ScienceDirect. The 22nd CIRP conference on Life Cycle Engineering ... aware that they are contingent [5] upon factors liNe industrial,. © 2015 The ... Furthermore, the nexus of the ... managing sustainability, we do not call upon only efficiency.
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia CIRP 29 (2015) 532 – 537
7KHQG&,53FRQIHUHQFHRQ/LIH&\FOH(QJLQHHULQJ
7KH&RQFHSWXDOL]DWLRQRI6XVWDLQDELOLW\LQ2SHUDWLRQV0DQDJHPHQW
'DYLG2SUHVQLN 0DUFR7DLVFK
Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO(PDLODGGUHVVGDYLGRSUHVQLN#SROLPLLW
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© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO6FLHQWLILF&RPPLWWHHRIWKH&RQIHUHQFH³QG&,53FRQIHUHQFHRQ/LIH&\FOH (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). (QJLQHHULQJ Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of The 22nd CIRP conference on Life Cycle Engineering Keywords:VXVWDLQDELOLW\VXVWDLQDELOLW\VWUDWHJ\VXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\PDQXIDFWXULQJRSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\RSHUDWLRQVPDQDJHPHQW
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³FKDUDFWHULVWLFRUH[SHFWHG EHKDYLRUDOSDWWHUQLQDSDUWLFXODUVHWWLQJ´RUDOVR³WKHIXQFWLRQ SHUIRUPHGE\VRPHWKLQJLQDSDUWLFXODUVLWXDWLRQRUSURFHVV´ >@ )XUWKHUPRUH WKH FRQFHSW KDV WR EH GHOLQHDWHG DQG SRVLWLRQHGZLWKLQWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJHQWHUSULVHZKLOHEHLQJ DZDUHWKDWWKH\DUHFRQWLQJHQW>@XSRQIDFWRUVOLNHLQGXVWULDO
2212-8271 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of The 22nd CIRP conference on Life Cycle Engineering doi:10.1016/j.procir.2015.01.038
David Opresnik and Marco Taisch / Procedia CIRP 29 (2015) 532 – 537
PDUNHWDQGOHJLVODWLYHFRQWH[W$VWKHSDSHUIRFXVHVRQWKHILHOG RI PDQXIDFWXULQJ ZKLFK LV H[WUHPHO\ UHVRXUFH LQWHQVLYH WKH DUWLFOH WDUJHWV RQO\ WKH RSHUDWLRQDO OHYHO &RQVHTXHQWO\ WKH UHVHDUFK TXHVWLRQ RI WKLV SDSHU JRHV DV IROORZLQJ ³+RZ FDQ VXVWDLQDELOLW\ HQYLURQPHQWDO ZLWKLQ D PDQXIDFWXULQJ HQWHUSULVHEHKROLVWLFDOO\GHILQHGLQRSHUDWLRQVPDQDJHPHQW"´ 7KHUHVXOWVKDYHWRSURYLGHVROLGIRXQGDWLRQVIRUUHVHDUFK,Q RUGHU WR SURYLGH WKH DQVZHU RQHREMHFWLYH LV WR EH PHW ±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x 7KHOLPLWVDUHVHWE\GHILQLQJWKHFRQFHSWVLQYROYHGZKLFK SURYLGHVWKHµEXLOGLQJEORFNV¶IRUWKHRUL]LQJ>@WKLVZLOO HQDEOHWRSRVLWLRQVXVWDLQDELOLW\LQWRWKHOHYHOVRI RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\DQGRSHUDWLRQV
