Support for site testing of the European Extremely Large Telescope ...

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Support for site testing of the European Extremely Large Telescope: precipitable water vapour over Paranal "#$%&'( )*%+*%,'- .&/0'%1 .2 34*%*#+- .*&(0'%1 52 6'(47/0&8'- 9%#*::* ;0'/' E&##' b'%'('# L+7*%B':$%D2 @( ' U&%7: 7:*J- P D*'%7 N$%:0 $U 0&H0 %*7$#4:&$( (*'%M@. 7J*/:%' :'8*( N&:0 Z>IMXZKE 0'B* +**( 7:':&7:&/'##D '('#D7*1 :$ %*/$(7:%4/: :0* b5Z 0&7:$%D '+$B* b'%'('#2 I$ :0&7 *(1 ' %'1&':&B* :%'(7U*% F$1*# $U K'%:0c7 ':F$7J0*%* _[I.9=` 1*B*#$J*1 +D @E@E 0'7 +**( 47*12 9 F*1&'( b5Z $U O2W FF &7 U$4(1 U$% b'%'('# +'7*1 $( XZKE 1':' /$B*%&(H :0* J*%&$1 OVVWMOVVP2 "4%:0*%F$%* N* /$(/#41* :0': b'%'('# /'( 7*%B* '7 ' %*U*%*(/* 7&:* U$% C$%:0*%( ;0&#* 14* :$ :0* 7:'+#* ':F$7J0*%&/ /$(1&:&$(7 &( :0* %*H&$(2 I0* F*1&'( $UU7*: +*:N**( b'%'('# '(1 9%F'?$(*7 &7 1*%&B*1 :$ +* V2] FF- +4: #$/'# '%+&:%'%D B'%&':&$(7 $U ' U*N :*(:07 $U ' FF +*:N**( :0* 7&:*7 0'B* +**( U$4(1 +D F*'74%*F*(:2 @( $%1*% :$ +*::*% 4(1*%7:'(1 :0* 7D7:*F':&/7 &(B$#B*1 :N$ 1*1&/':*1 /'FJ'&H(7 N*%* /$(14/:*1 &( 94H47: '(1 C$B*F+*% OVVd2 E*B*%'# F*:0$17 U$% 1*:*%F&(&(H :0* N':*% /$#4F( N*%* *FJ#$D*1- &(/#41&(H %'1&$7$(1* #'4(/0*7- /$(:&(4$47 F*'74%*F*(:7 +D &(U%'%*1 %'1&$F*:*%- '(1 Z>I &(7:%4F*(:7 $J*%':&(H ': B'%&$47 N'B*#*(H:07e ;[email protected] XZKE- Z@E@. '(1 fM70$$:*%2 @( ' U&%7: U$% '7:%$($F&/'# &(7:%4F*(:7 '## F*:0$17 0'B* +**( *B'#4':*1 N&:0 %*7J*/: :$ :0* %'1&$7$(1*7- :0* *7:'+#&70*1 7:'(1'%1 &( ':F$7J0*%&/ %*7*'%/02 9H%**F*(: +*:N**( :0* %'1&$7$(1*7 '(1 :0* @. %'1&$F*:*% _@.=9` &7 *^/*##*(: N0&#* '## $:0*% '7:%$($F&/'# F*:0$17 /$B*%&(H ' N'B*#*(H:0 %'(H* U%$F RVV g OVVVV (F 0'B* '#7$ +**( 74//*77U4##D B'#&1':*1 &( ' h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b5Z ': :0* Z>I '(1 :$ 47* &: '7 '( $J*%':&$('# /$(7:%'&(: :$ H4&1* 7/0*14#&(H $U @. $+7*%B':&$(7 ': b'%'('#2 "$% :0* KMK>I N* U&(1 :0': ' 7:'(1M'#$(* 0&H0 :&F* %*7$#4:&$( b5Z F$(&:$% N&## +* *77*(:&'# U$% $J:&F&?&(H :0* 7/&*(:&U&/ $4:J4:2 Aeywords: J%*/&J&:'+#* N':*% B'J$4%- b5Z- 7&:* :*7:&(H- ':F$7J0*%*- %'1&':&B* :%'(7U*% F$1*#- &(U%'%*1 %'1&$F*:*%%'1&$7$(1*- b'%'('#- K>I

