symbols, abbreviations and units - European Respiratory Journal

Copyright ©ERS Journals Ltd 1993 European Respiratory Journal ISBN: 87-16-15024-4

Eur Respir J, 1993,6, Suppl. 16,85-100 Printed in UK- all rights reserved

SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND UNITS WORKING PARTY STANDARDIZATION OF LUNG FUNCTION TESTS EUROPEAN COMMUNITY FOR STEEL AND COAL Ph. H. Quanjer, G.J. Tammeling, J.E. Cotes, L.M. Fabbri, H. Matthys, O.F. Pedersen, R. Peslin, J. Roca, P~J. Sterk, W.T. Ulmer, J.-C. Yernault

1

INTRODUCTION

The recommendations in this 1993 update do not differ materially from those in the previous report of the EUROPEAN CoMMUNTIY R:JR STEEL AND CoAL [1]. However, the list of abbreviations has been extended with respect to the items covered; in addition the European Community has expanded since the previous report, and the ' report has accordingly been updated to cover the languages spoken in each of the member states.

2

SYMBOLS

2.1

Symbols for quantities

2.2

Symbols for SI and non-SI units are roman lower case letters, unless the name of the unit is derived from a proper name, in which case it consists of a capital roman letter (except ohm, Q), or a capital roman and a lower case letter. Prefixes are used to modify symbols for units and are single roman capitals or lower case letters (except deca, da). In respiratory physiology and medicine, the SI base units are extended with SI derived units and SI prefixes. Non-SI units which are widely applied in everyday life are retained for general use with the SI.

3 Symbols are used to designate specific quantities, including basic quantities (e.g. volume, time, pressure, amount of chemical substance) and derived quantities (e.g. volume by unit time). Letters from the Latin or Greek alphabet are commonly employed as symbols, either roman type as in the USA or italics as recommended by the EUROPEAN SociETY FOR CLINICAL REsPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY [2] and adopted in the 1983 report of the ECSC. As the number of letters available is limited, inevitably one symbol may be used to designate more than one quantity (e.g. concentration of chemical substance and compliance). Symbols for quantities may be specified by one or more subscripts and/or prescripts (abbreviations) and/or modifying signs (dashes, dots, primes), e.g. ~V 50 • Subscripts other than numbers are printed in roman small capitals or lower case letters. The order of specification is location (where), time (when), condition or quality (what, how). Specifications are printed either in line with the primary symbol or as subscripts. When more than one subscript is used, these are separated by a comma.

The working party is very grateful to Prof. N. Siafakas, Drs. B. Bouros, N. Tzanakis and F. Vlaserou for the translation of the tables into Greek, and to Prof. J.H. Paiva de Carvalho for the translation into Portuguese.

Symbols for units

ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations are employed to facilitate written and spoken communication and are commonly specific to individual languages. However, there is a tendency for many abbreviations to be adopted in the various languages spoken within the European Community; they are also used in mathematical formulae and equations. Such abbreviations have acquired the attributes of symbols. Commonly accepted standard abbreviations for quantities are usually written in one or more capital letters, but there are many exceptions (e.g. Hb, cAMP, eo-A, ATP-ase). The abbreviations can be specified by one or more subscripts and/or modifying signs (dashes, dots, primes). Subscripts are numbers or letters printed in roman small capital or small lower case type, e.g. FEVI.

4 4.1

UNITS SI base units

Name of quantity

Name of unit

Symbol for unit

length mass time electric current thermodynamic temperature of substance luminous intensity

metre kilogramme second ampere kelvin mole candela .

m kg s A K amount mol cd

86

PH.H. QUANJER

Selected SI prefixes

4.2 Factor

Prefix

Symbol

106 1()3 102 lQI

mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli micro nano

M k h

w-•

lQ-2 lQ-3 lQ-.TjVLICcl

Dansk

body surface area: surface corporelle: m2 mZ body temperature, · temp6rature du corps, pression barometric pressure and satu- barometrique, sature en vapeur rated with water vapour under these d'eau dans ces conditions conditions biological unit for unite biologique d'extrait d'allergene: allergen extracts BU·ml·' BU•ml' 1

Korperoberflache: m2 Korper·Temperatur, Druck und 100% Wasserdampf Slittigung

lichaarnsoppervlak: m2 lichaamstemperatuur en druk, verzadigd met waterdamp bij deze omstandigheden

legemsoverflade: mz iegemstemperatur, r4dende barometertryk og mrettet vanddamp

area della superficie corporea: m2 temperatura corporea pressione barometrica ambientale in condizioni di saturazione di vapore acqueo biologische Einheit: biologische eenbiologisk enhed for unita biologiche di heid voor allergeen- allergenekstrakter: estratti allergenici BU·mi· 1 extracten: BU·mi· 1 BU·ml"' BU·ml"'

aerea corporal: m2

area de superf!cie corporal: m2 temperatura corporal, temperatilra corporal, presi6n barometrica pressiio barometrica, y saturaci6n de vapor em condictoes de de agua en estas satura91io de vapor condiciones de ~gua

