Training course content planning and implementation is done by Huang Kuo-Wei. Author of the 2012 .... Ko, C.J., Fan, M.W., Jiang, Y.X., Yu, W.J., Lo, Y.Y., Huang, K.W., Lin, R.S., Cheng, C.C., and Lee, P. F. 2013. ...... Illustrator / Yu-Xuan Jiang.
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
2012 Annual Report
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
Endemic Species Research Institute, C.O.A. Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University Chinese Wild Bird Federation (BirdLife International in Taiwan)
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
2012 Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey Annual Report This report is Taiwan’s third annual breeding bird survey report and contains the results of the 2012 survey and includes 2009-2012 breeding bird population trends. Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey, abbreviated BBS Taiwan, is Taiwan’s most comprehensive bird survey and is undertaken by the Council of Agriculture’s Endemic Species Research Institute (ESRI), Chinese Wild Bird Federation (CWBF), and National Taiwan University’s Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (IEEB, NTU), which through joint partnership promote various citizen science programs. BBS Taiwan is also an important partner in the National Taiwan Bird Report Project. Through the establishment of partnerships coupled with volunteer participation, BBS Taiwan promotes the ongoing monitoring of Taiwan's common breeding birds to determine individual bird species population trends. The data from the national breeding bird survey provides the information needed for scientifically-based conservation of biodiversity.
About the BBS Taiwan team For the 2012 BBS Taiwan survey period, the coordinators for the host partner organizations were Fan Meng-Wen (ESRI), Lin Ruey-Shing (ESRI), Cheng Chien-Chung (CWBF), and Lee Pei-Fen (IEEB, NTU). Jiang Yu-Xuan (ESRI) and Yu Wan-Ju (ESRI) are the current project personnel responsible to both partner coordinators and survey volunteers for adoption of survey sampling plots and distribution of the returned collated and validated data. They are also responsible for art design, digital media production, as well as activities and promotional work items. Lo Ying-Yuan (ESRI) is the editor of the newsletter. Training course content planning and implementation is done by Huang Kuo-Wei. Author of the 2012 Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey Annual Report text and data analysis is by Ko Chie-Jen (IEEB, NTU). Art and graphic design is by Chen Shin-Yi; and design of BBS Taiwan's logo is by Huang Kuo-Wei. The English translation of the 2012 Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey Annual Report is by Mark Wilkie and Alice Liao Meijhih.
Acknowledgements It has taken the support and assistance of many people to make BBS Taiwan the success it has been so far. Our sincere gratitude to the 2012 Training Instructor Group: Sun Ching-Sung, Tsai Mu-Chi, Su Mei-Ru, Lin Dali , Zhāng Shūjī, as well as Cheng Yi-Ru; Promotions team: Ke Jia-Wen, Sung Hsin-Yi, Jhong Yu-Cen, Lin Chen-Wei, Xiāo Sùzhēn, Lín Liànghóng, Lín Jùnhóng, Lín Jùnwěi, Jiāng' Enshào, Lín Ruìzhé, and Chén Měichán. Also our thanks goes to the Council of Agriculture’s Forestry Bureau; National Taiwan University, Research Center for Biodiversity; Yu Wei-Daw, Lin Hui-Shan, Kao Wan-Hsuan, Wu Tsai-Yu, Lien Yu-Yi, Hsieh Chung-Fu, Zhang Tian-You, and Yóu Zhìhán et al. You have through your efforts from the founding of BBS Taiwan made BBS Taiwan the succsess it is today.
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey For the 2012 BBS Taiwan Survey, the most important element was the participation and dedication of our survey members. They are the heroes of BBS Taiwan. An integral part of the basic backbone of BBS Taiwan was the contact person for each partnership unit who behind the scenes quietly did such important work. Throughout the survey, these contact persons provided invaluable assistance and services. We would like to acknowledge their work and respectfully thank them. (Arranged in the following order according strokes in the Mandarin version)
2012 Contact persons in charge of partner organizations: Chinese Wild Bird Federation
Chen Te-Chih
Miaoli Nature Ecology Society
Hóng Wéifēng
Wild Bird Society of Taipei
Chiang Kung-Kuo
Wild Bird Society of Taoyuan
Cài Mùkuān
Wild Bird Society of Taitung
Wáng Kèxiào
Kaohsiung Wild Bird Society
Yáng Yùxiáng
Wild Bird Society of Tainan
