Table 1: Principal IR Absorptions for Certain Functional Groups

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Table 1: Principal IR Absorptions for Certain Functional Groups

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Table 1: Principal IR Absorptions for Certain Functional Groups. Functional Group Names. &. Example compounds. Absorption Ranges(cm. -1. ) [Look for a ...

Table 1: Principal IR Absorptions for Certain Functional Groups Functional Group Names & Example compounds

Absorption Ranges(cm-1)

3000-2800

Alkanes: H

H

(Note: The absorptions can be seen as several distinct peaks in this region.)

H

C

Methane

H

Alkenes: H

C

1-Propene

3100-3000

C=C-H Asymmetric Stretch

1675-1600

C-C=C Symmetric Stretch

HC

C

CH3

2200-2100

Propyne

Aromatic Rings:

3100-3000

H C C

C C

C C

H Benzene

1500-1450

Phenols & Alcohols:

3600-3100

H

H

C

C C

C

C C

H

OH

H C

H

Methanol (Alcohol)

Carboxylic Acids:

H

(Note: Phenols MUST have Aromatic Ring Absorptions too.)

3400-2400 (This peak always covers the entire region with a VERY BROAD peak.)

O

C

H Stretch

C Stretch

C=C-H Asymmetric Stretch C-C=C Symmetric Stretch C-C=C Asymmetric Stretch Hydrogen-bonded O-H Stretch

OH

H

H Phenol

C

1600-1580

H

H

H

C

3300-3200

Alkynes:

H

H-C-H Asymmetric & Symmetric Stretch H-C-H Bend

H

H

causing IR absorption

1500-1440

H H3C

Type of Vibration

[Look for a single absorption in these regions, unless stated otherwise.]

Formic Acid

OH

(This peak usually appears much broader than the other IR absorptions.

Hydrogen-bonded O-H Stretch [Note: This peak can obscure other peaks in this region.]

1730-1650

C=O Stretch

1750-1625

C=O Stretch

1750-1625 2850-2800

C=O Stretch C-H Stretch off C=O

2750-2700

C-H Stretch off C=O

Ketones: O H3C

C

Acetone

CH3

Aldehydes: O H3C

C

Ethanal

H

Table 1: Principal IR Absorptions for Certain Functional Groups Functional Group Names & Example compounds

Esters: O H

C

CH3

O

Methyl Formate

Absorption Ranges(cm-1) [Look for a single absorption in these regions, unless stated otherwise.]

Type of Vibration causing IR absorption

1755-1650

C=O Stretch

(1300-1000)

(C-O Stretch)

(1300-1000)

(C-O Stretch)

Ethers: Diethyl Ether (aka-Ethyl Ether)

O

Amines—Primary: H

N

Ethylamine

3500-3100 (TWO PEAKS!) 1640-1560

H

Amines—Secondary: CH3

N

3500-3100 (ONE PEAK!)

N-H Stretch N-H Bend N-H Stretch

N-Methylethylamine

H

1550-1450

N-H Bend

2300-2200

C N Stretch

1600-1500

N=O Stretch

1400-1300

N=O Bend

3500-3100

N-H Stretch (similar to amines)

1670-1600

C=O Stretch

1640-1550

N-H Bend

Nitriles: H C

H

C N

Methanenitrile

H

Nitro Groups: O +

H3C

N

Nitromethane

O

(Note: Both peaks are