Supplementary Material
Taxonomic resolution, functional traits, and the influence of species groupings on mapping Antarctic seafloor biodiversity Jan Jansen*, Nicole A. Hill, Piers K. Dunstan, Marc P. Eléaume and Craig R. Johnson * Correspondence:
[email protected] 1
SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURES AND TABLES
SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 1 | Likelihood of Akaike Information Criteria (aic) and Bayesian Information Criteria (bic) for the number of species archetypes for the OTU-dataset. The global maxima of the likelihood surface are estimated using 50 iterations of the same model with random starts, and extracting aic and bic values in each of those runs.
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Jansen et al.
Mapping Antarctic seafloor biodiversity - Supplementary Material
SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE 2 | Comparison between species archetype models using operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the analysis using taxonomic (TG) and functional groups (FG). All panels show the number of OTUs within the respective species archetypes (SA), and colours indicate where these OTUs are located in either the high-resolution species archetypes (A & C) or in the species archetypes based on grouped data (B & D). Interestingly, although TG-SAs and FG-SAs share a similar number of OTUs from each of the high-resolution data SAs, around half of the species are not shared between each TG-SA and FG-SA.
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Mapping Antarctic seafloor biodiversity - Supplementary Material
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1 | Taxonomic classification of all operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified from the camera images and the number of sites these OTUs were observed.
# of sites Perkinsiana sp. 25 Polychaeta sp. 2 12 Polychaeta sp. 3 8 unidentified empty tubes 5 Polychaeta sp. 6 4 Polychaeta sp. 5 4 Polynoidae sp. 3 Polychaeta sp. 4 3 Polychaeta sp. 1 3 Sabellidae sp. 2 Terebellidae sp. 1 unidentified Sedentaria sp. 1 # of Arthropoda sites Colossendeis sp. 9 unidentified Isopoda 6 unidentified species 3 4 Crustacea sp. 2 4 Chorismus antarcticus 4 Crustacea sp. 1 1 # of Brachiopoda sites Brachipoda sp. 1 # of Bryozoa sites unidentified Bryozoa 28 Cellarinelloides sp. 15 Pemmatoporella marginata 14 Bryozoa sp. 5 13 Cellarinelloides crassus 10 Bryozoa sp. 3 9 Camptoplites sp. 1 7 Camptoplites sp. 2 6 Bryozoa sp. 1 6 Cellarinella sp. 5 Bostrychopora dentata 4 Flustridae sp. 4 Bryozoa sp. 2 2 Reteporella gelida 2 Bryozoa sp. 4 1
Annelida
Chordata Ascidia sp. 9 Ascidia sp. 5 unidentified Ascidia Ascidia sp. 3 Ascidia sp. 4 Ascidia sp. 13 Ascidia sp. 6 Ascidia sp. 12 Ascidia sp. 8 Ascidia sp. 7 Ascidia sp. 2 Ascidia sp. 11 Ascidia sp. 10 Ascidia sp. 1
Cnidaria Thouarella sp. Primnoidae sp. 3 unidentified Actinaria Pennatulacea sp. 1 Actinaria sp. 2 Ceriantharia sp. 1 Primnoidae sp. 2 Hydrozoa sp. 1 unidentified Actinaria sp. 3 Anthozoa sp. 1 Stauromedusae sp. Primnoidae sp. 1 Scleractinia sp. Hydrozoa sp. 9 Hydrozoa sp. 7 Umbellula sp. Anthomastus Errina sp. 1 Hydrozoa sp. 8 Hydrozoa sp. 4 Actinaria sp. 1 Errina sp. 2 Zoantharia sp. Hydrozoa sp. 2 unidentified Cnidaria Primnoidae sp. 4 Actinaria sp. 4 Hydrozoa sp. 3 Pennatulacea cf. Cerantharia sp. 2 Hydrozoa sp. 6 Hydrozoa sp. 10 Hydrozoa sp. 5