Kuo Tung-Huei
Wild Bird Society of Keelung
Li Kèqiáng
Wild Bird Association of Taiwan
Huáng Shūhuá
Wild Bird Society of Yunlin
Chén Xuěqín
Wild Bird Society of I-Lan
Hú Línzhì
Wild Bird Society of Hsinchu
Liú Róngpíng
Wild Bird Society of Hualien
Huáng Jiāfā;Lín Xiāngyún
Wild Bird Society of Chiayi
Yáng Yùkuān
Wild Bird Society of Nantou
Zhōu Baiyòu
Wild Bird Society of Chiayi County
Hé Jiànxūn
Wild Bird Society of Pingtung
Xiāo'Enpèi
Wild Bird Society of Chang Hua
Chéng Xiùlán
2012 survey participants: Ding Tzung-Su, Dīng Chǎngshēng, Fāng Wěi, Fāng Wéixuān, Wáng Lìpíng, Wáng Kèxiào, Wáng Hóukǎi, Wáng Jiànzhì, Wáng Zhènfāng, Wáng Huìlíng, Wáng Yǎling, Wáng Lóng'er, Wáng Lìjú, Jiāng Liàngxián, Jiāng Guómíng, Jiāng Shūtíng, Chi Wen-Jay, Hé Jiànxūn, Yú Hóngbīn, Wu Tsai-Yu, Wú Jùndé, Wú Pèiyí, Wú Zuòzhāng, Wú Shūlián, Wú Zhēnqí, Wú Chánjuān, Wú Yùzhōu, Wú Fēngjìn, Wú Lìyīng, Wú Bǎofèng,
2
Lu Ya-Jung, Sung Hsin-Yi, Sòng Zhèngpú, Sung Po-Hsun, Sòng Jǐnbō, Li Jiālíng, Li Cǎiyàn, Li Héngqiàn, Li Jùnyuán, Li Guójī, Li Huìlíng, Dù Xiùliáng, Wāng Yǔxīn, Wāng Yǔcāng, Chén Jǐnfēng, Xīn Wǎnjìng, Zhuō Xīncén, Zhōu Xiángyù, Zhōu yǎfēn, Zhōu Huìměi, Shàng Lín méi, Lin Dali, Lin Wen-Chi, Lin Ya-Chian, Lín Jiāyǐng, Lín Xìngyú, Lín Zhōngmíng, Lín Xìngxiào, Lín Liànghóng, Lín Xìnxióng,
Lín Yànyú, Lin Chen-Wei, Lín Zhé'ān, Lín Méixiāng, Lín Shūzhēn, Lín Shūguì, Lín Juéjuàn, Lín Cháoshèng, Lín Cháodòng, Lín Yǎlíng, Lín Chuánjié, Lin Ruey-Shing, Lín Jǐnkūn, Lín Jùnhóng, Lín Qióngyīng, Lín Lìlíng, Lín Lìjuān, Qiū Zhèngjǐ, Qiū Míngshuǐ, Qiū Yīngxióng, Chiu Cheng-Ching, Qiū Bìyún, Qiū Zhènpíng, Yáo Mùjūn, Yáo Généng, Jiāng Chéngyòu, Jiāng Chéngyù, Jiāng Hóngshàng, Shī Hánméi, Shī Lìqiáng,
Kē Jīnyí, Ko Chie-Jen, Hóng Tíngwéi, Hóng Jīnjiāng, Hung Kuan-Chieh, Hóng Wéifēng, Hú Línzhì, Hú Dēngxióng, Hú Déhuá, Fan Meng-Wen, Fàn Guìyù, Sūn Guìtáng, Sun Hsiao-Yun, Yuán Shǔlóng, Mǎ Shūjǐn, Kao Wan-Hsuan, Zhāng Rénchuān, Zhāng Yǒngfú, Zhāng Yùyīng, Zhāng Zhìhóng, Zhāng Yùchéng, Zhāng Yǒngdá, Zhāng Fāngcí, Zhāng Pǐnzhōng, Zhāng Shūjī, Zhāng Shūzhēn, Zhāng Qīngcái, Chang Jui-Lin, Zhāng Mānfēn, Zhāng Cháohǎi,
Zhāng Lìqióng , Méi Yǔnwén, Zhuāng Nuǎn, Zhuāng Cànróng, Xǔ Yùchuí, Xǔ Huìyín, Shiu Hau-Jie, Xǔ Shīhán, Guō Yǒngzōng, Kuo Tung-Huei, Guō Jùnlín, Guō Zhōngwù, Chén Rénxù, Chén Zhèngyuè, Chén Róngchēn, Chén Qiānróng, Chén Jiāxiù, Chén Jiāhuì, Chen Wan-Jyun, Chén Yuèhuī, Chén Yíyù, Chén Míngyuán, Chén Jùnzài, Chén Jùnmǐn, Chén Yìqí, Chén Jiànhuà, Chén Guófù, Chén Shūměi, Chén Shūqín, Chén Sèróng,
Chén Qínzhī, Chén Yǎlíng, Chen Jia-Hong, Chén Wèixióng, Chen Jing-Wen, Chén Lìmǐn, Lù Wéi, Péng Cuìjuān, Céng Lù, Céng Yàocōng, Yóu Sùlián, Yóu Shèngyuán , Tāng Qílín, Tāng Wéixīn, Tóng Wēishuò, Huáng Wénhuì, Huáng Yǒulì, Huáng Bǎichóng, Huáng Hóngsēn, Huáng Nánmíng, Huáng Jiànhuá, Huáng Jiāfā, Huáng Shūyàn, Huang Kuo-Wei, Huáng Shūméi, Huáng Yángjié, Huáng Qìngtíng, Huáng Yùnrú, Huang Shin-Yi, Yáng Yuèqīng,
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey 2012 survey participants: Yang Cheng-Hsiung, Yáng Yùxiáng, Yáng Yùkuān, Yáng Pèiwén, Yáng Héyù , Yáng Chāngyàn, Yáng Róng, Yáng Huìjīng, Yè Rìhóng, Yè Zhāoyú, Yè Chénsōng, Dǒng Xiǎohóng, Zhān Jìntiān, Zōu Juānjuān, Liào Yǔjié,
Liào Zìqiáng, Liào Jīnshān, Liào Jīnyǔ, Liào Měifèng, Liào'Enchéng, Liào Qǐchāo, Liào Yì jūn, Liào Zhènzhōu, Liú Xiàoshēn, Liú Yùyán, Lliú Zhīfēn, Liú Chūnfèng, Liú Guódòng, Liú Xūnyi, Liú Shèngyù,
Liú Qìngwén, Liú Yàodōng, Ou Mùbiāo, Ou Yáng jiànhuá, Pān Yùjié, Cài Yǐróng, Cài Zhōngwén, Cài Mùkuān, Cài Xiùzhēn, Cài Yùlún, Cài Kūnxī, Cài Mèngxī, Cài Yihuà, Tsai Mu-Chi, Cài Zhīgāng,
Tsai Jo-Szu, Cài Jǐnfú, Jiǎng Gōngguó, Zhèng Hétài, Zhèng Jiànchāng, Zhèng Měijuān, Zhèng Jiéchéng, Zhèng Cuìfèng, Lǔ Měibèi, Lú Jīnquán, Xiāo Sùzhēn, Xiāo'Enpèi, Xiāo Guìzhēn, Xiāo Shùnchāng, Lai Yi-Chien,
Lài Tíngróng, Lài Jùncōng, Lài Yànqí, Lài Huì'é, Qián Wéití, Xuē Qǐlián, Xiè Xiùyún, Xi Ejì'ēn, Xiè Zōngyǔ, Xiè Liánzhū, Zhōng Mènglián, Jiǎn Kūnróng, Yán Xīnbīn, Wèi Xīnyí, Wèi Zǔlín,
Wèi Shàolún, Luó Xùhóng, Luó Měiyù, Lo Ying-Yuan, Luó Ruìkūn, Luó Bèi, Sū Jùnróng, Su Mei-Ru, Sū Sòngqí, Sū Hànjiāng, Jhong Yu-Cen
Shui-Shui Environmental Volunteer Team, NCKU Wild Bird Club, National Pingtung University of Science & Technology Institute of Wildlife Conservation Aves Ecology Lab, National Pingtung University of Science & Technology Birdwatching Club
Assistance and Promotion of BBS Taiwan 2012: Taiwan Black-faced Spoonbill Conservation Association Wetlands Taiwan Yushan National Park
Thanks eve r
yone!!
