Strength training periodization and performance development of an elite judo athlete during an entire olympic training cycle 1,
B. Ullrich S. R. S. Oliveira J. Stening 1 Olympic training and testing centre of Rheinland-Pfalz/Saarland, Germany; 2 Sports medicine section Diakonie-hospital Bad Kreuznach, Germany 1,
Introduction
Materials & Methods
Judo is a physically demanding sport that requires complex neuromuscular capacities in the upper and lower extremity and furthermore puts high demands on the aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism [1,2]. However, as in most sports, long-term individual data of training periodization and physical performance testing of international elite judo athletes are rarely published.
Due to the lack of individual long-term data of training periodization and performance testing in elite judo athletes this work presents detailed information about strength training periodization and physiological and biomechanical performance testing during an entire olympic training cycle of an adolescent elite athlete. Results of this 4-years single-case study may enhance the understanding of complex physical responses in high performance judo training. Table 1. Training contents and periodization.
Nonspecific strength exercise
Exercise
Min
Max
Snatch
98
396
Clean & Jerk
98
396
Squat
84
420
Intensity Min
Max
Frequency [sessions/week]
Nov 09
June 10
March 11
Sep 11
March 12
Nov 12
velocity at IAS [km/h]
14,0
14,7
16,0
14,2
14,9
15,3
16,2
lactate accumulation at IAS [mmol/l]
3,3
4,3
4,2
4,5
4,9
4,2
4,1
HF at IAS [1/min]
180
163
160
175
166
167
172
Bench press
max. velocity [km/h]
20
22
20
20
20
22
22
Barbell bench pull
VO2 max. [ml/kg min-1]
58
62
56
54
55
56
58
Knee flexion curl
max. lactate accumulation [mmol/l]
12,7
13,6
10,5
14,1
10,6
13,2
11,9
max.HF [1/min] Anthropometrics
195
193
188
200
185
201
203
age [years]
18
18
19
20
20
21
21
body mass [kg]
76,0
77,0
79,0
82,5
81,5
81,1
79,5
height [cm]
179
179
179
179
179
179
179
BMI [kg/m2]
23,7
24,0
24,9
25,7
25,4
25,3
24,8
fat free mass [kg]
63,4
64,7
65,4
65,1
59,9
61,3
muscle mass [kg]
43,5
44,9
45,1
46,6
48,2
44,2
fat mass [kg]
13,6
14,6
17,1
15,9
15,9
18,6
Barbell elbow curl
120
800
50 90 [% 1 RM] [% 1 RM]
50 90 [% 1 RM] [% 1 RM]
3
2
High pulley triceps extension
Endurance
running
30 min.
variable technical and tactical issues and competition 60 min. simulation
60 min.
150 180 [HF/min.] [HF/min.]
150 200 120 min. [HF/min.] [HF/min.]
1 to 3
7 to 12
Graph 1. 1 RM-development of 5 different strength exercises.
Table 2. Development of endurance capacity and anthropometrics. March 09
Lat pull down
Judo
Results & Discussion
Training contents and periodization: Based on a regular macrocycle quaterly periodization the nonspecific strength and endurance training and the judo-specific training of a male adolescent elite judo athlete was monitored during the Olympic cycle of 2009-2012 (Tab. 1). Training volumes, intensities and weekly frequencies are presented in Table 1. Training volume of strength exercises was quantified as described by Stone et al. (1982). Nonspecific endurance training was restricted to running at intensities of 150-180 beats/min. (Tab. 1). Judo specific training included technical and tactical issues and competition simulation with durations between 3-8 min. (Tab. 1). Athletic performance testing: Nonspecific endurance capacity was studied at 7 testing occasions throughout the Olympic cycle using an incremental laboratory treadmill running test (start: 8km/h, step-length: 3 min., increment: 2,0 km/h) including VO2-kinetics and lactate accumulation. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was also conducted at these testing days (Tab. 2). According to the methods of Thomas et al. (2007), 1 RM-testing of 5 different exercises was performed at 7 different testing occasions (Graph 1). Using an isokinetic dynamometer isometric MVC of the knee extensors and flexors and the shoulder internal and external rotators were assessed at 8 and 9 testing occasions, respectively (Graph 2).
Objectives
Volume
2
Incremental treadmill running test
athletic success
1 st. Jr. WC
5 th EC
Graph 2. Development of isometric MVC of knee extensors and flexors and shoulder internal and external rotators.
Conclusions 1. The used testing approaches allowed sufficient control of individual athletic development of an elite judo athlete 2. Systematic strength increases occurred for all tested muscle groups and strength exercises throughout the Olympic cycle 3. Individual high endurance capacity remained stable throughout the Olympic cycle without high volume of specific endurance training and was not influenced negatively by profound strength development contact:
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