EJl~aMv utl.!j)(1V£1.(1S adlJ1ato;: rrt 6tp)1o1Cpama od>J,Imo; ~apoJ.IE'tpucfl n:LtO'T( ICQL 1COpE0')16c; !1! u()pa· •110vs on; n:apanavw O'UVEh'jiCES

unidad biol6gica para unidade biol6gica para extractos alergenicos: extractos alergenicos: BU·ml·' BU·ml" 1

~LOALYLKll )10VMa yLa EICxUAL0')1a a)...).,tpyLoy6vwv: BUmJ·'

cardiac cardiaque pulmonary capillary capillaire pulmonaire end -capillary a la fin du capillaire pulmonary pulmonaire compliance: l·kPa·1 compliance: l·kPa· 1

kardial LWlgenkapilaren

cardiaal hjerte pulmonaal capillair lungekapillrer

card!aco capilar pulmonar

card!aco capilar pulmonar

x:ap()Lax:6; 1tvEUJlOVL1C6 'tpLX,OEL6£;

LWlgenendkapilaren

eind-capillair in de ved distale ende af alia fme del capillare fmal del capilar longcirculatie IWlgekapillrer polmonare pulmonar

no extremo do capilar pulmonar

'tEALIC6 'tPLXOELMS 'tOU ltvEV!lOVa

molar concentration of component i: rnmoH 1 volumic (specific) compliance of the lung: kPa·1 closing capacity: I

compliancia: /·kPa"l, ~"' "compliance"; distensibilidade: l·kPa· 1 concentrazione concentraci6n molar concentratriio molar do molare del compodel componente i: componente i: rnmoJ./· 1 nente i: mmoJ./' 1 rnmoJ./' 1 compliance compliancia espec!fica "co!Jl,Pliance" espedfica polmonare specifica: del pulm6n: kPa· 1 d!rpulmiio: kPa· 1 .,I kPa·• capacita di chiusura: I capacidad de cierre: I capacidade de encerramento: I capacita di chiusura capacidad de cierre ,,dapacidade de encerraespressa in percenexpresado como _,.· menta em percentagem tuale della capacita porcentaje de la deTLC polmonare totale capacidad pulinonar (CC%CPT) total circadiano

circadiano

circadiano

hjertets minutvolumen: /·min· 1 Q') chronische obstruc- kronisk obstruktiv tieve longziekten lungelidelse

portata cardiaca: l·min·1 (vedere anche Q') broncopneurnopatia cronica ostruttiva

debito cardfaco: l·min· 1 (ver tambien Q') enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr6nica

debito cardfaco: l·min· 1 (ver tambem Q')

afsluitvolume: I

volume di chiusura: I volumen de cierre: I

cd

circadian

circadien

Tagesrhythmus

circadisch

c.o.

cardiac output: l·min· 1 (see also Q') chronic obstructive lung disease

debit cardiaque: l·min· 1 (voyez aussi Q' ) maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique volume de fermeture: I

Herzzeitvolumen: l·min· 1 (siehe auch Q') chronisch obstrukti ve Lungenkrartkheit Verschluss volumen: I

hartdebiet: l·min·1 (zie ook Q')

closing volume: I

cardiaco capillare polmonare

Compliance: /·kPa·• compliantie: l·kPa· 1 compliance ("eftergivelighed"): l·kPa· 1 concentration mol- Molare Konzenmolaire concenkoncentration af aire·d'Wl composant tration der Kompo· tratie van stof i: komponent i: rnmoJ./· 1 i: mmoF/" 1 nente i: rnmol·l· 1 rnmoJ./' 1 compliance speci- Volurnische (spe- volurnieke (speci- volumetrisk (spefique du poumon: zifische) Corn· fieke) compliantie ciftk) compliance: kPa·' pliance: kPa· 1 van de long: kPa· 1 kPa·' capacite de ferme- Verschluss afsluitcapaciteit: I lukningskapacitet: I ture: I kapazitlit: I capacit~ de fermeVerschluss afsluitcapaciteit als CC i procent af ture en pourcenkapazitat percentage van de TLC tage de la capacite als Prozent der tota- totale longcapaciteit pulmonaire totale !en Lungenkapazitiit

closing capacity as a percentage of the total lung capacity

CV

Espanol

Nederlands

Fran9ais

CC%TLC

COPD

Italiano

Deutsch

English BSA

00 00

Description - Quantity - Unit

Abbreviation Symbol

dipgn

lukningsvolumen: I

compliance: !·kPa·'

doentra pulmonar obstrutiva cr6nica volume de encerramenta: I

EVOO'tLICUtTJ'ta: /·kPa· 1 OU"flCE'V'tp
mmol·min· 1·kPa· 1 6utl..aotao~&;