Fongshan Office, Seventh Branch, Taiwan Water Corporation Forest Conservation and Management Administration, Veterans Affairs Commission Wei Chuan Pusin Ranch Forestry Bureau, Dongshih Forest District Office Forestry Bureau, Hualien Forest District Office Forestry Bureau, Hsinchu Forest District Office Forestry Bureau, Luodong Forest District Office Forestry Research Institute Research Center Liukuei Forestry Research Institute Research Center Fushan Jiading Ecological Association The Society of Wilderness Meifeng Highland Experimental Farm, National Taiwan University Shei-Pa National Park Bird King Studio Tainan Cultural Property Association
Recommended citation Ko, C.J., Fan, M.W., Jiang, Y.X., Yu, W.J., Lo, Y.Y., Huang, K.W., Lin, R.S., Cheng, C.C., and Lee, P. F. 2013. 2012 Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey Annual Report. Council of Agriculture, Endemic Species Research Center, Nantou, Taiwan.
3
Preface The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted Strategic Plan targets for Biodiversity from 2011 through to 2020. Aichi Targets were adopted at COP-10 in October 2010. Developing indicators and monitoring systems are necessary to evaluate and report on the status and trends of biodiversity in each nation or region. The Endemic Species Research Institute (ESRI) is the only governmental agency focused on biodiversity research in Taiwan. The development of national indicators to monitor change in biodiversity is an important task undertaken by ESRI. “ Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey” (BBS Taiwan) is a project to monitor the population status and the trends of breeding birds which is one of the most common global biodiversity indicators. Collaboration between the Chinese Wild Bird Federation, the Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University and ESRI has resulted in BBS Taiwan’s firm and steady development since 2009. On behalf of ESRI, I sincerely thank all our partners and the 268 citizen scientists who participated in the 2012 survey. Finally, I would like to invite more citizen scientists to participate in this project that enriches our knowledge of and aids the conservation of biodiversity in Taiwan. Kuo-Yun Fang Director, Endemic Species Research Institute
Preface
One day, I read an article published in Chirrups magazine. It described the experiences of three young women volunteers during the first BBS Taiwan survey. At the start of the survey they got lost several times in the field because they were not familiar with the operation of their GPS and its coordinate transformations. They felt very disappointed. After assistance from BBS Taiwan team members they finally completed their task successfully. I was very impressed by their story and the dedication of BBS Taiwan survey volunteers. From its founding in 2009, BBS Taiwan has through the establishment of partnerships coupled with volunteer participation grown steadily. In the 2012 survey, 311 survey sampling plots were covered by 268 volunteers who participated in the project. The 2012 survey recorded a total of 240 species with 114,500 birds counted. The results represent part of the annual tracking of the status and trends of biodiversity in Taiwan. The core values of BBS Taiwan are to keep common birds common and prevent rare birds from going extinct. Voluntary Partnerships for Birds, Habitats and People is our main objective. No matter what your age is and what your bird-watching abilities are, join us in making a meaningful contribution to the environment of our home country-Taiwan-through surveying our wild birds!! Shih-Chung Lin President, Chinese Wild Bird Federation
Preface Contribution of data for environmental protection and conser vation of natural resources is critical. In Taiwan, however, where many short-term projects are common, the importance of acquiring ecological data has typically not been taken seriously by government agencies. Resulting databases are usually empty hulls with scarce inputs. T he essentialness of gathering basic data is generally overlooked. This situation has greater prominence in biological resource databases. The 2013 outbreak of rabies among ferretbadgers provides a striking example. Although, there have been no reports of human infection yet, the global experience of rabies shows high risks are to be expected. Disease prevention key points include: identify areas where rabies has been reported; combining ferret-badger distribution and the occurrence of positive rabies cases in order to delineate high risk zones and critical disease prevention zones; greater research on the vaccination of canids; the continued gathering of research data; and the further consideration of using oral rabies vaccinations on ferret-badgers. Construction of a ferret-badger distribution map is near completion. After integration of data from various institutes including the Endemic Species Research Institute and Forestry Bureau, COA; the Construction and Planning Agency of the Ministry of the Interior; Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, and non-governmental companies (including Observer Ecological Consultant Co. and Ming-Shiang Ecological Census Consultant Co.), further analysis of this map could be utilized as the basis for strategies combating the spread of ferret-badger rabies. Basic information on the distribution of birds bears similar value. I look forward to BBS Taiwan’s continued expansion through participation and support of the general public through the gathering of important data for better monitoring of our environmental resources. Last but not least, my grateful appreciation to all those who participated in the survey. Without your individual participation it would not have been possible for this project to proceed. I also appreciate the financial support of the Forestry Bureau that birthed BBS Taiwan, and the enthusiasm of the Endemic Species Research Institute which has given such vitality to the project. Pei-Fen Lee Professor, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology National Taiwan University
W hit
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i s ke r ed L a
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Preface Kuo-Yun Fang, Director, Endemic Species Research Institute Shih-Chung Lin, President, Chinese Wild Bird Federation Pei-Fen Lee, Professor, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University
Contents BBS Taiwan's geographical divisions ...10 New records and numbers...11 Methodology and background...16 Bird population trends Taiwan ...18 Northern Region...22 Eastern Region...23 Western Region...28 Mid-high Elevation Mountainous Region...32
BBS Taiwan's geographical divisions
From 2012, we divided Taiwan into four regions, namely: north, east, west, and mid-high elevation mountains. The scope of the first three regions [north, east, and west] remains the same as those referred to in the 2011 Annual Report but differes in that it only includes largely plains areas up to an elevation of 1,000 meters above sea level and thus includes only low-elevation mountains. The areas above 1,000 meters are mid-high elevation mountains; which has now been assigned as the fourth region and is no longer included in the north, east and west reg ions. T he establishment of the fourth region better aids the monitoring of bird population trends in this distinct geographic and climatic region.
Northern Region The Northern region includes the greater Taipei area, Keelung, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Yilan. Total sampling plots in 2012 were 89. Compared to 2011, the Northern region increased by 33 sampling plots. Of which, 15 were in Taoyuan. Well done Taoyuan! Next year we hope to see more BBS Taiwan “footprints” appearing in Yilan, the Hsinchu plains, and along the north coast!
