TDHS-MIS is part of the worldwide DHS Program, which assists countries in the collection of data to monitor and evaluate
Tanzania 2015-16 Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey Key Findings
United Republic of Tanzania
This report presents Key Findings of the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2015-16 TDHS-MIS), which was implemented by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) DQG2IÀFHRIWKH&KLHI*RYHUQPHQW6WDWLVWLFLDQ 2&*6 =DQ]LEDULQFROODERUDWLRQZLWKWKH0LQLVWU\RI +HDOWK&RPPXQLW\'HYHORSPHQW*HQGHU(OGHUO\DQG&KLOGUHQ0DLQODQGDQGWKH0LQLVWU\RI+HDOWK =DQ]LEDUIURP$XJXVWWKURXJK)HEUXDU\,&)SURYLGHGWHFKQLFDODVVLVWDQFH7KH TDHS-MIS is part of the worldwide DHS Program, which assists countries in the collection of data to monitor DQGHYDOXDWHSRSXODWLRQKHDOWKDQGQXWULWLRQSURJUDPPHV7KHVXUYH\ZDVIXQGHGE\WKH*RYHUQPHQWRI 7DQ]DQLD8QLWHG6WDWHV$JHQF\IRU,QWHUQDWLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW 86$,' *OREDO$IIDLUV&DQDGD,ULVK$LG 8QLWHG1DWLRQV&KLOGUHQ·V)XQG 8QLFHI DQGWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV3RSXODWLRQ)XQG 81)3$ $GGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKH7'+60,6PD\EHREWDLQHGIURPWKH1DWLRQDO%XUHDXRI6WDWLVWLFV +HDG2IÀFH.LYXNRQL5RDG32%R[ 'DUHV6DODDP7DQ]DQLD7HOHSKRQH )D[ (PDLO GJ#QEVJRW] ,QWHUQHW ZZZQEVJRW] $GGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXW7KH'+63URJUDPPD\EHREWDLQHGIURP,&)*DLWKHU5RDG6XLWH 5RFNYLOOH0'86$7HOHSKRQH )D[ (PDLO LQIR#'+6SURJUDPFRP ,QWHUQHW ZZZ'+6SURJUDPFRP 5HFRPPHQGHGFLWDWLRQ 0LQLVWU\RI+HDOWK&RPPXQLW\'HYHORSPHQW*HQGHU(OGHUO\DQG&KLOGUHQ 0R+&'*(& >7DQ]DQLD 0DLQODQG0LQLVWU\RI+HDOWK 0R+ >=DQ]LEDU@1DWLRQDO%XUHDXRI6WDWLVWLFV 1%6 2IÀFHRIWKH&KLHI *RYHUQPHQW6WDWLVWLFLDQ 2&*6 DQG,&)2015-16 TDHS-MIS Key Findings.5RFNYLOOH0DU\ODQG86$ 0R+&'*(&0R+1%62&*6DQG,&) Cover photograph citation: © 2016 Riccardo Gangale/VectorWorks, Courtesy of Photoshare
ABOUT THE 2015-16 TDHS-MIS The 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS) is designed WRSURYLGHGDWDIRUPRQLWRULQJWKHSRSXODWLRQDQGKHDOWKVLWXDWLRQLQ7DQ]DQLD7KH7'+60,6LVWKH VL[WK'HPRJUDSKLFDQG+HDOWK6XUYH\FRQGXFWHGLQ7DQ]DQLDVLQFH DQGWKHWKLUG0DODULD,QGLFDWRU 6XUYH\VLQFH7KHSULPDU\REMHFWLYHRIWKHVXUYH\LVWRSURYLGHUHOLDEOHHVWLPDWHVRIIHUWLOLW\OHYHOV PDUULDJHVH[XDODFWLYLW\IHUWLOLW\SUHIHUHQFHVDZDUHQHVVDQGXVHRIIDPLO\SODQQLQJPHWKRGVEUHDVWIHHGLQJ practices, nutrition, childhood and maternal mortality, maternal and child health, malaria and other health UHODWHGLVVXHVDVZHOODVSUHYDOHQFHRIDQDHPLDDPRQJZRPHQDJH DQGPDODULDLQIHFWLRQDQGDQDHPLD DPRQJFKLOGUHQXQGHU7KLVLQIRUPDWLRQLVLQWHQGHGIRUXVHE\SURJUDPPHPDQDJHUVDQGSROLF\PDNHUVWR HYDOXDWHDQGLPSURYHH[LVWLQJSURJUDPPHV
Who Participated in the Survey? $QDWLRQDOO\UHSUHVHQWDWLYHVDPSOHRIZRPHQDJH LQDOOVHOHFWHGKRXVHKROGVDQGPHQDJH LQRQHWKLUGRIWKHVHOHFWHGKRXVHKROGVZHUHLQWHUYLHZHG7KLVUHSUHVHQWVDUHVSRQVHUDWHRI RI ZRPHQDQG RIPHQ7KHVDPSOHGHVLJQIRUWKH7'+60,6SURYLGHVHVWLPDWHVDWWKHQDWLRQDODQG ]RQDOOHYHOVIRUXUEDQDQGUXUDODUHDV0DLQODQG7DQ]DQLDDQG=DQ]LEDUDQGIRUVRPHEXWQRWDOOLQGLFDWRUV HVWLPDWHVDWWKHUHJLRQDOOHYHO
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND RESPONDENTS Household Composition 7KHDYHUDJH7DQ]DQLDQKRXVHKROGKDV PHPEHUV 2QHLQIRXUKRXVHKROGVDUHKHDGHGE\ZRPHQ 1HDUO\KDOI RIWKH7DQ]DQLDQSRSXODWLRQLV XQGHUDJH
Water, Sanitation and Electricity ,Q7DQ]DQLDLQ KRXVHKROGVKDYHDFFHVVWR DQLPSURYHGZDWHUVRXUFH$PRQJXUEDQ0DLQODQG KRXVHKROGVKDYHDFFHVVWRDQLPSURYHG ZDWHUVRXUFHFRPSDUHGWRRIUXUDO0DLQODQG KRXVHKROGV,Q=DQ]LEDU RIKRXVHKROGVKDYH DFFHVVWRDQLPSURYHGZDWHUVRXUFH,QRI 7DQ]DQLDQKRXVHKROGVLWWDNHVPLQXWHVRUORQJHU WRREWDLQGULQNLQJZDWHU 0LFDK$OEHUW&RXUWHV\RI3KRWRVKDUH
$OPRVWLQKRXVHKROGV LQ7DQ]DQLDKDYH DQLPSURYHGQRWVKDUHGVDQLWDWLRQIDFLOLW\,Q UXUDODUHDVRQWKH0DLQODQGWKHPDMRULW\ RI households have unimproved sanitation facilities, ZKLOHLQXUEDQ0DLQODQGDUHDVRQO\RI KRXVHKROGVKDYHXQLPSURYHGIDFLOLWLHV,Q=DQ]LEDU LPSURYHGQRWVKDUHGIDFLOLWLHV DUHPRVW FRPPRQKRZHYHURI=DQ]LEDULKRXVHKROGVKDYH QRIDFLOLW\ZKLFKLVWKHKLJKHVWLQ7DQ]DQLD 2YHUDOODOPRVWLQ7DQ]DQLDQKRXVHKROGVKDYH HOHFWULFLW\
Water, Sanitation, and Electricity by Residence Percent of households with: Urban Rural Mainland Mainland
Total
Zanzibar
98 86 61
59
56
48
47
35 19 Improved source of drinking water
23 10
,Q7DQ]DQLDLQKRXVHKROGVKDYHDPRELOHSKRQH KDOIKDYHDUDGLRDERXWLQKDYHDELF\FOH LQKDYHDWHOHYLVLRQDQGKDYHDFDURUWUXFN +RXVHKROGVLQXUEDQ0DLQODQGDUHDVDUHPRUHOLNHO\ WKDQUXUDO0DLQODQGKRXVHKROGVWRRZQWKHVHJRRGV In contrast, rural Mainland households are more OLNHO\WRRZQDJULFXOWXUDOODQGRUIDUPDQLPDOVWKDQ XUEDQ0DLQODQG,Q=DQ]LEDUKRXVHKROGVDUHPRUH OLNHO\WRRZQJRRGVOLNHDPRELOHSKRQH UDGLR RUELF\FOH WKDQDJULFXOWXUDOODQG