# of sites 23 17 17 14 12 7 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 # of sites 24 21 21 18 16 13 13 12 12 11 10 10 10 8 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 1
# of sites Lyrocteis flavopallidus 7 # of Echinodermata sites unidentified Ophiuoridea 33 Abatus sp. 31 Promachocrinus 29 unidentified Asteroidea 27 Synallactidae sp. 24 Dendrochirotida sp. 24 Notocidaris sp. 1 24 Astrotoma agassizii 22 unidentified Holothuroidea 21 Sterechinus sp. 18 Florometra mawsoni 16 Anthometrina adriani 13 Notocrinus virilis 11 unidentified Comatulidae 11 Diplasterias sp. 10 Psolidium sp. 10 Bathyplotes bongraini 8 Acodontaster conspicuus 7 Bathyplotes moseleyi 7 unidentified burying 6 Echinodermata sp. 4 5 Holothuroidea sp. 1 5 Saliasterias sp. 4 Acodontaster capitatus 4 Holothuroidea sp. 3 4 Echinodermata sp. 5 3 Perknotaster sp. 2 Cuenotaster sp. 2 Holothuroidea sp. 2 2 Echinodermata sp. 3 1 Echinodermata sp. 2 1 Echinodermata sp. 1 1 Odontaster penicillatus 1 Psilaster charcoti 1 Remaster sp. 1 Lysasterias sp. 1 Holothuroidea sp. 4 1 Notocidaris sp. 2 1 # of Mollusca sites Mollusca sp. 4 14 Mollusca sp. 2 6 Mollusca sp. 5 4 Austrodoris kerguelensis 4 unidentified Mollusca 3 Mollusca sp. 7 2 Mollusca sp. 1 2 Mollusca sp. 8 1 Mollusca sp. 6 1 Mollusca sp. 3 1 Adamussium colbecki 1
Ctenophora
3
# of sites Nemertea sp. 8 # of Porifera sites unidentified Porifera 29 Antarctotetilla cf. grandis 23 Rosalla cf. nuda 18 Cinachyra antarctica 15 Hemigellus cf. fimbriatus 15 Mycale acerata 14 Rosalla cf. villosa 12 Isodictya cf. toxophila 12 Rosella cf. fibulata 12 Guitarra cf. antarctica 11 Polymastia invaginata 11 Cinachyra/Craniella sp. 1 11 Haliclona sp. 1 10 Isodictya cf. lankesteri 10 Latrunculia cf. apicalis 9 Rosella cf.nuda 9 Stylocordyla chupachups 9 Tetillidae spp 7 Cinachyra/Craniella sp. 2 6 Calyx sp. 1 6 Inflatella belli 6 Clathria sp. 2 5 Kurikpatrickia variolosa 4 Haploscleriada spp. 4 Homaxinella cf. 4 Rossella cf. racovitzae 4 Dendrilla antarctica 3 Homaxinella cf. 3 Isodyctya sp. 1 3 Haliclona sp. 2 2 Mycale sp. 1 2 Haliclona cf. dancoi 2 Isodyctya erinacea 2 Tedania sp. 1 1 Sphaerotylus antarcticus 1 # of Unidentified sites unidentified species 2 3 unidentified species 1 2 unidentified species 4 2 unidentified species 5 1
Nemertea
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Mapping Antarctic seafloor biodiversity - Supplementary Material
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 2 | Number of OTUs within 30 categories of functional groups associated with each of the six species archetypes (SA-1 to SA-6). Functional groups are based on the traits of mobility, feeding-type and body-shape. Four OTUs with unknown functional traits are in the category “unidentified”. The last column shows the number of OTUs not sorted into any species archetype. Feeding-types: DF = deposit feeder, Opp = opportunistic, PR = predator, aSF = active suspension feeders, pSF = passive suspension feeder
Mobility
Feeding
Body-shape
SA-1 SA-2 SA-3 SA-4 SA-5 SA-6 no SA
Mobile
DF
erect simple
1
1
Mobile
DF
2
flat
1
Mobile
erect simple
1
Mobile
flat
Mobile
Opp
erect simple
Mobile
Opp
flat
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
3 1
Mobile
PR
Mobile
PR
erect simple
1
1
Mobile
PR
flat
1
Mobile
pSF
erect 3D branching
1
Mobile
pSF
erect simple
1
Sessile
aSF
ball-shaped
1
Sessile
aSF
cuplike barrel
3
Sessile
aSF
cuplike tube
1
Sessile
aSF
erect 2D laminar
1
Sessile
aSF
erect 3D branching
1
Sessile
aSF
erect simple
2
Sessile
aSF
erect stalked
2
Sessile
aSF
Sessile Sessile
2
2 2
2
2
1
1
11
4
2
1 1
1 2
2
1
1
1
2 1
1 1
1
1
4
1
1
6
1
massive
2
1
DF
flat
1
PR
Anemone
Sessile
PR
erect stalked
Sessile
pSF
Anemone
Sessile
pSF
erect 2D fan-like
Sessile
pSF
erect 2D laminar
Sessile
pSF
erect 3D branching
Sessile
pSF
erect simple
Sessile
pSF
erect stalked
Sessile
pSF
Tubeworm
4
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1 2
1
1 2
4
8
4
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
6
2
1 1
1 1
unidentified
2
TOTAL
16
4
18
18
32
18
3 1
1
48
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Mapping Antarctic seafloor biodiversity - Supplementary Material
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 3 | Number of OTUs within 27 taxonomic groups associated with each of the six species archetypes (SA-1 to SA-6). Four OTUs are in the category “unidentified” because they could not be sorted into one of the taxonomic groups. The last column shows the number of OTUs not sorted into any species archetype.
