2 The hemodynamic effects of hypothyroidism are opposite. Reflexogenic areas of the cardiovascular system, after the dis
The Cardiovascular System | Alan Noble, Robert A. Johnson, Alan Thomas | 211 pages | Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2005 | 9780443073083 A role for smad6 in development and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system, smad proteins are intracellular mediators of signalling initiated by Tgf-βsuperfamily ligands (Tgf-βs, activins and bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps)). Smads 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 are activated upon phosphorylation by specific type I receptors, and associate with the common. Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in the cardiovascular system, aTP is normally available in cells at millimolar concentrations and is buffered by intracellular pools of other high-energy phosphates, such as creatine phosphate. Thus intracellular [ATP][(ATP] i) may seem an unlikely candidate for a regulatory signal inside. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system, to understand the pathophysiology of thyroid heart disease, it is necessary to recognize that thyroid hormone has effects on both the peripheral circulation and the myocardium. One of the earliest responses to thyroid hormone administration is a decline in systemic vascular. Ambient particle inhalation and the cardiovascular system: potential mechanisms, well-documented air pollution episodes throughout recent history have led to deaths among individuals with cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Although the components of air pollution that cause the adverse health effects in these individuals are unknown, a small. The protective effects of estrogen on the cardiovascular system, the incidence of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between men and women, in part because of differences in risk factors and hormones. 1 The incidence of atherosclerotic diseases is low in premenopausal women, rises in postmenopausal women, and is reduced. Mutations affecting the formation and function of the cardiovascular system in the zebrafish embryo, as part of a large-scale mutagenesis screen of the zebrafish genome, we have identified 58 mutations that affect the formation and function of the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system is particularly amenable for screening in the transparent zebrafish. Methylation of the estrogen receptor gene is associated with aging and atherosclerosis in the cardiovascular system, objective: Methylation of the promoter region of the estrogen receptor gene alpha (ER α) occurs as a function of age in human colon, and results in inactivation of gene transcription. In this study, we sought to determine whether such age-related methylation occurs. The rat dopamine D4 receptor: sequence, gene structure, and demonstration of expression in the cardiovascular system, dopamine receptors have been implicated in a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we describe the use of the polymerase chain reaction and low stringency library screening to isolate a rat genomic clone encoding a novel dopamine receptor. Adenosine and adenosine receptors in the cardiovascular system: biochemistry, physiology, and pharmacology, cardiomyocytes and vascular cells readily form, transport, and metabolize the endogenous adenine nucleoside adenosine and act to regulate both interstitial and plasma adenosine concentrations. Cardiovascular cells also have membrane adenosine receptors. Cell. Recent progress in angiotensin II type 2 receptor research in the cardiovascular system, angiotensin II (Ang II) plays an important role in regulating cardiovascular hemodynamics and structure. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested the existence of Ang II receptor subtypes, and at least 2 distinct receptor subtypes have been defined on the basis of their. Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system, autonomic postganglionic nerves, together with local autoregulatory mechanisms and circulating hormones, directly influence cardiovascular function by regulating the rate and force of contraction of the heart and the caliber of blood vessels. These nerves in turn. Impedance cardiography as a noninvasive method of monitoring cardiac function and other parameters of the cardiovascular system, fIGURE 2. A photograph of the tape-on electrodes in place. It is important to maintain good separation between electrodcs 1 and 2. This electrode configuration is used for obtaining 1) cardiac function data and 2) changes in total fluid in the chest by observing Z,(the total. Angiotensin II cell signaling: physiological and pathological effects in the cardiovascular system, the renin-angiotensin system is a central component of the physiological and pathological responses of cardiovascular system. Its primary effector hormone, angiotensin II (ANG II), not only mediates immediate physiological effects of vasoconstriction and blood pressure. Autonomic modulation of the cardiovascular system during sleep, there are several reasons for the growth of interest in the effect of sleep on the cardiovascular system. Because about one third of human life is spent sleeping, a description of the cardiovascular changes accompanying sleep is necessary for a thorough. Effects of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system, increased or reduced action of thyroid hormone on certain molecular pathways in the heart and vasculature causes relevant cardiovascular derangements. It is well established that overt hyperthyroidism induces a hyperdynamic cardiovascular state (high cardiac output. Age and the cardiovascular system, dESPITE the decline in rates of mortality due to heart disease during the past two decades, cardiovascular disease remains the most frequent single cause of death among persons over 65 years of age. 1 2 3 It also accounts for a major and growing proportion. Nitric oxide and its role in the cardiovascular system, nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring molecule found in a variety of cell types and organ systems. In the cardiovascular system, NO is an important determinant of basal vascular tone, prevents platelet activation, limits leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system, thyroid hormone has many effects on the heart and vascular system. 1 Many of the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism are due to the ability of thyroid hormone to alter cardiovascular hemodynamics. 2 The hemodynamic effects of hypothyroidism are opposite. Reflexogenic areas of the cardiovascular system, after the discovery ofthe pulmonary circulation by Ibn-an-Nafis in the thirteenth century and by Servetus in the sixteenth century and the discovery ofthe systemic circulation ofthe blood by Harvey in 1628, arterial pressure was first measured by Stephen Hales in 1733 and then. Chronic kidney disease: effects on the cardiovascular system, accelerated cardiovascular disease is a frequent complication of renal disease. Chronic kidney disease promotes hypertension and dyslipidemia, which in turn can contribute to the progression of renal failure. Furthermore, diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of renal.