Education )LIWHHQSHUFHQWRIZRPHQDQGRIPHQDJH KDYHQRHGXFDWLRQ+DOIRIZRPHQDQGPHQKDYH FRPSOHWHGSULPDU\HGXFDWLRQZKLOHRIZRPHQ DQGPHQKDYHVHFRQGDU\RUKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ 6HYHQW\VHYHQSHUFHQWRIZRPHQDQGRIPHQDJH DUHOLWHUDWH
Education 5
Improved, not shared sanitation facility
Ownership of Goods
Electricity
Percent distribution of women and men age 15-49 by highest level of education attended 23 50 12 15 Women
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28 48 16 8 Men
Secondary + Primary complete Primary incomplete No education
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey
FERTILITY AND ITS DETERMINANTS Total Fertility Rate
Trends in Fertility Births per woman for the three-year period before the survey
&XUUHQWO\ZRPHQLQ7DQ]DQLDKDYHDQDYHUDJHRI FKLOGUHQ6LQFHWKHÀUVW7'+6VXUYH\LQ IHUWLOLW\KDVGHFUHDVHGIURPFKLOGUHQSHUZRPDQ WRLQ )HUWLOLW\YDULHVE\UHVLGHQFHDQGUHJLRQ:RPHQ OLYLQJLQUXUDO0DLQODQGDUHDVKDYHDQDYHUDJHRI FKLOGUHQFRPSDUHGWRFKLOGUHQDPRQJZRPHQLQ XUEDQ0DLQODQGDUHDV:RPHQLQ=DQ]LEDUKDYHDQ DYHUDJHRIFKLOGUHQ Fertility also varies with education and economic VWDWXV:RPDQZLWKQRHGXFDWLRQKDYHPRUH FKLOGUHQWKDQZRPHQZLWKVHFRQGDU\HGXFDWLRQ YHUVXVFKLOGUHQ )HUWLOLW\GHFUHDVHVDVWKHZHDOWK RIWKHUHVSRQGHQW·VKRXVHKROG LQFUHDVHV:RPHQ living in the poorest households have an average of FKLOGUHQFRPSDUHGWRFKLOGUHQDPRQJZRPHQ OLYLQJLQWKHZHDOWKLHVWKRXVHKROGV
6.2
5.8
1991-92 1996 TDHS TDHS
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.2
1999 2004-05 2010 2015-16 TRCHS TDHS TDHS TDHS-MIS
Total Fertility Rate by Household Wealth Births per woman for the three-year period before the survey
7.5 6.5
5.7 4.5 3.1
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Poorest
Wealthiest
0HJDQ,YDNRYLFK:,+(5//&&RXUWHV\RI3KRWRVKDUH
:HDOWKRIIDPLOLHVLVFDOFXODWHGWKURXJKKRXVHKROGDVVHWVFROOHFWHGIURP'+6VXUYH\V³LHW\SHRIÁRRULQJ VRXUFHRIGULQNLQJZDWHU DYDLODELOLW\RIHOHFWULFLW\ SRVVHVVLRQRIGXUDEOHFRQVXPHUJRRGV7KHVHDUHFRPELQHGLQWRDVLQJOHZHDOWKLQGH[7KH\DUHWKHQGLYLGHG LQWRÀYHJURXSVRIHTXDOVL]HRUTXLQWLOHVEDVHGRQWKHLUUHODWLYHVWDQGLQJRQWKHKRXVHKROGZHDOWKLQGH[
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey
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Age at First Sexual Intercourse, Marriage and Birth 7DQ]DQLDQZRPHQEHJLQVH[XDODFWLYLW\RQH\HDU EHIRUH7DQ]DQLDQPHQ7KHPHGLDQDJHDWÀUVW VH[XDOLQWHUFRXUVHIRUZRPHQDJH LV\HDUV FRPSDUHGWR\HDUVIRUPHQDJH :RPHQ ZLWKVHFRQGDU\RUKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQLQLWLDWHVH[PRUH than three years later than women with no education \HDUVYHUVXV\HDUV )RXUWHHQSHUFHQWRI ZRPHQDQG RIPHQDJH LQLWLDWHVH[EHIRUH DJHDQGRIZRPHQDQGRIPHQGRVR EHIRUHDJH :RPHQPDUU\WZR\HDUVDIWHUVH[XDOLQLWLDWLRQ DWDPHGLDQDJHRI \HDUV:RPHQIURPWKH wealthiest households marry about three years ODWHUWKDQZRPHQLQWKHSRRUHVWKRXVHKROGV \HDUVDQG\HDUVUHVSHFWLYHO\ 7DQ]DQLDQPHQ PDUU\DSSUR[LPDWHO\ÀYH\HDUVODWHUWKDQZRPHQ DWDPHGLDQDJHRI\HDUV7KLUW\VL[SHUFHQWRI ZRPHQDJH DUHPDUULHGE\DJHFRPSDUHG WRRQO\RIPHQ&XUUHQWO\RIZRPHQDQG RIPHQDJH DUHLQXQLRQ PDUULHGRUOLYLQJ WRJHWKHU :RPHQLQ7DQ]DQLDWHQGWRJLYHELUWKVKRUWO\DIWHU PDUULDJHDWDPHGLDQDJHRI \HDUV:RPHQZLWK QRHGXFDWLRQKDYHWKHLUÀUVWELUWKPXFKHDUOLHUWKDQ ZRPHQZLWKVHFRQGDU\RUKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ \HDUVYHUVXV\HDUV
Teenage Fertility 2YHUDOORIDGROHVFHQWZRPHQDJH DUH DOUHDG\PRWKHUVRUDUHSUHJQDQWZLWKWKHLUÀUVW FKLOG$GROHVFHQWZRPHQZLWKQRHGXFDWLRQDUH ÀYHWLPHVPRUHOLNHO\DVWKRVHZLWKVHFRQGDU\RU KLJKHUHGXFDWLRQWRKDYHEHJXQFKLOGEHDULQJ YHUVXV Teenage childbearing also varies by HFRQRPLFVWDWXVUDQJLQJIURPDPRQJDGROHVFHQW ZRPHQLQWKHZHDOWKLHVWKRXVHKROGVWRDPRQJ WKRVHLQWKHSRRUHVWKRXVHKROGVBy region, teenage FKLOGEHDULQJUDQJHVIURPLQ0MLQL0DJKDULELWR LQ.DWDYL
Teenage Childbearing by Education Percent of women age 15-19 who have begun childbearing
52 32
34 10
Primary No Primary Secondary + education incomplete complete
Polygyny (LJKWHHQSHUFHQWRI7DQ]DQLDQZRPHQDUHLQD SRO\J\QRXVXQLRQDQGKDYHDWOHDVWRQHFRZLIH Polygyny is most common among women with no HGXFDWLRQ LQWKHSRRUHVWKRXVHKROGV DQGLQUXUDODUHDV 1LQHSHUFHQWRIPHQKDYH PRUHWKDQRQHZLIH3RO\J\QRXVXQLRQVDPRQJPHQ are also most common among men in the poorest KRXVHKROGV
5LFFDUGR*DQJDOH9HFWRU:RUNV&RXUWHV\RI3KRWRVKDUH
Page 4
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey
FAMILY PLANNING Current Use of Family Planning 1HDUO\LQ PDUULHGZRPHQDJH FXUUHQWO\XVHDQ\PHWKRGRIIDPLO\SODQQLQJ³ XVHDPRGHUQPHWKRGDQGXVHDWUDGLWLRQDO PHWKRG,QMHFWDEOHVDUHWKHPRVWSRSXODUPRGHUQ PHWKRG IROORZHGE\LPSODQWV DQGWKHSLOO $PRQJVH[XDOO\DFWLYHXQPDUULHGZRPHQDJH XVHRIIDPLO\SODQQLQJLVKLJKHU0RUHWKDQKDOI RIWKHVHZRPHQXVHDQ\PHWKRGRIIDPLO\ SODQQLQJ XVHDPRGHUQPHWKRGDQGXVHD WUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRG7KHPDOHFRQGRPDQGLQMHFWDEOHV are the most popular methods among this group HDFK IROORZHGE\LPSODQWV DQGWKHSLOO Use of modern methods of family planning by PDUULHGZRPHQLQFUHDVHVZLWKHFRQRPLFVWDWXV :KLOHRIPDUULHGZRPHQLQWKHZHDOWKLHVW KRXVHKROGVXVHDPRGHUQPHWKRGRQO\RI PDUULHGZRPHQLQWKHSRRUHVWKRXVHKROGVGR Modern method use is also higher in urban areas WKDQLQUXUDODUHDV 8VHRIPRGHUQ PHWKRGVLVKLJKHVWLQ/LQGL DQGORZHVWLQ .XVLQL3HPED 8VHRIWUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGVLV KLJKHVWLQ'DUHV6DODDP FRPSDUHGWRRWKHU UHJLRQV The use of modern family planning methods has PRUHWKDQTXDGUXSOHGVLQFHWKHÀUVW7'+6VXUYH\ IURPLQ WRLQ0XFKRIWKLV JURZWKRFFXUUHGLQWKHODVWGHFDGH³XVHRIPRGHUQ PHWKRGVDPRQJPDUULHGZRPHQZDVLQWKH 7'+6
Family Planning Percent of married women age 15-49 using family planning
32
Any modern method Injectables
13
Implants
7
Pill
6
Any traditional method
6
Current Use of Modern Methods by Region Percent of married women age 15-49 using a modern method of family planning Kagera Mara Tanzania 39% 29% 32% Mwanza Geita Simiyu Arusha Kilimanjaro 18% 13% 17% 32% 48% Shinyanga 21% Manyara Kaskazini Pemba 11% Kigoma 28% Singida 18% Kusini Pemba 7% Tabora 38% Tanga 21% 30% Kaskazini Unguja 14% Dodoma Mjini Magharibi 15% Katavi 41% 18% Pwa- Kusini Unguja 29% Morogoro ni Iringa Dar es Salaam 47% 39% 32% 34% Rukwa Mbeya 32% 45% Lindi Njombe 52% 45% Ruvuma 51%
Mtwara 50%
Trends in Family Planning Use
Source of Family Planning Methods 2YHUDOORIIDPLO\SODQQLQJPHWKRGVDUH REWDLQHGWKURXJKJRYHUQPHQWVRXUFHV+RZHYHUWKH VRXUFHRIIDPLO\SODQQLQJYDULHVE\PHWKRG:KLOH JRYHUQPHQWVRXUFHVSURYLGHRILQMHFWDEOHV the most popular method, other sources (including pharmacies, accredited drug dispensing outlets and VKRSVNLRVNV SURYLGHRIPDOHFRQGRPV
38
Any method
Percent of married women age 15-49 using family planning 50 40
Any method
30 20 10 1991-92 1996 TDHS TDHS
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey
Any modern method 1999 2004-05 2010 2015-16 TRCHS TDHS TDHS TDHS-MIS
Page 5