Western Region T he We s te r n re g ion i nc l ude s M i a o l i , Ta i c h u n g , N a n t o u , Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi, Tainan, Kaohsiung and the western half of Pingtung. The Western region is the largest of the four regions and has the greatest number of sampling plots. In 2012 there were a total of 142 sampling plots. This region accounts for nearly half of the total number of the sampling plots in Taiwan and plays a vital ro l e . C o m p a re d to 2 0 1 1 , t h e Western region increased by eight sampling plots. There are western coastal areas where the birds are still waiting for participants to go and survey. We hope that participants will think of adopting new sampling plots in coastal areas in the coming year!
Eastern Region The Eastern region includes H u a l i e n , Ta i t u n g , a s w e l l as the eastern half of the Hengchun Peninsula in Pingtung. Total sampling plots in 2012 were 32.Even though the birdwatching population density in the East is much lower than in the North and West, the Eastern region still had an increased of 7 sampling plots on its 2011 total. Birdwatchers in the East have put in a lot of hard work! Well done on your efforts! However, there is still a lot of unexplored land in the East. There is a great need for reinforcements to join our Eastern forces. BBS Taiwan needs more publicity in the East!
Mid-high Elevation Mountainous Region Mountains with an elevation of above 1,000 meters above sea level create difficult terrain to conduct surveys in. Fortunately, through the tenacious efforts of some of the BBS Taiwan participants we were able to establish a total of 48 sampling plots in this region in 2012; an increase of ten sampling plots on the 2011 survey. In 2012 new sampling plots were established in this region with the assistance of members of the Monitoring Avian Productivity and Survivorship Program in Taiwan (MAPS Taiwan). BBS Taiwan extends our thanks to these MAPS Taiwan members who so graciously assisted us! There are still many places in the mid-high elevation mountainous areas that have not yet been covered and if you like to spend time in the mountains during spring and summer why not join us and help BBS Taiwan to break new ground!
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
BBS Taiwan sampling plots number more than 300! Steere’s Liocichla / Li Chun-Hui
BBS Taiwan uses two kinds of sampling plots; preselected sampling plots and own sampling plots. The former is based on stratified random sampling plots from around the island of Taiwan. The latter is surveyed in the absence of preselected sampling plots where survey participants choose to establish a sampling plot. From 2011 we began to promote the concept of own sampling plots. In 2012, the total own sampling plots reached 67, an increase of 19 on the 2011 total. Whether preselected sampling plots or own sampling plots are used; the long-term cumulative record is important for the understanding of the status of Taiwan's bird populations’!
This year the number of people involved in BBS Taiwan reached a new milestone. In 2012 a total of 268 participants participated in BBS Taiwan; the first time we exceeded 200 participants! Thank you to all of you who participated. For those who took part as helpers this year, we look forward to you adopting your own plots next year and mentoring a new group of helpers. This not only allows BBS Taiwan’s steady growth to continue, but also the promotion of the concept of bird conservation.
400 Sampling plots
The number of sampling plots in 2012 again showed substantial growth; from 253 sampling plots in 2011 the total increased to 311 sampling plots in 2012. Even more encouraging is that within each survey region the number of sampling plots increased. Even long-distance high-elevation sampling plots have increased which means that all regions of the island of Taiwan have a strong network of coverage! Among the sampling plots, there are 101 sampling plots that have been used for survey recording for four consecutive years from the start of BBS Taiwan and which have provided valuable data for establishing bird population trends.
300
48 38
200 100 0
142 40
26
51
58
33 24
31 25
2009
2010
134 32 25 56
Year
2011
89
2012
Mid-high Elevation Mountainous Region Western Region Eastern Region Northern Region
11
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
12
Common Name
Scientific Name
Plot
%
Common Name
Scientific Name
Mandarin Duck
Aix galericulata
1
0
Crested Goshawk
Accipiter trivirgatus
Eurasian Wigeon
Anas Penelope
2
1
Chinese Sparrowhawk
Accipiter soloensis
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
3
1
Besra
Accipiter virgatus
11
4
Eastern Spot-billed Duck
Anas zonorhyncha
7
2
Northern Goshawk
Accipiter gentilis
1
0
Northern Shoveler
Anas clypeata
*
Gray-faced Buzzard
Butastur indicus
2
1
Northern Pintail
Anas acuta
1
0
Common Buzzard
Buteo buteo
*
Garganey
Anas querquedula
1
0
Black Eagle
Ictinaetus malayensis
2
Green-winged Teal
Anas crecca
2
1
Eurasian Kestrel
Falco tinnunculus
*
Tufted Duck
Aythya fuligula
*
Peregrine Falcon
Falco peregrinus
2
1
Taiwan Partridge
Arborophila crudigularis
36 12
Slaty-legged Crake
Rallina eurizonoides
4
1
Chinese Bamboo-Partridge
Bambusicola thoracicus
143 46
White-breasted Waterhen