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Paranal IOES GOES MERIS

Median PWO QmmR O2W q V2] O2S q V2Q O2R q V2]

PWO S1 mm Q%R W]2Q S2P W2Q

PWO S 1.5 mm Q%R ]O WP2d R2d

PWO S 2 mm Q%R SR2] ]P Od

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Figure 2: ;$FJ'%&7$( $U b5Z 1':' 1*%&B*1 U%$F XZKE '%/0&B'# 1':' '(1 7':*##&:* 1':' s4(* :$ A*/*F+*% OVVP2

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3. HEHICATEH PWO CAMPAIGFS IN$ 1*1&/':*1 /'FJ'&H(7 :$ F*'74%* b5Z N*%* /$(14/:*1 $( b'%'('# 14%&(H :0* J*%&$17 s4#D ]W7:M94H WV:0 '(1 C$B d:0MOV:0- OVVd2 ['7&/ U'/:7 $U :0* &(7:%4F*(:7 47*1 '%* H&B*( &( :'+#* O- N0&#* ' 7:':&7:&/'# 74FF'%D $U :0* $+7*%B':&$(7 '(1 1':' B$#4F* &7 J%*7*(:*1 &( :'+#* ]2 I0* H$'# N'7 :$ $J*%':* 7*B*%'# &(7:%4F*(:7 &( /$(/*%: &( $%1*% :$ H*: &(1*J*(1*(: F*'74%*F*(:7 $U b5Z $B*% ' 7:':&7:&/'##D %*#*B'(: J*%&$1 $U F$%* :0'( ' N**82 I0* 7/0*14#* $U :0* %'1&$7$(1* #'4(/0*7 N'7 /'%*U4##D '#&H(*1 N&:0 :&F*7 $U GLKE $+7*%B':&$(7 '7 N*## '7 :0* 1'&#D %'1&$7$(1* #'4(/0 ': 9(:$U'H'7:' '&%J$%:2 I0* U4## #'4(/0 7/0*14#* 0'1 +**( '4:0$%&?*1 S N**87 &( '1B'(/* +D :0* ;0&#*'( '&%7J'/* '4:0$%&:D2 "$% *'/0 #'4(/0 7J*/&U&/ J*%F&77&$( N'7 /$(U&%F*1 +D :*#*J0$(* WQ F&( +*U$%* :0* #'4(/02 A*:' $U :0* %'1&$7$(1* /'FJ'&H( '%* 1*7/%&+*1 &( ;0'/$( *: '#WS2 I*/0(&/'# &(U$%F':&$( $( :0* Z>I &(7:%4F*(:7 &7 'B'&#'+#* ': 0::JemmNNN2*7$2$%Hm7/&mU'/&#&:&*7mJ'%'('#m&(7:%4F*(:72 Table 2: E:':&7:&/'# 74FF'%D $U :0* b5Z /'FJ'&H(7 /$(14/:*1 ': b'%'('# '(1 9%F'?$(*7 14%&(H s4#Dm94H '(1 C$B*F+*% OVVd2 Instrument [9;6KE XZKE Z@E@. ;[email protected] @.=9 WW .'1&$7$(1*7 @.=9 WO

Period 94H WMWV:0 s4#D ]W7: g94H P:0 s4#D ]W7: M 94H Wl:0 s4#D Od:0 g 94H WQ:0 s4#D Od:0 g94H WV:0 s4#D OdM 94H WV:0 94H ]%1MP:0

Hata collected oWSV 7J*/:%'- /'1*(/* WQM]V F&( WV2Q 0- oSRQ 7J*/:%' /'1*(/* 4J :$ ]V7 oSV 7J*/:%' oQV 7J*/:%' oWQV 0T /'1*(/* 7*/$(17 O] 74//*77U4# #'4(/0*7 *'/0 oW2Q 0 $U 1':'- J%$U&#* 4J :$ OVMOQ 8F oQV 0 *'/0 $( b'%'('# n 9%F'?$(*7- /'1*(/* 7*/$(17