Demand for Family Planning 1HDUO\LQ PDUULHGZRPHQDJH ZDQW WRGHOD\FKLOGEHDULQJ GHOD\DÀUVWELUWKRUVSDFH DQRWKHUELUWK IRUDWOHDVWWZR\HDUV$GGLWLRQDOO\ RIPDUULHGZRPHQGRQRWZDQWDQ\PRUH FKLOGUHQ:RPHQZKRZDQWWRGHOD\RUVWRS childbearing are said to have a demand for family SODQQLQJ7KHWRWDOGHPDQGIRUIDPLO\SODQQLQJ DPRQJPDUULHGZRPHQLQ7DQ]DQLDLV
Demand for Family Planning Satisfied by Modern Methods by Household Wealth Among married women age 15-49, percent of demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods
'HPDQGVDWLVÀHGE\PRGHUQPHWKRGVPHDVXUHV WKHH[WHQWWRZKLFKZRPHQZKRZDQWWRGHOD\RU stop childbearing are actually using modern family SODQQLQJPHWKRGV-XVWRYHUKDOI RIWKH GHPDQGIRUIDPLO\SODQQLQJLQ7DQ]DQLDLVVDWLVÀHG E\PRGHUQPHWKRGV'HPDQGVDWLVÀHGE\PRGHUQ PHWKRGVJHQHUDOO\LQFUHDVHVZLWKZHDOWK RIWKH demand for family planning among women from the SRRUHVWKRXVHKROGVLVVDWLVÀHGE\PRGHUQPHWKRGV FRPSDUHGWRLQWKHZHDOWKLHVWKRXVHKROGVDQG LQWKHIRXUWKZHDOWKTXLQWLOH Both demand for family planning and demand VDWLVÀHGE\PRGHUQPHWKRGVKDYHLQFUHDVHGRYHU WKHSDVW\HDUV7KLVLQGLFDWHVWKDWHYHQDVPRUH women have a demand for family planning, the JDSEHWZHHQWRWDOGHPDQGDQGGHPDQGVDWLVÀHG LVJHWWLQJQDUURZHU³PRUHZRPHQQHHGIDPLO\ SODQQLQJDQGDUHXVLQJPRGHUQPHWKRGV
Page 6
63
54
39
Demand for Family Planning Satisfied by Modern Methods The total demand for family planning includes ERWKPHWDQGXQPHWQHHG0HWQHHGLVWKHSHUFHQW of married women who are currently using family SODQQLQJ,Q7DQ]DQLDRIPDUULHGZRPHQDUH XVLQJIDPLO\SODQQLQJ³XVHPRGHUQPHWKRGV DQGXVHWUDGLWLRQDOPHWKRGV8QPHWQHHG IRUIDPLO\SODQQLQJLVGHÀQHGDVWKHSURSRUWLRQ of married women who want to delay or stop FKLOGEHDULQJEXWDUHQRWXVLQJIDPLO\SODQQLQJ0RUH than 1 in 5 married women in Tanzania have an XQPHWQHHGIRUIDPLO\SODQQLQJ ZDQWWRGHOD\ FKLOGEHDULQJZKLOHZDQWWRVWRSFKLOGEHDULQJ
57
49
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest Richest
Poorest
Trends in Demand for Family Planning Among married women age 15-49, percent with demand for family planning and demand satisfied by modern methods 75 Total demand 60 45 30 15
Demand satisfied by modern methods
1991-92 1996 TDHS TDHS
1999 2004-05 2010 2015-16 TRCHS TDHS TDHS TDHS-MIS
Informed Choice Family planning clients should be informed about the side effects of the method used, what to do if they H[SHULHQFHVLGHHIIHFWVDQGWROGDERXWRWKHUDYDLODEOH IDPLO\SODQQLQJPHWKRGV$OPRVWWZRWKLUGV RIZRPHQDJH XVLQJPRGHUQPHWKRGVZHUH LQIRUPHGDERXWVLGHHIIHFWVZHUHLQIRUPHG DERXWZKDWWRGRLIWKH\H[SHULHQFHVLGHHIIHFWVDQG ZHUHLQIRUPHGDERXWRWKHUDYDLODEOHIDPLO\ SODQQLQJPHWKRGV