Amaurornis phoenicurus
Swinhoe’s Pheasant
Lophura swinhoii
2
Ruddy-breasted Crake
Porzana fusca
Mikado Pheasant
Syrmaticus mikado
*
Eurasian Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus
Ring-necked Pheasant
Phasianus colchicus
14
5
Eurasian Coot
Fulica atra
2
1
Little Grebe
Tachybaptus ruficollis
22
7
Pacific Golden-Plover
Pluvialis fulva
6
2
Great Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo
2
1
Lesser Sand-Plover
Charadrius mongolus
2
1
Yellow Bittern
Ixobrychus sinensis
3
1
Greater Sand-Plover
Charadrius leschenaultii
*
Cinnamon Bittern
Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
5
2
Kentish Plover
Charadrius alexandrinus
5
Gray Heron
Ardea cinerea
12
4
Little Ringed Plover
Charadrius dubius
32 10
Purple Heron
Ardea purpurea
Black-winged Stilt
Himantopus himantopus
12
4
Great Egret
Ardea alba
22
7
Pheasant-tailed Jacana
Hydrophasianus chirurgus
1
0
Intermediate Egret
Mesophoyx intermedia
19
6
Terek Sandpiper
Xenus cinereus
*
Chinese Egret
Egretta eulophotes
1
0
Common Sandpiper
Actitis hypoleucos
Little Egret
Egretta garzetta
Green Sandpiper
Pacific Reef Egret
Egretta sacra
Cattle Egret
Bubulcus ibis
Chinese Pond-Heron
Ardeola bacchus
Black-Crowned Night-Heron
1
*
Plot
%
22
7
*
1
40 13 7
2
57 18
2
29
9
Tringa ochropus
3
1
Gray-tailed Tattler
Tringa brevipes
4
1
Common Greenshank
Tringa nebularia
11
4
1
Marsh Sandpiper
Tringa stagnatilis
3
1
Nycticorax nycticorax
52 17
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
18
6
Malayan Night-Heron
Gorsachius melanolophus
35 11
Common Redshank
Tringa totanus
2
1
Sacred Ibis(i)
Threskiornis aethiopicus
2
Ruddy Turnstone
Arenaria interpres
*
Eurasian Spoonbill
Platalea leucorodia
*
Great Knot
Calidris tenuirostris
*
Black-faced Spoonbill
Platalea minor
*
Red Knot
Calidris canutus
*
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
2
1
Red-necked Stint
Calidris ruficollis
1
0
Oriental Honey-Buzzard
Pernis ptilorhynchus
2
1
Temminck’s Stint
Calidris temminckii
1
0
Black-shouldered Kite
Elanus caeruleus
1
0
Long-toed Stint
Calidris subminuta
1
0
Black Kite
Milvus migrans
4
1
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Calidris acuminata
2
1
Crested Serpent-Eagle
Spilornis cheela
Dunlin
Calidris alpina
1
0
Eastern Marsh-Harrier
Circus spilonotus
Common Snipe
Gallinago gallinago
4
1
104 33 1
0
79 25 2
1
40 13 *
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey Common Name
Scientific Name
Plot
%
Common Name
Scientific Name
Barred Buttonquail
Turnix suscitator
13
4
Brown Shrike
Lanius cristatus
86 28
Oriental Pratincole
Glareola maldivarum
10
3
Long-tailed Shrike
Lanius schach
26
Greater Painted-Snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
6
2
White-bellied Erponis
Erpornis zantholeuca
67 22
Saunders’s Gull
Saundersilarus saundersi
*
Black-naped Oriole
Oriolus chinensis
Black-tailed Gull
Larus crassirostris
1
0
Maroon Oriole
Oriolus traillii
Lesser Black-backed Gull
Larus fuscus
1
0
Black Drongo
Dicrurus macrocercus
Little Tern
Sternula albifrons
4
1
Ashy Drongo
Dicrurus leucophaeus
White-winged Tern
Chlidonias leucopterus
1
0
Bronzed Drongo
Dicrurus aeneus
Whiskered Tern
Chlidonias hybrida
2
1
Black-naped Monarch
Hypothymis azurea
Greater Crested Tern
Thalasseus bergii
*
Eurasian Jay
Garrulus glandarius
17
Rock Pigeon (Feral Pigeon)(i)
Columba livia
Formosan Magpie
Urocissa caerulea
39 13
Ashy Woodpigeon
Columba pulchricollis
Gray Treepie
Dendrocitta formosae
Oriental Turtle-Dove
Streptopelia orientalis
51 16
Eurasian Magpie(i)
Pica pica
Red Collared-Dove
Streptopelia tranquebarica
155 50
Spotted Nutcracker
Nucifraga caryocatactes
Spotted Dove
Streptopelia chinensis
163 52
Large-billed Crow
Corvus macrorhynchos
38 12
Emerald Dove
Chalcophaps indica
31 10
Oriental Skylark
Alauda gulgula
28
9
White-bellied Pigeon
Treron sieboldii
25
8
Gray-throated Martin
Riparia paludicola
29
9
Whistling Green Pigeon
Treron formosae
1
0
Sand Martin
Riparia chinensis
1
0
Large Hawk Cuckoo
Hierococcyx sparverioides
9
3
Barn Swallow
Hirundo rustica
126 41
Oriental Cuckoo
Cuculus optatus
Pacific Swallow
Hirundo tahitica
137 44
Lesser Cuckoo
Cuculus poliocephalus
Striated Swallow
Cecropis striolata
68 22
Lesser Coucal
Centropus bengalensis
Asian House Martin
Delichon dasypus
10
3
Mountain Scops-Owl
Otus spilocephalus
*
Coal Tit
Periparus ater
17
5
Collared Scops-Owl
Otus lettia
*
Green-backed Tit
Parus monticolus
33 11
Collared Owlet
Glaucidium brodiei
3
1
Yellow Tit
Macholophus holsti
14
5
Savanna Nightjar
Caprimulgus affinis
4
1
Varied Tit
Sittiparus varius
2
1
Pacific Swift
Apus pacificus
7
2
Black-throated Tit
Aegithalos concinnus
31 10
House Swift
Apus nipalensis
72 23
Eurasian Nuthatch
Sitta europaea
11
4
Common Kingfisher
Alcedo atthis
40 13
Eurasian Wren
Troglodytes troglodytes
9
3
Dollarbird
Eurystomus orientalis
Brown Dipper
Cinclus pallasii
2
1
Taiwan Barbet
Megalaima nuchalis
Collared Finchbill
Spizixos semitorques
71 23
Gray-capped Pygmy Woodpecker
Dendrocopos canicapillus
Styan’s Bulbul
Pycnonotus taivanus
30 10
White-backed Woodpecker
Dendrocopos leucotos
8
3
Light-vented Bulbul
Pycnonotus sinensis
228 73
Gray-headed Woodpecker
Picus canus
2
1
Black Bulbul
Hypsipetes leucocephalus
210 68
Fairy Pitta
Pitta nympha
11
4
Flamecrest
Regulus goodfellowi
12
4
Black-winged Cuckoo-Shrike
Lalage melaschistos
*
Taiwan Cupwing
Pnoepyga formosana
