes to dynamic energy then electric energy. 2.1 Generator Operation In generator operation the rotor turns above synchronous speed, it builds up a counter-torque that contradicts the over speed same impact as a brake the rotor gave back the power as electrical energy as opposed to scattering it as warmth alluded to as offbeat era kinetic energy is changed over into electrical energy the engine conveys dynamic energy to the electrical framework the electrical framework must give reactive power to make the stator's rotating magnetic field. Dynamic power conveyed to the line is straightforwardly corresponding to the slip Generator Operations. In generator operation the rotor turns above synchronous speed it builds up a countertorque that restricts the over speed same impact as a brake the rotor gave back the power as electrical energy as opposed to dispersing it as warmth alluded to as offbeat era active vitality is changed over into electrical energy the engine conveys dynamic energy to the electrical framework the electrical framework must give reactive power to make the stator's rotating magnetic field – higher motor speed produces more noteworthy electrical yield – evaluated yield power is come to at little slips, |s | < 3%.[44]

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Synchronous generators have the DC field excitation provided from batteries, DC generators or an rectified AC source. At the point when DC generators are utilized they might be driven from the AC generator shaft straightforwardly or by method for a belt drive or they might be independently determined, free from the AC generator. In any of the above applications, DC is connected to the field through brushes riding on slip rings joined to the rotor. Brushless generators utilize a small AC generator driven straightforwardly from the shaft. The AC output is rectified and the DC is connected directly to the principle generator field. The exciter generator setup is turned around from the ordinary generator in that the armature is pivoted with the principle generator shaft and the field is settled. Along these lines, the AC yield can be sustained to a rectifier gathering which additionally pivots and the subsequent DC associated specifically to the principle generator field without brushes or slip rings. Synchronous generators are evaluated as per NEMA Standards on a persistent obligation premise. The rating is communicated in KVA accessible at the terminals at 0.80 power figure. An induction generator gets its excitation (polarizing current) from the framework to which it is associated. It expends instead of provisions reactive power (KVAR) and supplies just real power (KW) to the system. The KVAR required by the inductance generator in addition to the KVAR prerequisites of every single other load on the framework must be provided from synchronous generators or static capacitors on the framework. At the point when a squirrel cage inductance generator is empowered from a power system and is mechanically determined over its synchronous speed it will convey energy to the framework. Working as a generator at a given rate slip above synchronous speed, the torque, current, productivity and power element won't vary enormously from that when working as an engine. A similar slip underneath synchronous speed, the pole torque and electric power stream is switched. [45]

On account of their effortlessness and small size per kilowatt of yield power, enlistment generators are additionally supported firmly for small windmills. Numerous business windmills are intended to work in parallel with substantial power frameworks, providing a small amount of the client's aggregate power needs. In such operation, the power framework can be depended on for voltage and recurrence control, and static capacitors can be utilized for power-calculate rectification.

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3 MATLAB BASED MODEL FOR THE THREE PHASE INDUCTION GENERATOR[46-48] The proposed simulation model is keep a similar fundamental structure of the framework, at any rate, the most vital gatherings: Mechanical system (Turbine and Gear Box), Generator, Converter with his control and Grid as appeared in Figure 1.The execution manages the model made in MATLAB utilizing the Sim Power Systems® Tool, the GUI. Through this advanced data simulation model of any Induction generator model is interconnected, reproduced effortlessly and its examination can be completed. [33-43].

Fig 1 Simulation Model for Induction Generator •

Modeling of the Mechanical System The model of the mechanical framework incorporates both Turbine system and Gear

Box. The Gear Box model is supplanted by just the transmission proportion [2].The progression of the windmill is portrayed in the model as dt = 1 •

Modeling of Full Power Converter Fig 5.1 demonstrates that the model of the full power

converter have been partitioned in three sections (Generator side, DC Link and Network side), as is in reality the converter (rectifier, dc transport and inverter). •

Grid Side Converter The block of the grid converter incorporates the DC Link voltage control and the reactive

power control conveyed to the grid.

