Mar 18, 2008 - Superconducting Integrated. Spectrometer for TELIS. Valery Koshelets, Vladimir Borisov, Pavel Dmitriev,. Andrey Ermakov, Lyudmila ...
Superconducting Integrated Spectrometer for TELIS Valery Koshelets, Vladimir Borisov, Pavel Dmitriev, Andrey Ermakov, Lyudmila Filippenko, Andrey Khudchenko, Nickolay Kinev, Oleg Kiselev, Alexander Sobolev, and Mikhail Torgashin Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IREE), Moscow, Russia
Pavel Yagoubov, Ruud Hoogeveen, Gert de Lange, and Wolfgang Wild SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, the Netherlands
The work was supported by the RFBR projects 06-02-17206, ISTC project # 3174, NATO SfP Grant 981415, and the President Grant for Scientific School 5408.2008.2 April 4, 2008; Bjorkliden
Superconducting Integrated Spectrometer for TELIS
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Superconducting Integrated Spectrometer for TELIS Outline • • • • • • •
Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) Flux Flow Oscillator (FFO) for the SIR TErahertz LImb Sounder (TELIS) project TELIS SIR channel design SIR channel performance Future SIR applications Conclusion April 4, 2008; Bjorkliden
Superconducting Integrated Spectrometer for TELIS
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Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) with phase-locked FFO 4 K dewar SIR chip
HEMT 4-8 GHz
SIS mixer Harmonic mixer
IF Processor & DAC
FFO as LO 550-650 GHz 20 GHz reference
Computer controlled data acquisition system
HEMT
PLL
4 GHz
Electronics FFO, SIS, HM control
LSU
400 MHz reference 3
Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) STATE OF THE ART (2002) • • • •
Single chip Nb-AlOx-Nb SIS receivers with superconducting FFO have been studied at frequencies from 100 to 700 GHz; A DSB receiver noise temperature as low as 90 K has been achieved at 500 GHz; 9-pixel Imaging Array Receiver has been successfully tested; FFO Phase Locking (PLL) up to 700 GHz.
APPLICATIONS
• Airborne Receiver for Atmospheric • •
Research and Environmental Monitoring; Radio Astronomy Focal Plane Array Receivers; Laboratory submm wave Spectrometers. 4
Quality of the AlOx and AlN tunnel barriers on the current density 2
Rn*S, Ω*µ 200
2
20
40 35 30
Rj/Rn
25 20 15
Nb-AlOx-Nb Nb-AlN-Nb Nb-AlN-NbN
10 5 0 1
10
100 2
Jc, kA/cm
5
Flux Flow Oscillator based on Long Josephson Junction Bias current IB
Control line current ICL
Radiation
6
Nb-AlN-NbN FFO for SIR; new features 400 GHz
700 GHz
JSC, VB = Vg/3
7
Nb-AlN-NbN SIS pumped by FFO; FFO frequency tuning HD13-09#26 (Vg=3.7mV, Rn=21 Ohm) 300
SIS Current (mkA)
250 200 150 FFO Frequency: 0 GHz 400 GHz 500 GHz 600 GHz 700 GHz
100 50 0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SIS Voltage (mV) 8
Nb-AlN-NbN SIS pumped by FFO; FFO power tuning (f = 500 GHz)
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FFO Spectrum
-10 -15
Experimental Data Symmeterizated Data Lorentzian Gaussian
FFO Power (dBm)
-20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 431,56
431,58
431,60
431,62
FFO Frequency (GHz)
431,64
10
Frequency dependence of the FFO: Nb-AlOx-Nb and Nb-AlN-NbN circuits
FFO Linewidth (MHz)
20
Nb-AlN-NbN Nb-AlOx-Nb
15
10
5
0 350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
FFO Frequency (GHz) 11
750
SIR for TELIS – remote operation on the Fiske steps
FFO frequency of about 500 GHz 12
FFO linewidth, Hz
10 8 6 4 2 0
1,030
1,032
1,034
1,036
FFO voltage, mV
Cryogenic Phase Locking Loop System for Flux-Flow Oscillator Poster P6-7 by Andrey Ermakov 12
1,038
SIR for TELIS – remote operation: QP vs Josephson
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Frequency and Phase Locked spectra of the Nb-AlN-NbN FFO -20
-30 -35
Phase locked at 605 GHz (SR = 92 %)
Span - 100 MHz
Frequency locked Linewidth = 1.7 MHz
Resolution Bandwidth - 1 MHz
-40 0
-45
-55 -60
Spectrum analyzer Resolution Banwidth RBW = 1 Hz
-20
-50
360
380
400
420
Down-converted FFO Frequency (MHz)
440
Power (dBm)
IF Output Power (dBm)
-25
-40
-60
-80
-100 -50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
Offset from carrier (Hz)
14
40
50
Phase Noise of the PL FFO Absolute FFO phase noise, (n = 20); SR = 96.7% 2 R&S Synthesizer at 22 GHz * n (n = 20) Phase locked FFO, fFFO = 450 GHz (δfaut = 0.5 MHz; SR = 97.7%)) R&S Synthesizer at 22 GHz (Specification)
-30
Phase Noise (dBc/Hz)
-50 -70 -90 -110 -130 -150 10
100
1k
10k
100k
Offset from Carrier (Hz)
1M
10M 15