66oewv oxtCITJ 6LaxuCITJ9 O.L~at(I)CIT)~:

V>

mmoH 1·kPa·'

3: t:1)

dose relative

ava)..oy(a MCIT)~

~

espa9o morto diafragma ajuzante dinamico

vE!Cp6~ xo)p~

> talla en posici6n de pi,e (estatura): m (ver tambienL) hemoglobiila: g, mmol

aitura (em pe), estatura: m (ver tambemL) hemoglobina: g, mmol

equivalente histamfnico de la prueba de Prick; unidad para extractos alergenicos: 1 HEP = 1000 BU

«histamine equivalent prick test>> (unidade para extractos alergenicos: 1 HEP = 1000 BU

inspiratorisch Tragheit (Inertance): kPa·l· 1·s 2 intrazellular intramuskular

inspiratoir inertantie: kPa·l· 1·s2 intracellulair intramusculair

inspiratorio inertancia: kPa·/' 1·s 2

inspirat6rio inercia: kPa·l·'·s2

intracelular intramuscular

intracelular intramuscular

d'allerg~ne:

1 HEP = 1000 BU inspiratoire inertance kPa·l·'·s2 intracellulaire intramuscu1aire

gas conduttanza: /·s: 1·kPa·1 conduttanza specifica della vie aeree: s·'·kPa·'

inspiratorisk inertans: kPa·l·'·s 2 intracellulrer intramuskulrer

inspiratodo inenia: kPa·/· 1·s2 intracellulare intramuscolare

atpLo ay:'

ti1

§ 0

z

(I)

> z 0

~

(I)

debito sanguineo medio pol1 CX(IJ.a.to~ ~ 7tpoc; (perfusao): l·min·' 'tO IJ.~O"O XPclVO (Q permitido) (~tiJ.d't000'!1): l·min·• (Q: E1tttptm:ta.t) debito cardfaco: l·min·• Ka.pota.lcr( 1ta.poxrf: /·min·• (ver tambem C.O.) (~Mm: E1t(OTI~ C.O) a.vncrta.O'T1 kPa·l''·s

potl~ : '-0 Ll\


Abbreviation Symbol

\0

0\

EMTJVLI(a

English

Fran~ais

Deutsch

Nederlands

Dansk

Italiano

respiratory quotient: dimensionless

quotient respiratoire: sans dimension

respiratorischer Quotient: dimensionslos

respiratorisk kvotient; fraktion:

quoziente respiratorio: cociente respiratorio: privo di dimensione sin dimensiones

quociente respirat6rio: avpa, TJJ.Ilpa, ttoc; 9tp!l00vVQIJ.LIC6.jeblikkeligt gas- flusso istantaneo: flujo instantaneo debito gasoso stroom: l·s· 1 flow (volumenl·s· 1 de gas: l·s· 1 instantdneo: l·s· 1 strcim): l·s·1 '-·,.; ~ maximale expira- maksimal eksspira- flusso istantaneo flujo espiratorio debito expirat6rio Ioire volumestroom: torisk volumenmassimo: l·s· 1 maximo: l•s' 1 maximo: I•S' 1 l·s· 1 (zie ook (MEF) strclm: l·s· 1 (vedere anche MEF) (ver tambien MEF) (ver tambem MEF) (se ogs;l. MEF) MEF wanneer nog V' mox i det cl>.jeblik flusso massimo espi- MEF cuando el x% MEF quando falta x% van de FVC of x% afFVC eller ratorio a determinati de la FVC o TLC aun exrr,ltr x% de FVC ou TLC moet worden TLC ikkeer livelli di capacita debe ser espirado: l·s·1 resta nos pulmoes x% ud;l.ndet: l·s·1 (se uitgeademd: l·s· 1 vitale o di capacita (ver tambien MEF,"'vl de TLC: l·s· 1 (ver (zie ook MEF,"'v) ogs;l. MEF,"'vl polmonare totale: l·s· 1 ~bem MEF,~v) (vedere anche MEF,"'v) .,./"

cpAE~LIC6c;

verschil in V' mox tussen twee condities wanneer nog x% van de FVC of TLC (te specificeren) moet worden uitgeademd: l·s· 1 (zie

lhacpopci 'tT]c; MEF 11£'ta;-u 6-Uo O'TJ 11£ CoJv 6'tav x% 'tTJ
'Cl 'Cl

(1

Qi

-


Abbreviation Symbol

0 0

English

Franyais

Deutsch

Nederlands

Dansk

Italiano

Espafiol

Portugues

surface tension: N·m·' reaction rate coefficient of haemoglobin for componenti: mmol·min·'·kPa· 1·1·1

tension superficielle: N,m·' coefficient de reaction de l'hemogloglobine pour le compossant i: mmol·min·1·kPa· 1·1·1