3.1 SIMULATION RESULTS

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The load torque connected to the machine's shaft is steady and set to its nominal value. The engine is begun from slow down. The speed set indicate is set 3 p.u or 1500 rpm. In any case, the maximum speed accomplished from this model is around 1650 rpm as appeared in Figure 2.[46]

Figure 2 Rotor Speed Vs time

The desired speed is accomplished at 1.8 sec. The noise produced in the inverter side is additionally seen in the electromagnetic waveform Te. However engine inertia keeps this noise from showing up in the motor's speed waveform as appeared in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Electromagnetic torque The rotor current fluctuates somewhere around 0 and 1.5 sec. the stator current is drawn around 10A the time response of electromagnetic torque is expressed. The torque is variable from 0 to 0.7 sec. at that point the rated torque i.e; 9 N-m is come to at 2 sec. The stator and rotor current reaction of squirrel cage induction motor is appeared at 2 sec as appeared in Figure 4.

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Figure 4 Rotor and stator current

The scientific demonstrating of a three-phase induction generator is displayed in a well ordered way. At that point model was tried on a circuit intended for same machine yet encouraged by a static frequency inverter. The simulated machines have given an attractive reaction as far as the torque and speed characteristics. A similar model was checked for little and bigger systems.

4. CONCLUSION The induction machines considered for the simulations of the squirrel-cage induction generator

(SCIG).

The

induction

generators

are

displayed

and

reproduced

in

MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Investigating the got results can be presumed that the model of the SCIG generator, the model of the mechanical framework, the model of the DC Link and the model of the lattice side converter are right. Demonstrate has been portrayed profoundly the detailing of the dynamic model of a squirrel cage induction generator associated with the grid by a consecutive converter. For further work, are proposed take after various lines of study proposed understand the investigation of how the framework conduct change when are supplanted the by the entire framework. It can likewise fascinating incorporate into the model the grid and the transformer, and examine how respond the framework when associate a farm of windmills.

5. REFERENCES

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25. Nithiyananthan K, Ramachandran V, (2003), ‘Distributed Mobile Agent Model for Multi - Area on-line Economic Load Dispatch’, Journal of Electrical Engineering, Romania, EUROPE, Vol. 54, No. 11-12, pp.316-319. 26. Nithiyananthan K, Ramachandran V, (2002), ‘EJB based component model for distributed Load flow monitoring of multi - area power systems’, International Journal of Engineering Modelling, Croatia, EUROPE, Vol. 15, No 1-4, pp.63-67. 27. Nyein Nyein Soe, Thet thet Han Yee, and Soe Sandar Aung “Dynamic Modelling and Simulation of Three phase Small Power Induction Motor” World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 42, 2008. 28. A Ansari, D M Deshpande “Mathematical Model of Asynchronous Machine in MATLAB Simulink” International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(5), 2010. 29. M. Kezunovic, G. Latisko, M. Knezev, T. Popovic, “Automation of Fault Analysis: Implementation Approaches and Related Benefits,” International Conference on Electrical Engineering, ICEE 07, Hong Kong, July, 2007. 30. Khadim Moin Siddiqui, Dr. V.K. Giri “Modelling and Detection of Rotor Broken Bar Fault using Induction Motor Fed PWM Inverter”, IJCST Vol. 3, ISSue 1, Jan. - March 2012. 31. Meenakshi Mataray and Vinay Kakkar “ASYNCHRONOUS MACHINE MODELING USING SIMULINK FED BY PWM INVERTER” , International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, May 2011. 32. Ashish R. Patel, J. K. Chauhan, Dharita K. Patel “Simulation for a 3-phase induction Motor under unbalanced conditions” National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology ,13-14 May 2011. 33. The MathWorks, Inc., Power System Blockset,User’s Guide, Version 1, 1999. 34. G. Hima Bindu , Dr. P. Nagaraju Mandadi, 'Design and Modelling of Induction Generator Wind power Systems by using MATLAB/SIMULINK 'International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering,Asia,Vol. 3, Issue 8, August 2014 35. SyahrelEmran Bin Siraj, Tan Yong Sing, Raman Raguraman, Pratap Nair Marimuthu, K.Nithiyananthan,(2016) ‟Application of Cluster Analysis and Association Analysis Model Based Power System Fault Identification‟, European Journal of Scientific Research, Europe,Vol No 138, No 1.50-55. 36. S. SamsonRaja, R. Sundar, A.Amutha, K. Nithiyananthan, (2016) ‘Virtual State Estimation calculator model for Three Phase Power System Network’, Journal of Energy and Power Engineering, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 497–503, USA.

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