533
x $IWHUZDUGVOLQNDJHUHODWLRQVKLSV DPRQJWKHFRQFHSWVZLOO EHFUHDWHG>@GHSLFWLQJWKHIRUFHVLPSDFWLQJVXVWDLQDELOLW\ DQGWKHUHODWLRQVZLWKWKHPDLQPDQDJHULDOIXQFWLRQV x 3RVVLELOLWLHVRIWKHRUHWLFDOHYROYHPHQWRIVXVWDLQDELOLW\DUH WKDQSUHVHQWHG $IWHU GHILQLQJ WKH UROH DQG LPSDFW RI VXVWDLQDELOLW\ WKXV LGHQWLI\LQJ³ZKDWLVLW´LWLVGHILQHGKRZWKLVFDQEHHIIHFWLYHO\ DQG HIILFLHQWO\ PDQDJHG )XUWKHUPRUH WKH QH[XV RI WKH SUHVHQWHG IUDPHZRUN UHOLHV RQ WKHRUHWLFDO IRXQGDWLRQ DULVLQJ IURPVWUDWHJLFPDQDJHPHQW &RQFHSWV 7KHUH DUH WZR PDLQ FRQFHSWV LQYROYHG LQ WKH DUWLFOH ±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
534
David Opresnik and Marco Taisch / Procedia CIRP 29 (2015) 532 – 537
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ositioning of Sustainability within the enterprise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± WKXV LW LV FKRVHQ ZKLFK RSHUDWLRQV DUH WR EH LPSOHPHQWHG WKHLU FDSDELOLWLHV DQG WKH SDWWHUQRIXVDJH+RZHYHUVWLOODULVLQJIURP6ODFN¶VDQG/HZLV¶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³VXVWDLQDEOHRSHUDWLRQV´DVLWLPSOLHVWKDWDQ RSHUDWLRQLVVXVWDLQLQJSHUWDLQLQJ ZKLFKGRHVQRWLQGLFDWHWKH XVXDO PHDQLQJ WKDW LV WDUJHWHG GHFUHDVH RI HQYLURQPHQWDO LPSDFW KHQFHWKHWHUP³VXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQV´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
David Opresnik and Marco Taisch / Procedia CIRP 29 (2015) 532 – 537
535
)LJXUH3RVLWLRQLQJRI6XVWDLQDELOLW\LQWKHHQWHUSULVH
HIILFLHQF\ GHGLFDWHG HQHUJ\ PRQLWRULQJ SURFHGXUHV SURGXFW GHVLJQ HWF )URP WKLV VKRUW H[DPSOH LW LV YLVLEOH WKDW WKH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RSHUDWLRQV VWUDWHJ\ LV ERXQGHG E\ WKH EXVLQHVV VWUDWHJ\ ZKLOH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RSHUDWLRQV DUH ERXQGHG E\ VXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\&RQVHTXHQWO\VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RSHUDWLRQV VWUDWHJ\ PXVW WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW WKH WDUJHWHG FRPSHWLWLYHDGYDQWDJHVFRPLQJIURPWKHEXVLQHVVVWUDWHJ\DQG WKH H[LVWLQJ FRPSHWLWLYH SULRULWLHV FRPLQJ IURP WKH PDQXIDFWXULQJ VWUDWHJ\ 7KXV LW LV VHHQ WKDW VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\LVQRWDQLQGHSHQGHQWVWUDWHJ\ $IWHU GHILQLQJ WKH SRWHQWLDO UROHV RI VXVWDLQDELOLW\ DW WKH RSHUDWLRQVPDQDJHPHQWOHYHOWKHIROORZLQJVHFWLRQDQDO\]HVWR ZKLFK RWKHU LQWHUQDO DQG H[WHUQDO HOHPHQWV LV UHODWHG WR VXVWDLQDELOLW\ LQ ZKLFK PRGH DQG KRZ FDQ WKRVH FRQFHSWV ZLWKLQ DQ HQWHUSULVH EH PDQDJHG 7KHUHIRUH WKH QH[W LV DGGUHVVHGDVWKH³PDQDJHPHQWRIVXVWDLQDELOLW\´$WKLVSRLQW WKH FRQFHSWXDOL]DWLRQ RI VXVWDLQDELOLW\ LQ RSHUDWLRQV PDQDJHPHQWZLOOEHFRQFOXGHG 4.2. Managing Sustainability 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ FDQ EH PDQDJHG DV DQ RSHUDWLRQV VWUDWHJ\ DQGRUDVRSHUDWLRQV+HQFHVXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\ DQG LWV VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RSHUDWLRQV DUH XQGLYLGDEOH DQG PXVW EH DQDO\]HGWRJHWKHUVRWRDQDO\]HKRZWKH\FDQEHPDQDJHG $Q\ LGHD VWDUWV ZLWK ILUVW PDNLQJ D VWUDWHJ\ DQG WKHQ RSHUDWLRQDOL]LQJ LW 7KHUHIRUH ZH OHDQ RQ WKH ULFK H[LVWLQJ OLWHUDWXUH RI VWUDWHJLF PDQDJHPHQW WR XQGHUVWDQG KRZ D VXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\JRHVIURPDQLGHDVWDWHWRDQ DFWXDO RSHUDWLRQ )RU WKLV +XII¶V >@ IUDPHZRUN SUHVHQWLQJ GLPHQVLRQV RI VWUDWHJLF SURFHVV UHVHDUFK ZDV XVHG 0RUH
)LJXUH6XVWDLQDELOLW\LQ2SHUDWLRQV0DQDJHPHQW
H[DFWO\WKLVPHDQVWKDWZHGLYLGHWKHSURFHVVLQWZRVHSDUDWH VWHSV VWUDWHJ\ IRUPXODWLRQ DQG LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ 6WUDWHJLF SURFHVVUHVHDUFKGHDOVZLWKWKRVHWZRVWHSV)LQDOO\IRUPXODWLRQ DQGLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI6XVWDLQDELOLW\2SHUDWLRQV6WUDWHJ\FDQ EH UHVHDUFKHG ILUVW LQ D SUHVFULSWLYH IRUP ³KRZ WKLQJV DUH GRQH´ DQGWKHQEDVHGRQWKHSUHYLRXVUHVXOWVXVLQJDQRUPDWLYH DSSURDFK ³KRZ WKLQJV VKRXOG EH GRQH´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³SODQQLQJ´ WKURXJK ZKLFK PXVW EH GHVLJQHG DOO UHOHYDQW LQIRUPDWLRQ WR SHUIRUPWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQZKLFKLVWKHVHFRQGVWHS,QWKLV VWHSWKHSODQLVH[HFXWHG7KHIRUPXODWLRQRIWKHVWUDWHJ\LVLQ WKHGRPDLQRIWKHVXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\ZKLOHWKH DFWXDO LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ LV WDNLQJ SODFH LQ WKH ORZHU OHYHO RI RSHUDWLRQV7KHIRUPXODWLRQVWHSDQVZHUWKHNH\TXHVWLRQV 7KHILUVWRQHLV³:KHUH´LQWKHYDOXHFKDLQ ±7KHSODFHRI LPSDFW RI WKH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RSHUDWLRQV VWUDWHJ\ KDV WR EH GHILQHGLWLVWKHFRUHLQIRUPDWLRQXSRQZKLFKUHVHDUFKHUVDQG PDQDJHUVFDQGLUHFWWKHLUVHOYHV+RZHYHULWKDVWREHGHILQHG LQVXFKZD\LWZLOOEHXQGHUVWDQGDEOHWRPDQDJHUVDVZHOODV WHFKQLFDO VWDII WKXV PDNLQJ D VRUW RI ³EULGJH´ EHWZHHQ WKH VWUDWHJLFDQGRSHUDWLRQDOZRUOG7KLVFDOOVXSRQWKHGHVLJQRID GHGLFDWHG VXVWDLQDELOLW\ WD[RQRP\ HQFRPSDVVLQJ WKH HQWLUH
