The Advantages of Post-link Code Coverage - Semantic Scholar
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The Advantages of Post-link Code Coverage - Semantic Scholar
Haifa Verification Conference 2007. What is Code Coverage? â¥A quality measurement used in software testing. â¥A quantitative way to describe the degree to ...
The Advantages of Post-link Code Coverage Orna Raz, Moshe Klausner, Nitzan Peleg, Gad Haber, Eitan Farchi, Shachar Fienblit, Yakov Filiarsky, Shay Gammer and Sergey Novikov
What is Code Coverage? A quality measurement used in software testing A quantitative way to describe the degree to which the source code of a program has been tested Feedback for improving the tests
How is Code Coverage Done? Via instrumentation Adding additional code to collect coverage data Introduce overhead on execution time Source level instrumentation is the common practice Instrumentation done during compilation For example gnu tools gcc/gcov – compilation + instrumentation lcov – for analysis Haifa Verification Conference 2007
Motivation for Post-Link Instrumentation Challenging architectures like kernel & embedded systems The current solutions (e.g. GCOV) may not address all the issues No OS facilities Non-terminating code
Integrate code coverage in all tests along the entire development cycle Same tests for coverage and functional Enables accumulation of coverage data between phases As a result, coverage: is done on actual (optimized) code (e.g. SVT) instrumentation must have low overhead The tests cycle period should be reasonable The behavior should not be affected (e.g. time outs) Haifa Verification Conference 2007
Post-link Code Coverage Characteristics Works on the running code and does not interfere with compiler optimizations The coverage data is influenced by the compiler transformation and optimization Different from source level coverage More information available Enables further reduction in instrumentation overhead
FoCuS’ Source View with Post-link Mapping switch (a) { case 1: a=a*2 break; case 2: a = a * 4; break; …. case N: a = a * 2^(N-4) break; default: a = 0; break; } c=a*b
BBS1: li cmp bgt BBS2: li cmp blt BBS3: sub ld br BBC1: shl b ….. BBCN: shl b BBD: li BBE: mul
Working with Post-Link Code Coverage At the high level same as in regular code coverage The new methodology provides a compiler transformations dictionary to help with: White lines – not in the code Due to compiler optimization No need for additional tests to cover these lines
Yellow lines – partially covered Due to the translation of language constructs (e.g. switch statement) Due to compiler optimization Haifa Verification Conference 2007
Low Overhead Instrumentation at Post-Link Motivation: integrating coverage along the entire development process More constraints as we approach shipment And beyond – at the customer site Post link – a better starting point Works on optimized code Lend itself for reducing instrumentation overhead Only covered/no-covered is needed Using self modifying instrumentation Haifa Verification Conference 2007
Conclusion Post-link code coverage is useful Can be mapped back to source code Enables compiler optimization Supported by compiler transformation dictionary In some cases post-link code coverage is better Enables integrating coverage in the development process Near shipment and beyond
More flexible for low overhead instrumentation Future work - enhancing the visual aids to improve the understanding of more complex compiler optimizations Haifa Verification Conference 2007
Line Number Information and optimization GCC man “Unlike most other C compilers, GCC allows you to use `-g' with `-O‘” xlc man “If you specify the -qlinedebug option, the inlining option defaults to -Q! (no functions are inlined).” But inline can be forced and the line-number info will be correct Haifa Verification Conference 2007