Taxonomic group
SA-1 SA-2 SA-3 SA-4 SA-5 SA-6 no SA
Annelidae
2
Ascidiacea
1
Asteroidae
1
Brachiopoda
1
3 1 2
Bryozoa
2
1
3
1
2
1
8
1
2
1
8
2
1
1
5
1
1
3
Cnidaria - Hydrozoa
1
2
3
Cnidaria - Octocorallia
1
1
2
Cnidaria - Hexacorallia
2
Cnidaria - Staurozoa
3 1
4
1
3
2
1
Crinoidae
2
Crustacea
5 3
2
2
1
1
1
Ctenaria
1
1
Echinidae
3
Holothuriae Mollusca
1 1
2
3
1
1 4 6
Nemertea
3
1
Ophiuridae
1
Porifera – Dendroceratida
1
2
Porifera – Haplosclerida
1
Porifera – Lyssacinosida
4
1
1 1
Porifera – Polymastida Porifera – Suberitida
unidentified TOTAL
2
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
Porifera – Tetractinellida Pycnogonidae
2 1
Porifera – Petrosina Porifera – Poecilosclerida
1
1 1
2
1 1
1
32
18
1 1
1
1
16
18
18
5
1
3 48
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Mapping Antarctic seafloor biodiversity - Supplementary Material
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 4 | Distribution of OTUs across the six archetypes. Shown are only those OTUs with a posterior probability greater than 0.8 of belonging to the respective archetypes.
SA-1 Ascidia sp. 13 Austrodoris kerguelensis Brachipoda sp. Chorismus antarcticus Colossendeis sp. Dendrilla antarctica Echinodermata sp. 5 Hydrozoa sp. 8 Inflatella belli Polychaeta sp. 6 Stylocordyla chupachups unidentified burying Ophiuridae unidentified empty tubes unidentified species 2 unidentified species 3 Zoantharia sp.
SA-3 Acodontaster capitatus Anthomastus bathyproctus Bathyplotes moseleyi Bryozoa sp. 1 Cinachyra/Craniella sp. 2 Clathria sp. 2 Errina sp. 1 Errina sp. 2 Haploscleriada spp. Homaxinella cf. balfourensis Kurikpatrickia variolosa Polychaeta sp. 5 Polynoidae sp. Sabellidae sp. Saliasterias sp. Scleractinia sp. Tetillidae spp unidentified Cnidaria
SA-5 Abatus sp. Antarctotetilla cf. grandis Ascidia sp. 9 Astrotoma agassizii Dendrochirotida sp. Notocidaris sp. 1 Pennatulacea sp. 1 Perkinsiana sp. Primnoidae sp. 3 Promachocrinus kerguelensis Sterechinus sp. Synallactidae sp. Thouarella sp. unidentified Asteroidea unidentified Bryozoa unidentified Holothuroidea unidentified Ophiuoridea unidentified Porifera
SA-2 Actinaria sp. 3 Anthometrina adriani Cinachyra antarctica Haliclona sp. 1 Hydrozoa sp. 9 Isodictya cf. toxophila Latrunculia cf. apicalis Mollusca sp. 4 Polymastia invaginata Rosalla cf. nuda Rosalla cf. villosa Rosella cf. fibulata Rosella cf.nuda Umbellula sp. unidentified Actinaria unidentified Ascidia unidentified Comatulidae unidentified Isopoda
SA-4 Acodontaster conspicuus Actinaria sp. 2 Anthozoa sp. 1 Ascidia sp. 3 Ascidia sp. 4 Bathyplotes bongraini Bryozoa sp. 3 Bryozoa sp. 5 Calyx sp. 1 Cellarinelloides crassus Cellarinelloides sp. Ceriantharia sp. 1 Cinachyra/Craniella sp. 1 Diplasterias sp. Florometra mawsoni Guitarra cf. antarctica Hemigellus cf. fimbriatus Hydrozoa sp. 1 Hydrozoa sp. 7 Isodictya cf. lankesteri Lyrocteis flavopallidus Mycale acerata Nemertea sp. Notocrinus virilis Pemmatoporella marginata Polychaeta sp. 2 Polychaeta sp. 3 Primnoidae sp. 1 Primnoidae sp. 2 Psolidium sp. Stauromedusae sp. unidentified Hydrozoa
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SA-6 Actinaria sp. 1 Ascidia sp. 1 Ascidia sp. 2 Ascidia sp. 6 Ascidia sp. 7 Ascidia sp. 8 Ascidia sp. 10 Ascidia sp. 11 Ascidia sp. 12 Bostrychopora dentata Bryozoa sp. 2 Cellarinella sp. Cerantharia sp. 2 Crustacea sp. 2 Cuenotaster sp. Echinodermata sp. 3 Echinodermata sp. 4 Flustridae sp. Haliclona cf. dancoi Haliclona sp. 2 Holothuroidea sp. 1 Holothuroidea sp. 2 Holothuroidea sp. 3 Holothuroidea sp. 4 Homaxinella cf. flagelliformis Hydrozoa sp. 2 Hydrozoa sp. 3 Hydrozoa sp. 4 Hydrozoa sp. 5 Hydrozoa sp. 10 Isodyctya sp. 1 Lysasterias sp. Mollusca sp. 3 Mollusca sp. 5 Mollusca sp. 6 Mollusca sp. 7 Mollusca sp. 8 Odontaster penicillatus Perknotaster sp. Polychaeta sp. 1 Psilaster charcoti Remaster sp. Reteporella gelida Sphaerotylus antarcticus Tedania sp. 1 Terebellidae sp. unidentified Mollusca unidentified Sedentaria sp.