2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey
CHILDHOOD MORTALITY Rates and Trends
Childhood Mortality by Residence
7DQ]DQLD·VQHRQDWDODQGLQIDQWPRUWDOLW\UDWHIRU WKHÀYH\HDUSHULRGEHIRUHWKHVXUYH\DUHDQG GHDWKVSHUOLYHELUWKVUHVSHFWLYHO\7KHXQGHU PRUWDOLW\UDWHLVGHDWKVSHUOLYHELUWKV &KLOGKRRGPRUWDOLW\UDWHVKDYHJUHDWO\GLPLQLVKHG RYHUWKHODVW\HDUV,QIDQWPRUWDOLW\KDVGHFUHDVHG IURP GHDWKVSHUOLYHELUWKVLQ WR GHDWKVSHUOLYHELUKWVLQ'XULQJWKH VDPHSHULRGXQGHUPRUWDOLW\KDVGHFOLQHGIURP WRGHDWKVSHUOLYHELUWKV
Deaths per 1,000 live births for the ten-year period before the survey Zanzibar Urban Rural Mainland Mainland 87 76 63
56
47 45
44 24 28 Neonatal mortality
Infant mortality
Under-5 mortality
Trends in Childhood Mortality Deaths per 1,000 live births for the five-year period before the survey 150 120
Under-5 mortality
90 60
Infant mortality
30 1991-92 1996 TDHS TDHS
1999 2004-05 2010 2015-16 TRCHS TDHS TDHS TDHS-MIS
Mortality Rates by Background Characteristics Mortality rates differ by residence for the ten\HDUSHULRGEHIRUHWKHVXUYH\&KLOGUHQLQXUEDQ 0DLQODQGDUHDVDUHPRUHOLNHO\WRGLHEHIRUHWKHLU ÀIWKELUWKGD\ GHDWKVSHUOLYHELUWKV WKDQ FKLOGUHQLQUXUDO0DLQODQG GHDWKVSHUOLYH ELUWKVUHVSHFWLYHO\ ,Q=DQ]LEDUFKLOGUHQSHU OLYHELUWKVGLHEHIRUHWKHLUÀIWKELUWKGD\ &KLOGUHQERUQWRPRWKHUVZLWKQRHGXFDWLRQDUH PRUHOLNHO\WRGLHEHIRUHWKHLUÀIWKELUWKGD\WKDQ children whose mothers have secondary or higher HGXFDWLRQ YHUVXVGHDWKVSHUOLYHELUWKV Under-5 mortality is highest in the second wealth TXLQWLOH GHDWKVSHUOLYHELUWKV DQGORZHVW LQWKHZHDOWKLHVWKRXVHKROGV GHDWKVSHUOLYH ELUWKV
Birth Intervals 6SDFLQJFKLOGUHQDWOHDVWPRQWKVDSDUWUHGXFHV WKHULVNRILQIDQWGHDWK7KHPHGLDQELUWKLQWHUYDO LQ7DQ]DQLDLVPRQWKV,QIDQWVERUQOHVVWKDQ two years after a previous birth have high under-5 PRUWDOLW\UDWHV8QGHUPRUWDOLW\LVGUDPDWLFDOO\ higher among children born less than two years after DSUHYLRXVELUWK GHDWKVSHUELUWKV )RU children born two or more years after a previous ELUWKWKHXQGHUPRUWDOLW\UDWHLVOHVVWKDQGHDWKV SHUOLYHELUWKVIRUHDFKLQWHUYDO2YHUDOO of children are born less than two years after their VLEOLQJV
Under-5 Mortality by Previous Birth Interval Deaths per 1,000 live births for the ten-year period before the survey 112