Oberfli!.chenspannung: N·m·' Reaktionsgeschwindigkeits-Koeffizient der roten Zellen filr Komponente i: mmol·min· 1·kPa·1·/·1

oppervlaktespanning:N·m·' reactieverhoudingscoefficient van hemoglobine voor stof i: mmol·min· 1·kPa·1·1' 1

overfladespa:nding:N·m·' ha:moglobins reaktionshastighedskoefficient for komponenti: mmol·min· 1·kPa· 1·1· 1

tensione superficiale: N·m·' lasso di reazione del!'emoglobina per la componente i: mmol·min·1·kPa·1·1· 1

tensi6n superficial: N·m·' coeficiente de reaci6n de la hemoglobina para el componente i: mmol·min·' ·kPa·'·l·'

tensao superficial: N·m·' coeficiente de reacyao da hemoglobina para o componente i: mmol·min·' ·kPa·'·l·'

tnupavt~aK11

'taOT):

N·m·• O\lV't£MO"d)~

O'Ovbt-

01')~ -n,~ m!lOOq>0-4)(

VTJ~ !lE

TrJV ouoCa i: mmol·min· 1·kPa·•·t 1

Examples of notations PA.Ol

P.,.. pl..O,vi1

p(A·•),C02

cl..dyn

M'tlr Q'lh.on

alveolar oxygen partial pressure

pression alveolaire alveoliirer Sauerd'oxyg~ne stoffdruck

alveolaire (partiele) alveola:rt oxygenzuurstofdruk tryk

Oesophagusdruck oesofageale druk pression oesophagienne viskoser Lungen- visceuze druk in pression frictionnelle du tissu gewebedruck het longweefsel pulmonaire difference de alveolar-arterial alveoli!.r-arterielle alveolair-arterieel Druckdifferenz filr drukverschil voor pressure difference pression alveolocapillaire pour CO2 eo. for C02 eo. dynamic compliance dynamische dynarnische Lungencompliance compliantie van compliance of the puln)onaire dynamique de long lung change of the changement de Bronchialdruckbronchiale drukverandering bronchial pressure pression bronchique schwankung anatomical shunt shunt sanguin Blutfluss durch anatomische shunt anatomique anatomischen Shunt bloedstroom blood flow

oesophageal pressure frictional pressure in the lung tissue

~o~epuc'lj' nCtOT)

pressione parziale presi6n alveolar de di ossigeno alveolare oxfgeno

pressao parcial alveolar do oxigenio

oesofagustryk

pressione esofagea

pressao esofagica

frik.tionsbetinget tryk i lungeparenkymet alveolo-arteriel tryk-differens for

pressione conseguente presi6n de f'ricci6n pressao f'riccional do alle resistenze viscose en el tejido pulmonar tecido pulmonar del tessuto polmonare differenza alveolodiferencia alveolodiferen~a alveolocapillare di pressione arterial de presi6n ,._;- -~erial de eo. parziale di CO2 parcial de eo. compliance dinamica compliancia dinlimica "compliance" dinamica delpolmone delpulm6n dopulmao

nCtOT) 'tp~~f]~ O'tOV

'tLIC6't1'l'ta 'tO\! 7tVEl.flolOVQ

c ~ .....

variazione della pressione bronchiale flusso ematico dello shunt anatomico

I-IE'ta~Af1 Trl~

:>:l

eo. lungemes dynarniske compliance a:ndring af bronkietryk blods~ gennem anatomisk shunt

presi6n esofagica

cambio de presi6n variayao da pressilo bronquial br~uica cortocircuito sangufneo "s!\unt" anat6mico anat6mico sangufneo

lru1j!tAt.bLKOl5 osvy6vou OI.OOq>O.YLIC~ n(EOT)

1tVE\JiolOV~K6 ~6

K"''>tAt.bo-apnJpLaKl] bLaqx>pa nCtOT)c; y~ 'tO C02 buva~o~LKTj'

evoo-

13po"fX~KTj'