Eric Williams, Nikhil Krishnan, and Sarah Boyd. 8. Energy Resources and Use:
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Contents
Contributor List Foreword by Herman E. Daly
page xi xv
Foreword by Jan Szargut
xvii
Preface
xxi
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Bhavik R. Bakshi, Timothy G. Gutowski, and Duˇsan P. Sekuli´c PART I. FOUNDATIONS
1. Thermodynamics: Generalized Available Energy and Availability or Exergy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Elias P. Gyftopoulos 2. Energy and Exergy: Does One Need Both Concepts for a Study of Resources Use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Duˇsan P. Sekuli´c 3. Accounting for Resource Use by Thermodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Bhavik R. Bakshi, Anil Baral, and Jorge L. Hau PART II. PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES
4. Materials Separation and Recycling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Timothy G. Gutowski 5. An Entropy-Based Metric for a Transformational Technology Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Duˇsan P. Sekuli´c 6. Thermodynamic Analysis of Resources Used in Manufacturing Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Timothy G. Gutowski and Duˇsan P. Sekuli´c vii
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viii
Contents
7. Ultrapurity and Energy Use: Case Study of Semiconductor Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 Eric Williams, Nikhil Krishnan, and Sarah Boyd 8. Energy Resources and Use: The Present Situation, Possible Sustainable Paths to the Future, and the Thermodynamic Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Noam Lior PART III. LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENTS AND METRICS
9. Using Thermodynamics and Statistics to Improve the Quality of Life-Cycle Inventory Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Bhavik R. Bakshi, Hangjoon Kim, and Prem K. Goel 10. Developing Sustainable Technology: Metrics From Thermodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 Geert Van der Vorst, Jo Dewulf, and Herman Van Langenhove 11. Entropy Production and Resource Consumption in Life-Cycle Assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 ¨ Stefan Goßling-Reisemann 12. Exergy and Material Flow in Industrial and Ecological Systems . . . . . 292 Nandan U. Ukidwe and Bhavik R. Bakshi 13. Synthesis of Material Flow Analysis and Input–Output Analysis . . . . . 334 Shinichiro Nakamura PART IV. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS, SOCIAL SYSTEMS, INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS, AND ECOSYSTEMS
14. Early Development of Input–Output Analysis of Energy and Ecologic Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Bruce Hannon 15. Exergoeconomics and Exergoenvironmental Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 377 George Tsatsaronis 16. Entropy, Economics, and Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Matthias Ruth 17. Integration and Segregation in a Population – a Thermodynamicist’s View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 ¨ Ingo Muller 18. Exergy Use in Ecosystem Analysis: Background and Challenges . . . . 453 Roberto Pastres and Brian D. Fath
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Contents
ix
19. Thoughts on the Application of Thermodynamics to the Development of Sustainability Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477 Timothy G. Gutowski, Duˇsan P. Sekuli´c, and Bhavik R. Bakshi Appendix: Standard Chemical Exergy
489
Index
495
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