536
David Opresnik and Marco Taisch / Procedia CIRP 29 (2015) 532 – 537
PDQXIDFWXUHU¶V YDOXH FKDLQ ,W ZRXOG QRW SURYLGH RQO\ D FRPPRQPHDQLQJEXWPRUHRYHULWZRXOGUHSUHVHQWVDEDVLVIRU IXUWKHU FODVVLILFDWLRQ DQG DQDO\VHV WKURXJK ZKLFK QHZ LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW DUH QRW YLVLEOH DW WKH ILUVW JODQFH FRXOG EH GHULYHGIRULQVWDQFHJURXSVZKLFKDUHEHVWFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\WKH ³JHVWDOW´RIWKHFRPPXQDOLWLHVWKH\VKDUH>@8QIRUWXQDWHO\ VWXGLHVXVLQJWD[RQRPLHVWRFKDUDFWHUL]HWKHVWUDWHJLFSRVWXUHRI RSHUDWLRQV DUH OLPLWHG >@ DQG WKH RQH GHGLFDWHG WR VXVWDLQDELOLW\LQPDQXIDFWXULQJDUHDVIDURXUNQRZOHGJHJRHV QRQH[LVWHQW6XFKWD[RQRP\ZRXOGDOVRHQDEOHUHVHDUFKHUVWR OLQNWKH³ZKHUH´ZLWKWKH³KRZ´ZKHUHPDQDJHPHQWLVPRUH LQWHUHVWHG LQ WKH ILUVW TXHVWLRQ ZKHUHDV WHFKQLFDO H[SHUWV DUH PRUH UHODWHG WR WKH VHFRQG TXHVWLRQ 7KXV VXFK WD[RQRP\ FRXOG EH VHHQ DV WKH EULGJH EHWZHHQ PDQDJHPHQW DQG RSHUDWLRQV7KHVHFRQGTXHVWLRQLV³:K\´±7KHPRWLYDWLRQIRU LQWHJUDWLRQ RI WKH VXVWDLQDELOLW\ VWUDWHJ\ PXVW EH FOHDU LW FDQ DULVHIURPWKHOHJLVODWLYHHQYLURQPHQWDQGUHVXOWDVFRPSOLDQFH WR UHJXODWLRQ FDQ PRWLYDWH WR D FRVW UHGXFWLRQ VWUDWHJ\ RU VXSSRUWLQJDJURZWKVWUDWHJ\7KHWKLUGRQHLV³:KDW´±:KDW VXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVSURFHVVHV DUHQHHGHGWRH[HFXWHWKH VXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\KDVWREHLGHQWLILHG$JDLQDW WKLVSRLQWDFRPPRQUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIWKHDFWLYLWLHVWKURXJKRXW WKH PDQXIDFWXUHU¶V YDOXH FKDLQ LV QHHGHG VR WR EH DEOH WR SLQSRLQW WKH RSHUDWLRQV WKDW DUH JRLQJ WR EH DIIHFWHG E\ WKH FKDQJH 6XFK FRPPRQ UHSUHVHQWDWLRQ VKRZV DOVR D EDVLV IRU FRQWUROOLQJ DQG PRQLWRULQJ 7KH IRUWK RQH LV ³:KR´ LQ WKH YDOXH FKDLQ ± :KLFK VWDNHKROGHUV DUH LQYROYHG WKLV LQIRUPDWLRQLVGHULYHGDIWHUGHILQLQJWKHSODFHRILPSDFWDQGWKH RSHUDWLRQV LQYROYHG DV RQO\ WKHQ WKH DPRXQW RI FKDQJH LV NQRZQ7KHILIWKLV³+RZ´WRRUJDQL]HWKLVSURFHVV %DVHGRQWKRVHDQVZHUVQRWRQO\PDQDJHUVFDQHDVLHUGHVLJQ WKHLURSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJLHVEXWDOVRUHVHDUFKFDQGHVLJQUHVHDUFK WRROV OLNH W\SRORJLHV 7KH WZR PRVW HVVHQWLDO TXHVWLRQV LQ VXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJLHVLQWKHSODQQLQJSKDVHDUHWKH ³ZKHUH´³ZK\´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± WKLV V WKH SULFHEDVHG SULRULW\ RI PDQXIDFWXULQJ VWUDWHJ\ &RQVHTXHQWO\ PDQDJHUV LQ WKLV FDVH FDQFKRRVHDVXVWDLQDELOLW\VWUDWHJ\RIHQHUJ\HIILFLHQF\LQWKH PDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVWKDWZLOOUHGXFHFRQVXPSWLRQRIHQHUJ\ RSWLPL]HWKHSURFHVVZKLOHLQFUHDVLQJWKHFDSDELOLW\WRUHGXFH SULFH&RQVHTXHQWO\DOOWKHOHYHOVDUHVXSSRUWLYHDPRQJHDFK RWKHUWKXVDOLJQHG7ZRW\SHVRIDOLJQPHQWDUHSUHVHQWLQWKLV SURFHGXUH)LJXUH
x ,QWHUQDODOLJQPHQW±ILUVWWKHEXVLQHVVVWUDWHJ\KDVWREH DOLJQHGZLWKPDQXIDFWXULQJVWUDWHJ\>@LHTXDOLW\ PDQXIDFWXULQJIOH[LELOLW\GHOLYHU\HWF ZKLOHWKHODVWKDV WREHDOLJQHGZLWKVXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\LHV x ([WHUQDODOLJQPHQW±ILUVWWKHOHJLVODWLYHHQYLURQPHQWLI LWVXSSRUWVDVSHFLILFVHWRIVXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVLWLV ZRUWKFRQVLGHULQJLW6HFRQGO\WKHPDUNHWFRPSHWLWLRQ ZKHUHRQHFDQEHQFKPDUNLWVHOIDJDLQVWFRPSHWLWLRQRQDQ H[LVWLQJPDUNHWDQGREWDLQQHZLQVLJKW7KLUGO\WKH LQGXVWU\VSHFLILFVKRXOGEHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW :LWKWKRVHLQIRUPDWLRQIURP)LJXUH PDQDJHUVFDQVXSSRUW WKHLU SURFHGXUHV IRU SODQQLQJ VXVWDLQDELOLW\ VWUDWHJLHV +RZHYHU DV IDU DVRXU NQRZOHGJHJRHVQR NQRZOHGJHEDVH OLQNLQJ EXVLQHVV PDQXIDFWXULQJ DQG VXVWDLQDELOLW\ VWUDWHJ\ LV SUHVHQW WKXV OHDYLQJ WKH FRQFHSW RI 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ RSHUDWLRQV PDQDJHPHQWILJXUH DQGLWVGHGLFDWHGSURFHGXUHIRUSODQQLQJ VXVWDLQDELOLW\VWUDWHJLHVILJXUH DWDFRQFHSWXDOOHYHO
)LJXUH3URFHGXUHIRUSODQQLQJ6XVWDLQDELOLW\2SHUDWLRQV6WUDWHJLHV
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
David Opresnik and Marco Taisch / Procedia CIRP 29 (2015) 532 – 537
KHOS PDQDJHUV RI PDQXIDFWXULQJ HQWHUSULVHV WR VXSSRUW WKHLU SODQQLQJSURFHGXUHRIVXVWDLQDELOLW\VWUDWHJLHVILJXUH $V VHHQ WKH WZR PRVW UHOHYDQW TXHVWLRQV WR EH DGGUHVVHG ZKHQSODQQLQJDVXVWDLQDELOLW\RSHUDWLRQVVWUDWHJ\LVWRLGHQWLI\ WKHEXVLQHVVPRWLYDWLRQ³ZK\´ DQG³ZKHUH´LQWKHYDOXHFKDLQ VKRXOGEHWKHLPSDFW+RZHYHUWKRVHUHVXOWVDUHRQFRQFHSWXDO OHYHO DQG D FOHDU OLQN EHWZHHQ EXVLQHVV VWUDWHJLHV PDQXIDFWXULQJ VWUDWHJLHV DQG VXVWDLQDELOLW\ RSHUDWLRQV VWUDWHJLHVKDVWREHHVWDEOLVKHG7KLVUHTXLUHVWRLGHQWLI\KLGGHQ SDWWHUQVDQGUHODWLRQVFRQVHTXHQWO\FUHDWLQJWKHOLQNEHWZHHQ WKH³ZK\´DQGWKH³ZKDW´ $FNQRZOHGJHPHQWV 7KLV ZRUN KDV EHHQ SDUWO\ IXQGHG E\ WKH (XURSHDQ &RPPLVVLRQ WKURXJK WKH 3URMHFW FITMAN: Future Internet Technologies for MANufacturing (No. 604674) 7KH DXWKRUV ZLVKWRDFNQRZOHGJHWKH(XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQ 5HIHUHQFHV >@