PL FFO Phase Noise and Spectral Ratio RMS Phase Noise (τ), fs
100
80
60
250
40
20
0
Experimental Data; TELIS PLL JAP, 102, 063912 (2007) Regulation BW = 10 MHz
1
10
Free-running FFO Linewidth (MHz)
ΩLO = 600 GHz
200 150 100 50 0
Spectral Ratio (% of the PL FFO Power)
Spectral Ratio (% of the PL FFO Power)
300
τT = ω1
LO
50
1 − SR SR
60 70 80 90 Spectral Ratio, %
100
100
80
60
40 FFO Linewidth 1 MHz 3 MHz 10 MHz
20
0
10
100
PLL Regulation Bandwidth (MHz)
16
30
90
25
75
20
60
15 10
,
fFFO = 526 GHz
,
fFFO = 616 GHz
,
fFFO = 706 GHz
5 0
45 30 15
4
6
8
0 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
Spectral Ratio of the PLL FFO (%)
FFO Linewidth (MHz)
Linewidth of free-running FFOs and SR for the PL FFO as a function of FFO width (RnS =30 Ω*µm2)
FFO Width, W (µm) 17
Cryogenic PLL System -20
Free running FFO; LW = 2 MHz Cryo PLL; SR =91 % Regular RT PLL; SR =82 %
-25
For the FFO LW = 10 MHz CryoPLL provides SR = 50 %, while the RT PLL gives only 20 %
-35 -40 -45
Spectral Ratio (% of the PL FFO Power)
IF Power, dBm
-30
-50 -55 -60 -65 350
370
390
410
430
450
100
80
60
40 FFO Linewidth 1 MHz 3 MHz 10 MHz
20
0
10 PLL Regulation Bandwidth (MHz)
Down-Converted FFO Frequency, MHz
Cryogenic Phase Locking Loop System for Flux-Flow Oscillator Poster P7-7 by Andrey Khudchenko 18
100
TELIS - TErahertz LImb Sounder TELIS Objectives: • Measure many species for atmospheric science (ClO, BrO, O3, HCl, HOCl, etc); - Chemistry, Transport, Climate • Serve as a test platform for new sensors • Serve as validation tool for future satellite missions Three independent frequency channels, cryogenic heterodyne receivers: 500 GHz by RAL 500-650 GHz by SRON-IREE 1.8 THz by DLR (PI) 19
Simulated spectra for Ozone and HCl at 625 GHz HCl spectrum, 2 km intervals, total atmosphere to 60 km 250
Signal power (K)
Ozone
200 HCl
150 HCl
100
15 km 25 km 35 km 37 km 39 km 40 km 45 dgrs up
50 0 624.5
625
625.5 frequency (GHz)
626
626.5
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Simulated atmospheric spectra (DSB) at 619 GHz
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TELIS – Instrument Model
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Last pre-flight tests at the DLR (Munich); 18 March 2008
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Schematics of the 550-650 GHz channel optics Telescope primary Liquid helium cryostat 4.2 K
Secondary
Dichroic Tertiary Integrated lens-antenna
Calibration load Window
Polarizer Warm optics
Cold optics
Wire grid polarizer and dichroic plate are used to separate this receiver from the two other frequency channels (not shown). The cold optics and mixer element are located inside the cryostat at the ambient temperature 4.2 K
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Optical schema & photo of the SIR-TELIS channel
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SIR Mixer Block with Shields
26
Photo of the T4m SIR chip
Silicon (Si); 4 x 4 x 0.5 mm3 Nb-AlOx-Nb or Nb-AlN-NbN;
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Internal part of the SIR Microcircuit
Double-slot (dipole) twin SIS – 0.8 µm2
FFO 400*16 µm2
HM – 1.0 µm2
Nb-AlOx-Nb or Nb-AlN-NbN;
Jc = 5 - 10 kA/cm2
Optionally: SIS – Jc = 8 kA/cm2; FFO + HM = 4 kA/cm2 28
TELIS-SIR Main Parameters ##
Description
1 Input frequency range, GHz 2 Minimum noise temperature in the range (DSB), K
Value (Spec) 500 – 650 (550 – 650) 120 (250)
3 Output IF range, GHz 4 Spectral resolution (width of the spectral channel), MHz
4 - 8 (5 - 7) 2017) 12 m cryogenic mirror; λ = 0,01- 20 mm.
Ground-space interferometer
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Conclusion • • •
•
• •
Concept of the Phase-locked SIR is developed and tested. Nb-AlN-NbN FFO and SIR have been successfully implemented. Improved design of the FFO for TELIS has been developed and optimized; free-running linewidth from 1 to 10 MHz recorded in the frequency range 350 – 740 GHz that allows to phase lock from 35 up to 95 % of the FFO power. 3-rd generation of the PL SIR for TELIS has been developed showing a possibility to realize TELIS requirements: Frequency range 500 – 650 ГГц; Noise Temperature < 150 К; IF bandwidth 4 - 8 ГГц; Spectral resolution better 1 МГц; Beam Pattern - FWHM = 3 deg, with sidelobes < - 17 dB. Procedure for remote optimization of the PL SIR operation has been developed and experimentally proven. First TELIS flight is scheduled on May 26, 2008 (Terezina, Brazil). Future space missions are under consideration. 39