Jansen et al.
Mapping Antarctic seafloor biodiversity - Supplementary Material
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 5 | Table of mixing probabilities for those OTUs not clearly associated with one species archetype (i.e. where tau < 0.8). The highest probabilities are highlighted in bold.
SA-1 Actinaria sp. 4 Adamussium colbecki Ascidia sp. 5 Bryozoa sp. 4 Camptoplites sp. 1 Camptoplites sp. 2 Crustacea sp. 1 Echinodermata sp. 1 Echinodermata sp. 2 Hydrozoa sp. 6 Isodyctya erinacea Mollusca sp. 1 Mollusca sp. 2 Mycale sp. 1 Notocidaris sp. 2 Pennatulacea cf. Pennatula Polychaeta sp. 4 Primnoidae sp. 4 Rossella cf. racovitzae unidentified species 1 unidentified species 4 unidentified species 5
0.001 0.232 0 0.67 0 0.348 0.216 0.005 0.67 0.217 0.003 0.344 0 0.2 0.005 0.174 0.774 0.333 0.036 0.223 0.656 0.67
SA-2
SA-3 0.698 0.195 0 0.002 0 0 0.003 0.311 0.002 0 0.577 0.518 0 0 0.311 0.792 0 0.615 0.405 0.392 0.001 0.002
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7
SA-4 0 0 0.287 0 0.488 0.64 0 0 0 0.001 0 0 0.775 0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0.008 0 0 0
SA-5 0 0 0.713 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
SA-6 0.3 0.572 0 0.328 0.512 0.012 0.782 0.684 0.328 0.782 0.42 0.137 0.225 0.799 0.684 0.033 0.226 0.052 0.55 0.385 0.343 0.328
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Mapping Antarctic seafloor biodiversity - Supplementary Material
temperature
Topographic position index
Sinking particles
Seafloor current speed
log(slope)
Slope of the seafloor
Settling particles
depth2
Seafloor tidal current speed
depth
coef. SA-1 SA-2 SA-3 SA-4 SA-5 SA-6 se SA-1 SA-2 SA-3 SA-4 SA-5 SA-6
log(flux)
Intercept
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 6 | Coefficients (coef.) and standard error (se) for each of the six species archetype (SA-1 to SA-6). Coefficients larger than the standard error are highlighted in blue.
-2.62 -1.20 -8.22 -1.22 0.40 -3.56
0.40 0.39 1.51 0.33 0.38 0.05
-1.85 -1.91 5.11 1.50 0.09 3.79
-0.31 -2.05 0.96 0.18 0.03 2.02
0.43 0.23 -2.56 -0.44 -0.08 -0.42
0.44 0.36 5.64 0.27 0.60 0.48
-0.89 -0.52 -2.83 0.84 -0.04 1.20
0.76 0.99 11.73 -0.53 -0.21 -0.65
-0.76 -0.39 0.51 0.09 0.23 0.49
-0.11 -0.45 -2.55 -0.33 -0.52 -0.47
0.81 -0.42 -2.47 -0.42 0.14 -0.41
0.31 1.19 -0.47 -0.58 -0.02 -0.27
0.24 0.12 1.68 0.10 0.08 0.26
0.44 0.26 0.71 0.16 0.19 0.24
1.22 0.62 2.42 0.48 0.48 1.13
1.18 0.69 1.52 0.59 0.57 1.05
0.27 0.21 0.97 0.12 0.14 0.23
0.58 0.38 1.62 0.17 0.23 0.24
0.78 0.51 1.06 0.35 0.40 0.62
0.66 0.45 3.12 0.21 0.26 0.29
0.62 0.31 0.53 0.21 0.24 0.37
0.39 0.26 1.07 0.16 0.18 0.26
0.39 0.26 0.84 0.20 0.19 0.42
0.38 0.30 1.42 0.21 0.24 0.44
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