Tensile Test Simulation of CFRP Test Specimen Using ... - ScienceDirect

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 267 – 273

,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ$GYDQFHVLQ0DQXIDFWXULQJDQG0DWHULDOV(QJLQHHULQJ $00(

7HQVLOHWHVWVLPXODWLRQRI&)53 WHVW VSHFLPHQXVLQJILQLWHHOHPHQWV 0D\DQN1LUEKD\D $QXUDJ'L[LWD5.0LVUDD+DUODO6LQJK0DOLE D

6FKRRORI(QJLQHHULQJ'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ*DXWDP%XGGKD8QLYHUVLW\*UHDWHU1RLGD,QGLD E 'HSDUWPHQWRI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ0DODYL\D1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\-DLSXU 5DMDVWKDQ,QGLD

$EVWUDFW 7KHSUHVHQWZRUN LQWHQGVWR SURYLGH DQXPHULFDOWRROIRUWKHHIILFLHQWGHVLJQRIWKHPXOWLGLUHFWLRQDOFDUERQILEHUUHLQIRUFHG SODVWLF&)53 PDWHULDO XVLQJ ILQLWHHOHPHQWVLPXODWLRQVRIWZDUH$%$486Š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‹ Elsevier 7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU /WG © 2014 Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). 2UJDQL]LQJ&RPPLWWHHRI$00( 6HOHFWLRQDQGSHHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RI Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014 .H\ZRUGVFDUERQILEHUUHLQIRUFHGSODVWLFVVWDFNLQJVHTXHQFHUHLQIRUFLQJPDWHULDOSO\RULHQWDWLRQFURVVSO\DQJOHSO\

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

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO (PDLODGGUHVV PD\DQNJEX#JPDLOFRP

2211-8128 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Organizing Committee of AMME 2014 doi:10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.266

268

Mayank Nirbhay et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 267 – 273

GLDPHWHUȝP7KHFU\VWDOERQGLQJRIFDUERQDWRPVDOPRVWRUH[DFWO\SDUDOOHOWRWKHORQJLWXGLQDOD[LVRIWKHILEHU PDNHVYHU\VWURQJILEHUVDVFRPSDUHGWRWKHLUVL]H 6RKQDHWDO  &DUERQ ILEHUUHLQIRUFHG SODVWLF &)53¶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Š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

)LJ 6FKHPDWLFUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIXQLGLUHFWLRQDO ODPLQD

5XOHRIPL[WXUHPRGHO 9RLJW ZDVXVHGWRFDOFXODWHWRFDOFXODWHWKHODPLQDSURSHUWLHV( ((* DQG*

Mayank Nirbhay et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 267 – 273

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Š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

)LJ*HRPHWULFPRGHORIWKHUHFWDQJXODUWHVWVSHFLPHQ

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

)LJ)(PRGHORIWHVWVSHFLPHQZLWKERXQGDU\DQGORDGLQJFRQGLWLRQV

269

270

Mayank Nirbhay et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 267 – 273

 0DWHULDO'HILQLWLRQ ,QWKHSUHVHQWLQYHVWLJDWLRQWZRGLIIHUHQWODPLQDW\SHPDWHULDOVDUHFUHDWHGRQHIRUWKHFDUERQHSR[\ DQGDQRWKHU IRUWKHJODVVHSR[\SO\ )URPWKHPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKH 7 FDUERQILEHU(JODVVILEHU DQGPDWUL[DVVKRZQ LQ7DEOH WKHHQJLQHHULQJSURSHUWLHVRIWKHVHWZRSOLHV ZHUH FDOFXODWHGE\XVLQJWKHUXOHV RI PL[WXUH7DEOH VKRZV WKHHQJLQHHULQJSURSHUWLHVRIWKHFDUERQILEHUHSR[\SO\DQG(JODVVHSR[\SO\ 7DEOH 0HFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRI FRQVWLWXHQWV &RQVWLWXHQW

(*3D

7DEOH  (QJLQHHULQJSURSHUWLHVRI&DUERQDQG(JODVVILEHUHSR[\SO\ Q

9I

7&DUERQILEHU







(JODVVILEHU







0DWUL[(SR[\YLQ\OHVWHUUHVLQ







3URSHUW\

&DUERQHSR[\

(JODVVHSR[\

( *3D





( ( *3D





* **3D





Q





7KHVSHFLPHQ ZDV PDGHXSRISOLHVRXWRIZKLFKDUHRI7FDUERQHSR[\DQGWKHUHPDLQLQJWKUHHSOLHVDUH RI(JODVVHSR[\FRPSRVLWHPDWHULDO(DFKSO\ ZDV DVVLJQHGLWVPDWHULDOUHJLRQWKLFNQHVVDQGRULHQWDWLRQDV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH  DQG 7DEOH  7KH JDXVV LQWHJUDWLRQ UXOH ZLWK WKUHH LQWHJUDWLRQ SRLQW DSSURDFK ZDV SUHIHUUHG LQ WKLV VLPXODWLRQ 7DEOH  3O\ VHTXHQFH PDWHULDO WKLFNQHVV DQG RULHQWDWLRQ RI WKH FRPSRVLWHWHVWVSHFLPHQ 3O\1R 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\ 3O\

0DWHULDOQDPH &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ (*ODVVILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ (*ODVVILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ (*ODVVILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\ &DUERQILEHUHSR[\

7KLFNQHVVP               

2ULHQWDWLRQ q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q

)LJ 3O\VHTXHQFHDQGRULHQWDWLRQRIWKHFRPSRVLWHWHVWVSHFLPHQ

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

Mayank Nirbhay et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 267 – 273

7DEOH9DOLGDWLRQRIWKHSUHVHQWPRGHO 3DUDPHWHU 5HDFWLRQ)RUFH.1 'LVSODFHPHQWPP 6WUDLQ0DMRU  6WUDLQ0LQRU 

5HVXOWVIRU6KHOOPRGHO 3UHVHQW    

/LWHUDWXUH    

5HVXOWVIRU6ROLGPRGHO 3UHVHQW    

/LWHUDWXUH    

D E )LJ D 'LVSODFHPHQWDQG E 5HDFWLRQIRUFHGLVWULEXWLRQRYHU&)53WHVWVSHFLPHQIRUVKHOOPRGHO

D E )LJ  D 'LVSODFHPHQWDQG E 5HDFWLRQIRUFHGLVWULEXWLRQRYHU&)53WHVWVSHFLPHQIRUVROLGPRGHO

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

271

272

Mayank Nirbhay et al. / Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) 267 – 273

ϱϬ

ϭϴ

;ĂƌďŽŶн'ůĂƐƐͿͬƉŽdžLJƉůŝĞƐ

ϰϱ

ZĞĂĐƚŝŽŶ&ŽƌĐĞ;