XZKE Z@E@. ;[email protected] @.=9 WO .'1&$7$(1*7 @.=9 WW

C$B WW:0 MWR:0 C$B WV:0 M OW7: C$B d:0 M OW7: C$B d%1 M OV:0- /$(: C$B d:0 M Wd:0 C$B P:0 M Wd:0

WW 0- oSQV 7J*/:%' /'1*(/* 4J :$ ]V7 oOQ 7J*/:%' olV 7J*/:%' oOVV 0 b'%'('#- /'1*(/* 7*/$(17T #*U: $J*%':&(H Od 74//*77U4# #'4(/0*7 *'/0 oW2Q 0 $U 1':'- J%$U&#* 4J :$ OVMOQ 8F oWOV 0 b'%'('#- PQ 0 $( 9%F'?$(*7 /'1*(/* 7*/

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Table 3e E4FF'%D $U :0* &(7:%4F*(:':&$( 47*1 14%&(H :0* 1*1&/':*1 b5Z /'FJ'&H(7 Instrument

Type

Location

Wavelength coverage

Spectral resolution

Hata product

Comments

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REFEREFCES vWw C'D#$% A292- b0&##&J7 .2.2- A& "%'(/*7/$ s2- [$4%8* I2>2- 34*%*# .2.2- s$(*7 E2;2- OVVP- @(:2 s2 $U @(U%'%*1 '(1 =&##&F*:*% N'B*7AL@ WV2WVVRmOWVRlOMVVPMdSOWMOe @.=9 '7 ' b$:*(:&'# b0'7* ;$%%*/:&$( @(7:%4F*(:e .*74#:7 U%$F :0* E=9 I*7: ;'FJ'&H( vOw KF%&/0 92- 9(1*%77$( E2- 5'((*%+%':: =2-OVVP &( :0* b%$/2 $U :0* Wd:0 @(:2 EDFJ22 $( EJ'/* I6? I*/0($#$HD- G%$(&(H*(- I0* C*:0*%#'(17- 9J%&# OP M ]V- OVVP- JJ2 QOPe 9>=9 WP] G6? 5':*% Z'J$% .'1&$F*:*% v]w I0$F'7ML7&J s2T =/5&##&'F 92- b0&##&J7 =2=2- =$%%*## C2- I0$FJ7$( @2- "$#8*%7 I2- 91'F7 "2;2- >$J*?M=$%'#*7 =2- OVVRb9Eb- WWd- ldRe ;'#&+%':&$( $U :0* .*#':&$(70&J +*:N**( b%*/&J&:'+#* 5':*% Z'J$% '(1 OOQ G6? 9:F$7J0*%&/ LJ'/&:D B&' LJ:&/'# K/0*##* EJ*/:%$7/$JD ': >'7 ;'FJ'('7 L+7*%B':$%D vSw [%'4#: s252- "*(1*% s2E2- 6'## A2C2[2 s$4%('# $U 34'(:&:':&B*2 EJ*/:%$7/$JD2 n .'1&':&$(2 I%'(7U*% WQ- QSd- WdRQe 9+7$%J:&$( ;$*UU&/&*(:7 $U 7*#*/:*1 9:F$7J0*%&/ 5':*% >&(*7 vQw EF*::* 92- 6$%7: 62- C'B'%*::* s2- OVVP- I0* OVVR KEL @(7:%4F*(: ;'#&+%':&$( 5$%870$J- *17 92 )'4U*%- "2 )*%+*%- EJ%&(H*%J2S]]e =*'74%&(H :0* 9F$4(: $U b%*/&J&:'+#* 5':*% Z'J$4% N&:0 Z@E@. vlw 6'(47/0&8 .2- 0::JemmNNN2*7$2$%Hmh/mGKCK.9>mb5Zm6K9>I6m:%*(1x%*J$%:x'F+&*(:xb5Zx6;20:F# vRw EF*::* 92- 0::JemmNNN2*7$2$%Hm7/&mU'/&#&:&*7mJ'%'('#m7/&$J7m;9>@EI9mJNBm1':'20:F# vPw ;0'JF'( @2K2- OVV]- ='7:*%c7 :0*7&7- X(&B*%7&:D $U >*:0+%&1H*e I0* ':F$7J0*%* '+$B* ='4(' )*' ': =&1M&(U%'%*1 N'B*#*(H:07 vdw .