H2 based Synthetic Fuels
22 ND JUNE 2018 STEFFEN SCHEMME, REMZI CAN SAMSUN, RALF PETERS, DETLEF STOLTEN
World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Rio de Janeiro
[email protected]
Institute of Electrochemical Process Engineering (IEK-3)
Power-to-Fuel as Part of Sector Coupling in Future Energy Systems Electricity
Electrolysis & Storage
Renewable Power O2
H2
H2 H2
CO2
Industry & Biogas
Liquid fuels
Power-to-Fuel CO2 sequestration
Existing Infrastructure
e.g. wood, straw, sugarcane, … Biomass
Biofuel production
Chemical industry
How technically mature, efficient and expensive is Power-to-Fuel? Institute of Electrochemical Process Engineering IEK-3
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Future Fuel Mix: Role of Liquid Fuels Germany’s Mobility and Fuel Strategy [3] LDV will be electrified (battery / fuel cell)
~ 50 % is diesel
Lack of alternatives for diesel engine and jets due to low energy density of H2 and battery
[1]
Global forecast: Growth in energy consumption by 2050 [2] Aviation 140%, freight traffic 75%, LDV 70% 1. 2. 3.
Even in 2050, there will be need for liquid fuels like diesel and kerosene
Peters et. al - Sustainable Fuels in Transport, 2016 ICCT, The International Council on Clean Transportation - Global Transportation Energy and Climate ROADMAP The impact of transportation policies and their potential to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. 2012. Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development (BMVBS) - The Mobility and Fuel Strategy of German Government.2013
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Approach: Power-to-Fuel1 O2
Aspen Plus® Chemical process optimization software
H2
+€ Drop-in quality
Synthetic liquid Electrofuel
Electrolysis Renewable Power
23 x Chemical Plant Industry
Analysis
Alcohol synthesis2
methanol, …, octanol
Selection of pathways
Ether synthesis
DME, OME1, OME3-5
Fischer-Tropsch
Process design of established and novel fuel pathways
n-alkanes
Optimization η, yield
Methanol-to-Gasoline
Products (Fuels) ∑= 12 23 Modular subprocesses
CAPEX & OPEX €
Comparative Assessment Technical feasibility
1. Schemme, S., et al., Power-to-fuel as a key to sustainable transport systems – An analysis of diesel fuels produced from CO2 and renewable electricity. Fuel, 2017. 205: p. 198-221 (DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.061) 2. Schemme, S., et al., Promising catalytic synthesis pathways towards higher alcohols as suitable transport fuels based on H2 and CO2. Journal of CO2 Utilization [Revision submitted: 04/26/2018]
Technical maturity
ηPower-to-Fuel MJ/lDE TRL, €/lDE O2
€
Economical potential Identify research gaps
H2
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Novelty of Work •
Chemical plant design in Aspen Plus® for Power-to-Fuel pathways towards alcohols, ethers and hydrocarbons with same assumptions and under the same boundary conditions to guarantee comparability •
Reactors, distillation columns etc. validated with experimental data from literature
•
Flowsheet based component-specific cost calculation enables AACE Class 4 (-30% to +50%) estimation for plant investment costs
•
Assessment of technical maturity via Technology Readiness Level of all 23 subprocesses Alcohol synthesis
Ether synthesis Fischer-Tropsch Methanol-to-Gasoline
Development of novel synthesis pathways for higher alcohols Integration of custom-made and validated UNIFAC models to enable process designs for highly non-ideal thermodynamics which occur along the OME3-5 pathways Aspen Plus® Development of novel process configurations for hydrocarbon synthesis without sideproducts Overall system efficiency is more crucial than ηPower-to-Fuel
Usage
Objective
the
Technically sound recommendations on selection of suitable fuels for future sustainable transport systems.
Well-to-Wheel, LCA New fuel strategies Energy system analysis Targeted catalyst research and reactor design …
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Catalyst and reactor research in
ηPower-to-Fuel ≈ 30-60% (depending on fuel)
Take-home messages • Power-to-Fuel technologies …
O2
H2
have already high TRL. ηPower-to-H2 ≈ 70%
promote H2 technologies while simultaneously use existing infrastructure and vehicles. have no chicken-and-egg problem. harness H2 to the entire transport sector. provide promising large scale storage option for fluctuating power.
Conclusion 1. Power-to-Fuel is an ideal transition technology 2. There is no silver bullet
• Blending enables successive integration •
Various market introduction strategies possible, e.g. blending with increasing share, unblended in a fleet, …
Requires Well-to-Wheel, Emission consideration, LCA, Energy system analysis, …
• Overall system efficiency is more crucial than ηPower-to-Fuel • Electrofuel costs are significantly dominated by H2 costs • Process engineering exposes new research fields, e.g. for targeted catalyst research and reactor design
Schemme, S., et al., Fuel, 2017. 205: p. 198-221 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.05.061
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