>@
>@
>@
>@ >@ >@
>@
>@
>@ >@
>@ >@
>@ >@
>@
0%HUQV$7RZQHQG=.KD\DW%%DODJRSDO05HHYHV06 +RSNLQVDQG1.UXVFKZLW]³7KHEXVLQHVVRIVXVWDLQDELOLW\ZKDWLW PHDQVWRPDQDJHUVQRZ´{MIT} Sloan Manag. Rev.YROQR SS± 0 - (SVWHLQ DQG 0- 5R\ ³6XVWDLQDELOLW\ LQ DFWLRQ,GHQWLI\LQJ DQG PHDVXULQJ WKH NH\ SHUIRUPDQFH GULYHUV´ Long Range Plann. YROQRSS± / % &UX] ( È 3HGUR]R DQG 9 GH ) % (VWLYDOHWH ³7RZDUGV VXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWVWUDWHJLHV $FRPSOH[YLHZIROORZLQJWKH FRQWULEXWLRQRI(GJDU0RULQ´Manag. Decis.YROQRSS± -DQ ³2[IRUG (QJOLVK 'LFWLRQDU\´ Oxford University Press >2QOLQH@$YDLODEOH KWWSZZZRHGFRPYLHZ(QWU\"UVNH\ %YOJ UHVXOW HLG>$FFHVVHG$XJ@ -5*DOEUDLWKDesigning complex organizations$GGLVRQ:HVOH\ 3XE&R 3 ' 5H\QROGV Primer in Theory Construction $OO\Q %DFRQ S 0 *DUHWWL DQG 0 7DLVFK ³6XVWDLQDEOH PDQXIDFWXULQJ WUHQGV DQG UHVHDUFKFKDOOHQJHV´Prod. Plan. ControlYROQR±SS± 0 6WDULN DQG 3 .DQDVKLUR ³7RZDUG D 7KHRU\ RI 6XVWDLQDELOLW\ 0DQDJHPHQW 8QFRYHULQJ DQG ,QWHJUDWLQJ WKH 1HDUO\ 2EYLRXV´ Organ. Environ.YROQRSS±0DU 66FKUHWWOH$+LQ]06FKHUUHU5DWKMHDQG7)ULHGOL³7XUQLQJ VXVWDLQDELOLW\LQWRDFWLRQ([SODLQLQJILUPV¶VXVWDLQDELOLW\HIIRUWVDQG WKHLULPSDFWRQILUPSHUIRUPDQFH´Int. J. Prod. Econ. 1 6ODFN ³2SHUDWLRQV VWUDWHJ\ ZLOO LW HYHU UHDOL]H LWV SRWHQWLDO"´ Gestão & ProduçãoYROQRSS± $ %HWWOH\ DQG 6 %XUQOH\ ³7RZDUGV 6XVWDLQDEOH 2SHUDWLRQV 0DQDJHPHQW,QWHJUDWLQJ6XVWDLQDELOLW\0DQDJHPHQWLQWR2SHUDWLRQV 0DQDJHPHQW 6WUDWHJLHV DQG 3UDFWLFHV´ LQ Handbook of Performability Engineering SE - 53.0LVUD(G6SULQJHU/RQGRQ SS± /0&RUEHWW³6XVWDLQDEOHRSHUDWLRQVPDQDJHPHQW$W\SRORJLFDO DSSURDFK´J. Ind. Eng. Manag.YROQRSS±-XO ( ( $GDP DQG 3 0 6ZDPLGDVV ³$VVHVVLQJ 2SHUDWLRQV 0DQDJHPHQWIURPD6WUDWHJLF3HUVSHFWLYH´J. Manage.YROQR SS±-XQ 16ODFNDQG0/HZLVOperations Strategy3UHQWLFH+DOOS 6 *XSWD DQG 2 ' 3DOVXOH'HVDL ³6XVWDLQDEOH VXSSO\ FKDLQ PDQDJHPHQW 5HYLHZ DQG UHVHDUFK RSSRUWXQLWLHV´ IIMB Manag. Rev.YROQRSS±'HF 0(3RUWHU³:KDWLVVWUDWHJ\"´Harv. Bus. Rev.SS±
>@ >@
>@
>@
537
$ 6 +XII DQG 5 . 5HJHU ³$ 5HYLHZ RI 6WUDWHJLF 3URFHVV 5HVHDUFK´J. Manage.YROQRSS±-XQ ' 0LOOHU DQG 3 + )ULHVHQ ³675$7(*