The manner in which these growth regulators function is not understood, although it is known that ..... contiguous [J-3-linked glucosyl residues in the barley endosperm j3-glucans were not ...... Smith, M. M., Hartley, R. D. 1983. Carbohydr. Res.
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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE PRIMARY CELL
Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1984.53:625-663. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by University of Edinburgh on 05/24/16. For personal use only.
WALLS OF PLANTS 1 M ichael M cN eil, A lan G. Darv ill, Stephen C. Fry,2 and Peter A lbe rshe im Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309
CONTENTS
PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARy..............................................................................................................
PRIMARY CELL WALLS AND THEIR FUNCTION IN PLANTS ....... .... ... .......... ...... .......... ...................
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1 Abbreviations and conventions used: AceA, aceric acid (3-C-carboxy-5-deoxy-L-xylose); Api, apiose; Ara, arabinose; Fuc, fucose; Gal, galactose; GalVA, galacturonic acid; Glc, glucose; GlcA, glucuronic acid; Rha, rhamnose; Xyl, xylose; PGA lyase, endo-IX-I,4polygalacturonic acid lyase; and PIIF, Proteinase Inhibitor Inducing Factor. All glycosyl residues are in the pyranoid ring form unless the furanoid form is indicated, e.g. Ara! Standard D and L notations are used when the absolute configuration of a particular glycosyl residue has been experimentally determined. When the absolute configuration has not been experiment ally determined, we omit the D or L notation, although in all cases studied the glycosyl residues Gal, Glc, Xyl, GalA, and GlcA have been found in the D configuration, and the glycosyl residues Fuc, Ara, and Rha in the L configuration. We use in this review a simplified linkage notation. All glycosyl residues (except the residue at the reducing end of an oligosaccharide, which is called a glycose residue) are glycosidically linked at C-l. This fact is assumed in the notation used, and, thus, C-\ is not mentioned. For example, a glycosyl residue designated as "terminal" (T) is glycosidically linked to another glycosyl or glycose residue only through C-J and contains no glycosyl residues linked to it. A glycosyl residue designated as 2-linked is glycosidicaUy linked to another glycosyl or glycose residue through C-J and has another glycosyl residue linked to it at 0-2. A glycosyl residue designated as 3,6-linked is glycosidically linked to another sugar through C-l and has glycosyl residues linked to it at 0-3 and 0-6; therefore, such a residue represents a branch point in a complex carbohydrate. The linkage from C - l is also assumed in the notation for oligosac charides. Thus, L-Fuc � 2 D-Gal is a disaccharide in which an L-fucosyl residue is attached by an ()(-glycosidic bond from its C-l to 0-2 of a D-galactose residue. 2 Present address: Department of Bot