17
5
Ashy Minivet
Pericrocotus divaricatus
2
Rufous-faced Warbler
Abroscopus albogularis
55 18
Gray-chinned Minivet
Pericrocotus solaris
Manchurian/Japanese BushWarbler
Cettia canturians/ diphone
19
41 13 6
2
41 13 1
0
48 15
* 185 59 63 20
1
75 24
Plot
7
%
8
2
34 11 146 47 * 64 21 164 53 5
201 65 27
9
3
1
6
13
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
14
Common Name
Scientific Name
Plot
%
Brownish-flanked BushWarbler Yellowish-bellied BushWarbler Yellowish-bellied BushWarbler
Common Name
Scientific Name
Plot
%
Cettia fortipes
26
8
Siberian Rubythroat
Calliope calliope
14
5
Cettia acanthizoides
22
7
White-tailed Robin
Cinclidium leucurum
41 13
Phylloscopus inornatus
15
5
White-browed Robin
Tarsiger indicus
12
4
Arctic Warbler
Phylloscopus borealis
18
6
Collared Bush Robin
Tarsiger johnstoniae
17
5
Eastern Crowned Warbler
Phylloscopus coronatus
1
0
Snowy-browed Flycatcher
Ficedula hyperythra
9
3
Oriental Reed-Warbler
Acrocephalus orientalis
2
1
Plumbeous Redstart
Phoenicurus fuliginosus
24
8
Taiwan Bush-Warbler
Bradypterus alishanensis
17
5
Daurian Redstart
Phoenicurus auroreus
6
2
Zitting Cisticola
Cisticola juncidis
41 13
Blue Rock-Thrush
Monticola solitarius
15
5
Golden-headed Cisticola
Cisticola exilis
30 10
Eurasian Stonechat
Saxicola maurus
1
0
Striated Prinia
Prinia crinigera
17
Island Thrush
Turdus poliocephalus
*
Yellow-bellied Prinia
Prinia flaviventris
105 34
Pale Thrush
Turdus pallidus
9
3
Plain Prinia
Prinia inornata
138 44
Brown-headed Thrush
Turdus chrysolaus
6
2
Taiwan Fulvetta
Fulvetta formosana
11
4
Asian Glossy Starling(i)
Aplonis panayensis
4
1
Vinous-throated Parrotbill
Paradoxornis webbianus
22
7
Crested Myna
Acridotheres cristatellus
9
3
Golden Parrotbill
Paradoxornis verreauxi
4
1
Javan Myna(i)
Acridotheres javanicus
Taiwan Yuhina
Yuhina brunneiceps
45 14
Jungle Myna(i)
Acridotheres fuscus
Japanese White-Eye
Zosterops japonicus
200 64
Common Myna(i)
Acridotheres tristis
54 17
Gray-cheeked Fulvetta
Alcippe morrisonia
137 44
Black-collared Starling(i)
Gracupica nigricollis
13
4
Dusky Fulvetta
Schoeniparus brunnea
109 35
White-shouldered Starling
Sturnia sinensis
2
1
Rufous-crowned Laughingthrush
Garrulax ruficeps
Chestnut-tailed Starling(i)
Sturnia malabarica
2
1
Rusty Laughingthrush
Garrulax poecilorhynchus
Red-billed Starling
Sturnus sericeus
*
Chinese Hwamei(i)
Garrulax canorus
Common Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
1
0
Taiwan Hwamei
Garrulax taewanus
48 15
White-cheeked Starling
Sturnus cineraceus
1
0
White-whiskered Laughingthrush
Garrulax morrisonianus
21
Plain Flowerpecker
Dicaeum minullum
8
3
White-eared Sibia
Heterophasia auricularis
54 17
Fire-breasted Flowerpecker
Dicaeum ignipectum
21
7
Steere’s Liocichla
Liocichla steerii
40 13
Alpine Accentor
Prunella collaris
2
1
Taiwan Barwing
Actinodura morrisoniana
Yellow Wagtail (Western/Eastern)
Motacilla flava/ tschutschensis
37 12
Rufous-capped Babbler
Stachyridopsis ruficeps
Gray Wagtail
Motacilla cinerea
41 13
Black-necklaced Scimitar Babbler
Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis
White Wagtail
Motacilla alba
55 18
Taiwan Scimitar Babbler
Pomatorhinus musicus
Richard’s Pipit
Anthus richardi
2
1
Gray-streaked Flycatcher
Muscicapa griseisticta
4
1
Olive-backed Pipit
Anthus hodgsoni
2
1
Asian Brown Flycatcher
Muscicapa latirostris
1
0
Rustic Bunting
Emberiza rustica
1
0
Ferruginous Flycatcher
Muscicapa ferruginea
12
4
Black-faced Bunting
Emberiza spodocephala
16
5
Oriental Magpie-Robin(i)
Copsychus saularis
5
2
Taiwan Rosefinch
Carpodacus formosanus
14
5
Vivid Niltava
Niltava vivida
29
9
Brown Bullfinch
Pyrrhula nipalensis
8
3
White-browed Shortwing
Brachypteryx montana
19
6
Gray-headed Bullfinch
Pyrrhula erythaca
6
2
Formosan Whistling-Thrush
Myophonus insularis
53 17
Russet Sparrow
Passer rutilans
2
1
Little Forktail
Enicurus scouleri
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
Passer montanus
5
3
1
13
4
2
1
9
7
3
172 55 91 29 176 57
2
1
118 38 1
0
175 56
Common Name
Scientific Name
Plot
%
Indian Silverbill(i)
Euodice malabarica
1
0
White-rumped Munia
Lonchura striata
38 12
Scaly-breasted Munia
Lonchura punctulata
77 25
Chestnut Munia
Lonchura atricapilla
11
[Sulphur-crested Cockatoo]
Cacatua galerita
*
[Trumpeter Hornbill]
Ceratogymna bucinator
*
[Black-throated Laughingthrush]
Garrulax chinensis
1
[White-browed Laughingthrush]
Garrulax sannio
*
[White-rumped Shama]
Copsychus malabaricus
3
1
[Vinous-breasted Starling]
Acridotheres burmannicus
1
0
[Great Myna]
Acridotheres grandis
2
1
[Common Waxbill ]
Estrilda astrild
1
0
4
0
»» "Plot" means the number of sampling plots the bird species was recorded in during 2012. "*" means the species was only recorded in supplemental records or beyond 100m to the survey station."%" means the percentage of total sampling plots the bird species was recorded in during 2012.
»» Bird species name, scientific name, and introduced bird species (marked “i”) are based on the Chinese Wild Bird Federation’s National Bird List (2013 edition, taxonomy follows Clements v6.7).
»» Alien species of birds that have been identified in the field but it is yet to be established if the species has established a sustainable breeding population (marked with “[]”) are included at the end of the species list. Scientific name given is based on Clements v6.7.
