Jun 15, 2017 - Please scroll down to see the full text. ... from the peat, the exposed surface peat is decomposed by bacteria respiration and wild fire, resulting.
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Strategies for reducing carbon emissions from disturbed tropical peat
This content has been downloaded from IOPscience. Please scroll down to see the full text. 2009 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 6 432001 (http://iopscience.iop.org/1755-1315/6/43/432001) View the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more Download details: IP Address: 181.215.99.67 This content was downloaded on 15/06/2017 at 13:50 Please note that terms and conditions apply.
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Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 6 (2009) 432001
IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1307/6/3/432001
Session: 43 - Integrating Climate Change into Global Sustainability Oral Presentations S43.01 Strategies for reducing carbon emissions from disturbed tropical peat Mitsuru Osaki(1), T Iwakuma(1), H Takahashi(2), T Hirano(1), T Kohyama(1), N Tanaka(1), T Honnma(1), H Sekine(3), A Braimoh(1), SH Limin(4), B Setiadi(5) (1) Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan (2) NPO Hokkaido-Kalimantan Exchange Association for Culture, Science and Technology, Sappro, Japan (3) Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc., Tokyo, Japan (4) University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia (5) National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, Indonesia Tropical peat (including swamps and forests) found on islands in the Indonesian and Malaysian Archipelagos, the Amazon lowlands and Central Africa comprise some 42 Million ha, and are estimated to store approximately 148Gt (1Gt = 1015g) of carbon. Because of their inferior nature, these environments remain undeveloped, possess relatively virgin forests, and are extremely fragile and very liable to disturbance. Much of the recent increased interest in peat globally has resulted from the importance of peatlands as carbon sinks and stores, and their role in carbon cycling between the earth fs surface and the atmosphere. We carried out detailed investigations on peatlands of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia for ten years from 1996 to 2006. Long-term carbon flux was monitored in three ecosystems: native forest (NF), native forest but water-drained (DF), and peatland disturbed by deforestation and wild fire (DP). Our study revealed that once the carbon allocation to the system is decomposed by forest removal and drainage of water from the peat, the exposed surface peat is decomposed by bacteria respiration and wild fire, resulting in progressive subsidence of the peat surface and climate change. The Mega Rice Project (MRP) in Central Kalimantan involving the conversion of over 1 Million ha of peat swamp forests to rice fields opened up the ecosystem to free logging and the use of fire in the process. The irrigation and drainage system associated with the MRP also aggravated fire impacts. Eighty percent of the landscape burned in 1997, releasing about 0.15 Gt of carbon to the atmosphere. This emission is equivalent to more than 2.5% of the annual global carbon emissions from the burning of fossil fuels. Net Ecosystem Production (gC m-2 y-1) was about -400 for DF, and -800 for DP from May 2004 to May 2005, indicating 4 to 8 Mt C emissions per year through microbial respiration from disturbed peatland in the MRP Area. Tropical peat conservation and rehabilitation is a high priority to reduce global warming. We propose total system of tropical peat management comprising peat fire protection, carbon mass estimation, and carbon mass conservation and management. This will ultimately contribute to mitigation and adaptation measures such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD).
c 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd
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