Syntax and Semantics of HIT Expressions in Marathi

Noun-Verb Complex Predication in Marathi: A Case of HIT Expressions Aaditya Kulkarni Department of Linguistics Deccan College, Pune. [email protected]

Overview I • What are HIT expressions

1) hat̪-paj marɳe hand-feet hit to try

2) pəise marɳe money hit steal money • Terminology

Overview II • Framework

- Hook and Pardeshi (2009) - Hook (2011) • Methodology - Data Collection • Scope - Applicability of the framework

Compositionality and Idiomaticity of HIT Expressions • Two way distinction between V and VP idioms 3) V idioms VP idiom məipʰəl marɳe maʃa marɳe hit a concert hit/kill flies win a concert to do nothing

• Some expressions compositional in nature 4) ʈʰar marɳe – (lit. complete/absolute hit) to kill • Expressions that belong to two classes 5) kaʈ marɳe - to rub/erase (V idiom), to cancel (VP idiom) ʃikka marɳe – to stamp (V idiom), to confirm (VP idiom) • Better representation as a cline from compositional to fully idiomatic • Compositional expressions  V idioms  VP idioms

Sense Based Classification • Identification of different senses expressed by HIT Expressions: an important feature of such constructions • Most prominent senses of HIT Expressions identified to hit to press to raid to win to sting to rob/steal to suffer to apply to shout/cry to show off • Numerous other senses also present; often represented by a single corresponding expression

Valency alternation and Lexical Diathesis I Transparent unintrasitives 6) tj a-ne

kintsaɭi

3.SG.M-ERG scream.F 7) to kintsaɭə-l-a 3.SG.M scream-PRF-3.SG.M He screamed. Opaque unintrasitives 8) tj a-ne məidan 3.SG.M-ERG ground.N 9) to dʒiŋk-l-a 3.SG.M win-PRF-3.SG.M He won.

mar-l-i hit-PRF-F

mar-l-e hit-PRF-N

HIT Expressions more transitive than their simplex counterparts.

Valency alternation and Lexical Diathesis II Opaque untransitives

10) pawsa-ne

dəɖi

Rain-ERG concealment.F 11) paus gajab zʰa-l-a Rain.M disappear be-PRF-M Rain disappeared. Transparent untransitives 12) mi nokri-vər lat ʰ 1.SG job-LOC kick.F 13) mi nokri lat ʰaɖ-l-i 1.SG job.F kick-PRF-F I left the job.

mar-l-i hit-PRF-F

mar-l-i hit-PRF-F

Summary • Around 140 HIT Expressions identified

• Compositionality and idiomaticity of these expressions examined • Different senses identified • Transitivity alternation examined and classification done accordingly • Framework developed by Hook and Pardeshi helpful; can be extended to other NV expressions as well • Insights from some other studies also taken wherever necessary

References • Family, N. 2006. 'Explorations of Semantic Space: The Case of Light Verb Constructions in Persian.' Unpublished doctoral dissertation. France. • Hook, P. 2011. ‘Eat-Expressions in Hindi-Urdu.’ In Indian Linguistics 72: 1-25. • Hook, P. And Pardeshi, P. 2010 'A taxonomy of Eat expressions in Marathi.' In Annual Review of South Asian Languages and Linguistics. 2009. (Rajendra Singh, Editor). Berlin: Mouton. 41-63. • Kulkarni, A. 2017. Syntax and Semantics of HIT-Expressions in Marathi. (Unpublished Master’s dissertation). Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute. • Molesworth, J. ‘A Dictionary, Marathi and English.’ Extracted from http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/molesworth/