»» Recently some subspecies have been split and raised to full species where both species have been recorded in Taiwan but identification in the field is extremely difficult so we have continued using the old classification. These splits include Yellow Wagtail (Western Yellow Wagtail / Eastern Yellow Wagtail) and Japanese Bush-Warbler (Manchurian Bush-Warbler / Japanese Bush-Warbler).
»» Common names follow Clements which in several intances differ to the English common names and spellings generally used in the region.
Another new record high for birds counted The 2012 survey recorded a total of 240 species with 114,500 birds counted. With the increase in the number of sampling plots, bird counts increased to a n e w h i g h fo r B B S Taiwan. The most common bird species in the 2012 survey were Light-vented
Gray Treepie / Cài Mùkuān
Bulbul, Black Bulbul, Japanese White-Eye, and Gray Treepie, These four species of birds were recorded in more than 200 of the 311 sampling plots and were the most familiar names at every recording sheet. The two most numerous species recorded were Eurasian Tree Sparrow and Light-vented Bulbul (over 11,000 times). Next were Black Bulbul, Red Collared-Dove, and Japanese White-Eye (between 4,000 – 5,000 times). Counting all these birds was quite a tedious undertaking for everyone! During the 2012 survey we recorded rare breeding residents including Island Thrush, Mikado Pheasant, Mandarin Duck and others; as well as rare migrants including Rustic Bunting, Black-winged Cuckoo-Shrike, Northern Goshawk and others. Those who encounted these rarities at their sampling plots were very lucky because these rare birds are only recorded a few times annualy! In 2012 the average number of bird species recorded at BBS Taiwan sampling plots were 25 species. The highest number of bird species recorded at a single sampling plot was 77 species (including supplemental record). This sampling plot was located in Keelung where surveyors encountered a peak in migration! The least number of bird species recorded were at two sampling plots where just six species were recorded. The first sampling plot was in Taipei and the second was in Kaohsiung. Of course, we have to emphasize, that regardless of low numbers of species recorded at a sampling plot the value of the data collected is of equal importance to the survey. Thank you for your willingness to lay down your binoculars to write up your survey records. And to those that endured sampling plots with few birds; where low numbers alarm surveyors; we are most grateful!
15
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
Methodology and explanations Monitoring Taiwan's breeding bird population trends is BBS Taiwan's most important task. Monitoring can provide important information including the sudden sharp decline of a bird species; track the status of populations of protected species; and track increases or decreases in the number of alien bird species. BBS Taiwan’s survey is designed to efficiently and effectively gather breeding bird data. BBS Taiwan uses the point count method to collect data. Each sampling plot consists of 6-10 sampling points and each sampling point is separated by 200 meters or more with an effective survey radius of 100 meters. The entire sampling plot covers approximately 1 × 1 km radius. From March to June each year, Taiwan's main bird breeding season, surveyors at each sampling plot conduct two surveys. Both start at sunrise and are completed within 4 hours. Surveyors stay at each sampling point for six minutes, recording the number of birds and species while noting time and distance. Practically, as few as two mornings only are needed for surveyors to collect valuable data on Taiwan's breeding birds. The survey makes use of two types of sampling plots; preselected sampling plots and own sampling plots. The former is based on stratified random sampling plots from around the island of Taiwan. The latter is surveyed in the absence of preselected sampling plots where survey participants choose to establish a sampling plot. Regardless of which category of sample plots used, BBS Taiwan tries to cover all possible habitats. The annual BBS Taiwan report will be based on data returned by surveyors to calculate the latest population trends and relative population size of breeding birds in the form of annual reports and other publications. For the sake of standardization, only data collected within six minutes of the start of sampling and within 100 meters of the surveyor is used. Flying birds [excluding aerial foragers such as swallows and raptors in
16
territorial display] and birds recorded in supplemental records are not included in the calculation. Surveys are conducted twice a year and the greater recorded total is used for the analysis. In calculating population trends, the totals of birds counted each year are translated into population indices with the uniform starting year (2009) set to 100, in order to facilitate the interpretation of indicator values. We used Poisson log-linear regression models to obtain the slope and standard error of population changes in each bird species to assess whether the population trend is statistically significant. Bird population trends were analyzed using the European Bird Census Council’s BirdSTATS program. The program uses TRIM (TRends and Indices for Monitoring data) developed by Statistics Netherlands trend analysis software and has been widely adopted by many European countries. In order to ensure the credibility of published BBS Taiwan bird population trends, we only include bird species if the following conditions are met. In short, BBS Taiwan's main focus is common breeding birds. 1. Birds must breed on the island of Taiwan; includes resident birds and summer migrants. 2. The bird species must have been recorded in at least 30 sampling plots or more around the island of Taiwan, or within 20 or more sampling plots within one of the four individual geographical regions. 3. Must not have a large population of wintering birds or birds in transit. 4. Must not breed in colonies. 5. BBS Taiwan's sur vey times are suited for the surveying of diurnal birds, so the recording of Strigidae and other nocturnal species can’t be undertaken effectively. 6. Diurnal birds of prey are marked in parentheses “()” because BBS Taiwan’s survey time is not suitable for the survey of such species.
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
signing up
attending workshops
picking your survey site
learning bird sounds
learning about the birds in your site
locating survey plots
in the fields
entering records
keying in data
publishing results
data analysis
h ent wit p s e w ngs "Morni " friends d e r e h t our fea
17
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey
The island of Taiwan From 2009-2012, a total of 68 species of breeding birds have been recorded on the island of Taiwan within 30 or more sampling plots. In 2012, bird species increased by five species on the 2011 total of 63 species. These species included Malayan Night-Heron, Eurasian Magpie, Golden-headed Cisticola, White-whiskered Laughingthrush, and Yellowish-bellied Bush-Warbler. With the inclusion of White-whiskered Laughingthrush and Yellowishbellied Bush-Warbler which inhabit areas above 2,000 meters ASL, we can now start to include high-elevation bird population trends in our annual reports!
