Sustainable water management in Pahang, Malaysia

43 downloads 0 Views 4MB Size Report
Pahang, Malaysia. Mohammad Imam ... Page 15. Land Use Change in Semantan River Basin, 2000-2014 ... Flooding decreased due to dam Critical recent time.
Sustainable water management in Pahang, Malaysia Mohammad Imam Hasan Reza, PhD MSCP Visiting Scholar

Contents Introduction Problem statement Research question Methodology Results/findings Conclusion Policy recommendations

Malaysia

Semantan River Basin

Recreation

Fish & Wildlife

Domestic/municipal

Irrigation

Hydrologic

Thermal /Electric

Industry

 Industries in the upstream areas (Pollution)  Extensive agriculture (river bank erosion, sedimentation)  Development activities (i.e., sand mining)  Raw water transfer tunnel (transferring water to Selangor)

Sand Mining

Riverbank erosion

Resulting turbidity of water

Declining fish stock

RESEARCH QUESTION How can water security be ensured at the community level?

Methods Identifying the Causes of Water Scarcity Rainfall time series data

Land Use Change Spatial Analyses

Community Responses to Ensure Water Security Semi-structured Interview

Observation and Documentation

Identifying Gaps for Sustainable Water Management Review and Content Analysis

Comparison with Global/Regional Initiatives

Findings: Rainfall data Total Rainfall in Temerloh 1985-2014 450

25.00

400 20.00

TOTAL RAINFALL/MM

350 300

15.00

250 200

10.00

150

Data Missing

100

5.00

50 0

0.00 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Min

Source: MetMalaysia

Total

Decrease in water supply is not due to climatic factors

Land Use Change in Semantan River Basin, 2000-2014

Changes in Land Use, Semantan River Basin, 2000-2014 60

40

2000

% used

2010 2014

20

0 Agriculture

Forests

Swamp/wetlands

Cleared land

Land use

Urban & Built up areas

Scrub

Description of water problem (e.g. reduced water quality, flooding, etc.)

Water problem

Water problem

Water problem

Water problem

Water problem

Interesting Remarks

Supply water has odor sometimes, sometimes less force

flooding during the months of Dec- January • Before establishment of dam they experienced flood quite a number of times

Upstream water quality good, but fishes reduced significantly in the recent time Downstream water quality is bad: water is not clear, turbid, decrease in fish proportion, many fishes disappeared

Level of water is becoming low year by year

Decrease in flow current, changes the river ecosystem

• • •

income was very high 10 years ago But now they earn only 1000-1500 per month. During rainy season- it’s hard for him to catch fish

Views: Fishermen Reason of the problem in their opinion

PAIP Management, Change in climate, Kerau Dam, river pollution, sand river management, cutting of mining trees,

Pollution upstream, there is a paper industry and other industries effluents, sand mining in the downstream

Sand mining, dam

--



nearby dam helped a lot to avoid flood.

Source of water

Pahang River

Semantan River

Semantan River

Semantan River

Semantan River



Once they used the Semantan river water directly for their household use even they drink, but last 10-15 years rapidly changes to dirty water

Population affected

Households, farmers

All

General people, fisherman, farmers

Farmers, fishermen

Economy

Change in water problem over time?

Having little problem

Flooding decreased due to dam

Critical recent time

Last five years severe

Last 10 years

Challenges faced by community (i) Lack of environmental awareness at all levels (community, state and federal) (ii) Fragmented land use and water planning + poor implementation (iii) Lack of community participation

Good Practices A structured and disciplined local leadership have been observed which can be used for the betterment of the society  Community/local people have good preparation and are ready to adapt with the changes and extreme situation

Conclusion and Recommendations  Lack of understanding of the value of wetlands and ecosystems  Lack of balanced and sustainable land use planning disrupting the quality and quantity of water  Poor water management practices are the main cause of hindering the water security  It is important to educate local communities (awareness building) on the value of wetlands and ecosystems to protect water pollution and preserving the environment  Need to increase stakeholder participation in policymaking and implementation  National policy should give priority to protect natural systems for sustainable water management

Thank You