Stealing From Thieves: Breaking IonCube VM to RE Exploit Kits
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Stealing From Thieves: Breaking IonCube VM to RE Exploit Kits
Recovering the license file. ⢠Cracking the license decryp~on algorithm. â DRM law. ⢠Decompila~on of VM Handlers and restoring original PHP source. â Out of ...
Stealing From Thieves: Breaking IonCube VM to RE Exploit Kits Mohamed Saher (@halsten)
About @halsten Reverse Engineering Automa5on of RE tasks Virtualiza5on Regular project-‐euler problem solver (ranked #1 locally) • Old crackmes writer and solver • • • •
Contents • • • • • • •
What is ionCube? Why Protect? How does it work? VM Architecture VM Internals ionCube Loader (SAMPLE) Breaking ionCube – – – – –
Extracting RAW DATA Validating RAW DATA Processing RAW DATA Interpreting the Header Interpreting the Extra Header
• Conclusion • Q & A
Not Covered • Recovering the license file • Cracking the license decryp5on algorithm – DRM law
• Decompila5on of VM Handlers and restoring original PHP source – Out of scope
What is ionCube? • Packer/Compressor
What is ionCube? • Packer/Compressor • Protector/Virtualizer
• Public distribu5on without modifica5on to the original source
PE Packer vs. PHP Encoder • Tradi5onal PE Packers compress/protect the x86 code and uses its stub to decompress/ unprotect it back in during execu5on • PHP Encoders has to rely on the ZEND technology (php-‐>zend_opcodes)
How does it work? (Compila5on)
How does it work? (Run-‐Time)
VM Architecture • Stack based VM (example: .NET, Java) • Byte Code is obfuscated a_er compila5on • Uses some crypto for VM header and parameter encryp5on • Uses Zend Engine
VM Internals • Crypto used within the encoder and the VM – Custom Base64 – Adler32 – CRC32 – SHA-‐1 – MD5 – BlowFish (Counter Mode Encryp5on [CTR]) – Modified Mersenne Twister
Example of a Protected PHP File 4+oV5E3tizCOGmZayKycyFdfdNEYKcDQ2UctWQgi5wUMAYDSmMVeoLZpTJYlsb2ZS87vmUDNyJXy u6mBqXBOY8uBDM8S9FpfYpOU8H2UybP4eoySb3gsXR3LRDVhZQOE547VladmAtDtg672Z0axEinz 4Q0KK4ySJmQf/y74+9n0mQxv89e/3ORP/KEy9C7qQ57ANCp167ft8uwqnxmMG2B0FghtwVsgbjWW TRM9HpX9RfSRUpbRfJyiWM77aOjzW9XB2eAJyxqd/T5a5+EXVl7auGnQ2ZiQhbeeajCwKRwWP0X9 N8VmcedG2VriSa6TMSY++2C4zLx5FcRziK7DMb2vYBQA0IhN8SOiVv4t5JIzumywsmq9bHtAZLdU 62oKLWPotyYaB7R/+nSDX4s7Vwifp0nXJe8NQ5zI36p4UMmoZnHHKC/+oFab7U7rI4uC707fwrhr b95eZu1QsG+TWFhNjn3Ao9UClGrvoye+fIL7xrq=
How does it work? (Internally) • There’s only 1 way to find out, lets see what the loader is doing under the hood
Breaking ionCube Extrac5ng the RAW DATA • Decode the RAW DATA using a custom Base64 character set ("0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcd efghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz+/”) and not (“ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnop qrstuvwxyz0123456789+/”) 4+oV5E3tizCOGmZayKycyFdfdNEYKcDQ2UctWQgi5wUMAYDSmMVeoLZpTJYlsb2ZS87vmUDNyJXy u6mBqXBOY8uBDM8S9FpfYpOU8H2UybP4eoySb3gsXR3LRDVhZQOE547VladmAtDtg672Z0axEinz 4Q0KK4ySJmQf/y74+9n0mQxv89e/3ORP/KEy9C7qQ57ANCp167ft8uwqnxmMG2B0FghtwVsgbjWW TRM9HpX9RfSRUpbRfJyiWM77aOjzW9XB2eAJyxqd/T5a5+EXVl7auGnQ2ZiQhbeeajCwKRwWP0X9 N8VmcedG2VriSa6TMSY++2C4zLx5FcRziK7DMb2vYBQA0IhN8SOiVv4t5JIzumywsmq9bHtAZLdU 62oKLWPotyYaB7R/+nSDX4s7Vwifp0nXJe8NQ5zI36p4UMmoZnHHKC/+oFab7U7rI4uC707fwrhr b95eZu1QsG+TWFhNjn3Ao9UClGrvoye+fIL7xrq=
Breaking ionCube Extrac5ng the RAW DATA • Check for encoded VM restric5ons and rules • Header size (