$:0F'( >2E2- G$%1$( @2K2- ['%+* 92 *: '#2- s$4%('# $U 34'(:&:':&B*2 EJ*/:%$7/$JD n .'1&':&$(2 I%'(7U*% WWV _OVVd`- Q]]e I0* [email protected] OVVP F$#*/4#'% 1':'+'7* vWVw 34*%*# .2.2- C'D#$% A292- I0$F'7ML7&J s2- b%&*:$ G2- =/5&##&'F 92- OVVP- Eb@K RVWS- RVWSQRe ;$FJ'%&7$( $U J%*/&J&:'+#* N':*% B'J$4% F*'74%*F*(:7 F'1* N&:0 '( LJ:&/'# K/0*##* EJ*/:%$H%'J0 '(1 '( @(U%'%*1 .'1&$F*:*% ': >'7 ;'FJ'('7 L+7*%B':$%D vWWw 34*%*# .2.2- )*%+*% "2- >$ ;4%:$ G2- I0$F'7ML7&J s2K- b%&*:$ G2- ;0'/$( 92- C'D#$% A2 *: '#2- OVWV- Eb@K :0*7* J%$/**1&(H7e E4JJ$%: U$% 7&:* :*7:&(H $U :0* K4%$J*'( K^:%*F*#D >'%H* I*#*7/$J*e J%*/&J&:'+#* N':*% B'J$4% $B*% >' E&##' vWOw 6'(47/0&8 .2- OVVR- 0::JemmNNN2*7$2$%Hmh/m%*J%$XZKEmJ%$/*77&(H20:F# vW]w )4%#'(1/?D8 62- E'%'?&( =2- OVVP- Eb@K lRSQ- lRSQVRe .*F$:* 7*(7&(H $U J%*/&J&:'+#* N':*% B'J$4% '(1 /#$41 /$B*% U$% :0* 7&:* 7*#*/:&$( $U :0* K4%$J*'( *^:%*F#D #'%H* :*#*7/$J* _KMK>I` 47&(H =K.@E vWSw ;0'/$( 92- ;4*B'7 L2- b$?$ A2- *: '#2 OVWV- Eb@K :0*7* J%$/**1&(H7e E4JJ$%: U$% 7&:* :*7:&(H $U :0* K4%$J*'( K^:%*F*#D >'%H* I*#*7/$J*e J%*/&J&:'+#* N':*% B'J$4% $B*% >' E&##' vWQw E/0(*&1*% =2- .$F*%$ b2=2- 6'7* "2- *: '#2 OVWV- 9:F$72 =*'72 I*/02 ]- ]O]e ;$(:&(4$47 h4'#&:D '77*77F*(: $U ':F$7J0*%&/ N':*% B'J$4% F*'74%*F*(: :*/0(&h4*7> "[email protected] ;&F*#- =".E.- GbE '(1 Z'&7'#' dO vWlw 5'(H s2- y0'(H >2 A'4 92- B'( 6$B* I2- B'( ['*#*( s2- s2 G*$J0D72 .*72 W- WO- AWWWVRe 9 (*'% H#$+'#- OM0$4%#D 1':'7*: $U ':F$7J0*%&/ J%*/&J&:'+#* N':*% U%$F H%$4(1M+'7*1 GbE F*'74%*F*(:7 vWRw L:u%$#' 92- I%'B$4&##$( I2- E/0z/8 =2- K#7 E2- .&11#* .2- E8&1F$%* 52- A'0# .2- C'D#$% A2- 34*%*# .2- OVWV- b9Eb WOO- SRVe I0&%:D =*:*% I*#*7/$J* E&:* I*7:&(H fe b%*/&J&:'+#* 5':*% Z'J

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