2009 - 2012 four-year trends of bird species showing significant declines in populations A total of 18 species are in significant decline. These include seven mid-elevation forest birds: Green-backed Tit, Black-throated Tit, Rufous-faced Warbler, Steere’s Liocichla, Taiwan Yuhina, Vivid Niltava, and Firebreasted Flowerpecker; five grassland species: Yellowbellied Prinia, Plain Prinia, Vinous-throated Parrotbill, Eurasian Tree Sparrow, and White-rumped Munia; three low-elevation forest birds: Black-necklaced Scimitar Babbler, Rufous-capped Babbler, and Whitebellied Erponis; two summer migrants: Oriental Cuckoo and Barn Swallow; and one high-elevation forest bird species: White-whiskered Laughingthrush. The overall situation in 2012 is obviously worrying with an increase in the number of species showing declining population trends when compared with 2011. A quarter of the 68 species analyzed show they are in decline. The two most serious declines were Vinous-throated Parrotbill (-74%) and Green-backed Tit (-63%). Most importantly, Green-backed Tit is listed as a third level protected species in Taiwan, and is probably the species most in need of greater attention.
2009 - 2012 four-year trends of bird species showing significant increases in populations There are four species which showed a significant increase in their respective population trends. These include Eurasian Moorhen, a wetland bird; Black Bulbul, a forest bird; and Javan Myna and Common Myna, two introduced bird species. Common Myna shows the greatest population increase. Possibly as
18
great as three times, but the index value of the error is also large. However, this increase in an alien species should be closely monitored by conservationists. When compared with 2011 where the population trends of ten species show an increase, 2012 only shows an increase among four species. The increase in the population trends of Javan Myna and Common Myna; both invasive alien species; probably is not good news!
2011 - 2012 variations in population trends There are nine species showing significant declines. These include Crested Serpent-Eagle, Gray-capped Pygmy Woodpecker, Gray-chinned Minivet, Bronzed Drongo, Large-billed Crow, Gray-cheeked Fulvetta, Taiwan Yuhina, White-bellied Erponis, and Whiterumped Munia. There is an increase in two species, namely Zitting Cisticola and Golden-headed Cisticola.
Species Name Taiwan Partridge III
Samples 11-12
09-12
LCL UCL
63
19
55
90 132
194
10
6
93 107
Malayan Night-Heron
53
24
-38
61 114
(Crested Serpent-Eagle II)
96
-90 *
19
95 139
(Crested Goshawk II)
60
-11
-48
62 102
White-breasted Waterhen
61
17
-9
78 115
Eurasian Moorhen
74
10
Oriental Turtle-Dove
90
8
-37
68 101
Red Collared-Dove
189
9
10
96 110
Spotted Dove
212
-4
-6
91 103
Emerald Dove
51
41
5
80 119
White-bellied Pigeon
64
12
-27
73 108
Oriental Cuckoo
84
21
-32 *
77
Chinese Bamboo Partridge
69 * 107 140
99
Taiwan Breeding Bird Survey Species Name
Samples 11-12
09-12
LCL UCL
Species Name
Lesser Coucal
73
28
-15
82 103
Taiwan Yuhina
Common Kingfisher
70
-3
-28
77 115
White-bellied Erponis
Taiwan Barbet
229
11
7
94 104
Gray-capped Pygmy Woodpecker
Vinous-throated Parrotbill
131
-27 *
-32
82 102
Gray-chinned Minivet
119
-31 *
-17
88 107
Long-tailed Shrike
43
13
-20
74 108
Maroon Oriole II
54
-13
-14
82 112
Black Drongo
188
-6
-6
89 105
Bronzed Drongo
105
-25 *
-21
86 103
Black-naped Monarch
211
-1
7
96 106
Formosan Magpie III
65
-23
-12
83 111
257
9
-4
92 102
Eurasian Magpie(i)
32
-26
-9
30 186
Large-billed Crow
74
-48 *
-3
84 114
Green-backed Tit III
47
-9
-63 *
64
81
Barn Swallow
179
3
-46 *
72
92
Pacific Swallow
182
17
13
97 113
Striated Swallow
93
16
13
93 120
Black-throated Tit
45
19
-32 *
Oriental Skylark
48
24
-7
82 107
Zitting Cisticola
65
23 *
-8
87 103
Golden-headed Cisticola
43
78 *
45
84 132
Yellow-bellied Prinia
144
2
-21 *
85
98
Plain Prinia
175
-3
-16 *
87
99
92
10
1
86 107
266
-2
3
96 106
35
-11
4
95 106
243
17
Brownish-flanked BushWarbler Yellowish-bellied BushWarbler
41
-10
-16
81 107
31
-23
-6
92 114
Rufous-faced Warbler
Gray Treepie
Collared Finchbill Light-vented Bulbul Styan’s Bulbul II Black Bulbul
74
99
42 * 105 117
77
-14
-31 *
82
96
Black-necklaced Scimitar Babbler
143
-9
-22 *
84
99
Taiwan Scimitar Babbler
239
-11
6
Rufous-capped Babbler
226
-7
-10 *
Taiwan Hwamei II
76
12
33
White-whiskered Laughingthrush
28
-60 *
-45 *
74
99
Steere’s Liocichla
55
-5
-19 *
87
98
Dusky Fulvetta
147
5
13
98 110
Gray-cheeked Fulvetta
191
-28 *
-15
90 102
-16
-20
87 102
White-eared Sibia
85
Samples 11-12
09-12
LCL UCL
64
-23 *
-38 *
79
92
114
-31 *
-39 *
78
95
51
-6
-74 *
53
77
Japanese White-Eye
259
-4
-7
91 103
Formosan WhistlingThrush
83
10
-10
85 107
Plumbeous Redstart III
44
-8
-7
83 113
White-tailed Robin III
63
-5
-15
86 103
Vivid Niltava III
48
-19
-45 *
74
94
Fire-breasted Flowerpecker
39
8
-34 *
70
99
208
-6
-22 *
87
96
White-rumped Munia
84
-26 *
-45 *
69
93
Scaly-breasted Munia
125
-12
-22
81 103
Rock Pigeon(i)
55
45
405
85 275
Javan Myna(i)
139
3
30 * 101 119
76
-91
237 * 104 214
Eurasian Tree Sparrow
Common Myna(i)
»» "Samples" means the number of sampling plots the bird species was recorded in during the period 2009 – 2012.
»» “11-12” indicates the trends for the period 2011 – 2012, “09-12” indicates the trends for the period 2009 – 2012.
»» Trends are percentage changes; for example “50” indicates a 50% increase in bird populations, and “-75” indicates a 75% decrease. Trends marked with an asterisk (*) indicates a statistically significant change where p
