Proceeding International Seminar on Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education
MATH-07107
The Development of Mobile Learning Application to Increase Pedagogical Competence of Mathematics Teachers in Banten Aan Hendrayana and Cecep Anwar Hadi Firdos Santosa Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Article info Keywords: pedagogical competencies, mobile learning applications, Mathematics Teacher in Banten. Corresponding Author: Aan Hendrayana a) Cecep Anwar Hadi Firdos Santosa b) Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Jalan Raya Jakarta km.4 Pakupatan, SerangBanten a)
[email protected] [email protected]
b)
Abstract 6WXGHQWV¶ VXFFHVV LQ PDWKHPDWLFV is determined by the mathematics teacher who has a good pedagogical competence. The achievement of pedagogical competence requires a mathematics teacher development. This development need to be effective and efficient. For that reason, we need some innovative ways to achieve an effective and efficient of cognitive development to improve the competence of teachers. One of innovative waysin this era is involving the learning resources. The efficient learning resources are resources that closer and familiar to the teacher in various regions of Banten. As we know, the device that almost teachers have is smartphone.This learning resources need to be designed and developed by pedagogical experts through somestages of assessment and development. The method of this study useresearch method which is developed by Borg and Gall (2003).There are ten step of this methods, the first five steps have been done until this paper UHSRUWHG $V D UHVXOW DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH H[SHUWV¶ HYDOXDWLRQ WKLV PRELOH DSSOLFDWLRQLVVXLWDEOHWRLPSURYHWHDFKHUV¶SHGDJRJLFDONQRZOHGJH7he best appreciation comes from media expert, followed by content and learning expert.
INTRODUCTION Various efforts to improve the professional competence of teachers have been done. However, the quality of teachers in Indonesia still not satisfying. This is evidenced by Initial Competency Exam for teachers who will get Professional Teacher Education and 7UDLQLQJLVQRW³SRVLWLYH´[1]. It is also; according to the findings of the National Education Standards Agency that there are certain areas that is identified to have a good quality of education was only 60% of teachers who have a good ability[2]. Likewise, [3] states that the lack of mathematical skills of students due to the lack of trained teachers. This fact was confirmed by the Minister of Education and Culture that the quality of teachers in Indonesia is still low[4]. One of the efforts to increase the professionalism of teachers are deepening their pedagogical abilities. Good pedagogical abilities will have implications on the ease teachers in designing and delivering appropriate learning situations in the classroom. However, not all teachers could absorb, understand, and implement effective learning situation. Several variables need to be explored by the teacher to overcome this situation. Deepening pedagogic competency requires process such as training and workshops in long period of time. On the other word, its need sustainability. However, this has implications on the cost of which is not less when training and workshops conducted conventional. For that, we need innovative ways to solve this problem. One of the innovative efforts to solve the above problem is to utilize the smartphone or in other words create a smartphone based training. The reason for using this tool because a smartphone is well known for this era, especially for most teachersin Banten. Another reason, the smartphone can access learning resources via Internet, according to [5]the
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benefits of the Internet for education is the ability to get a huge information and as a media to collaborative working. In addition, the uses of internet facilities are not limited by space and time, so that the exchange of information and knowledge can take place anywhere and anytime. Meanwhile, internet access in Banten is easy to do with the cost affordable by the teacher. Computer-Based Applications Products of technology, especially computer-based, have an important role in growing the proficiency of learners, especially in the pedagogical material. The products of this technology can represent different pedagogical concepts ranging from simple concepts to the complex. These concepts are displayed in a computer application designed into products in a variety of tools that allows the display of such products. By using the computer-based products students can freely create and analyze these concepts. Based on studies by[6],A computer application which is designed with deep thinking can bring many positive impact.It may display repetitive presentation dynamically than with static media, such as a book or a blackboard. The advantages of computer application are the ability to display the educational process in energetic, dynamic visual display, especially for pedagogic. Pedagogic learning with the use of computers will allow teachers deliver course material which is dealing with graphics, pictures, video, and interactivity. Computers can present it as a visual form that can be observed and studied by the learners. Mobile Learning Application Mobile learning was defined as distance learning that bridges learning directly and indirectly[7]. Mobile learning is called directly and indirectly because these mobile devices can be accessed in the classroom and outside the classroom. Mobile applications are very popular. This is because the increase in mobile phone technology, both in terms of hardware and software, is growing fast.In this era, the phone hardware specification is similar with computer. For example the processor of cell phone is built with quad core processor. Besides, mobile phone screens are already adapting retina display (technology that makes it very convenient) so that our eyes do not get tired. Mobile phone which is adapting the computer technology is called a smartphone. Powerful capabilities on smartphones makes this tool can be used for various necessities of life, as well as a computer, even betterits device can be carried anywhere (because of the size).Teachers can learn and think anytime and anywhere about pedagogical competence knowledge and mathematic topic which is represented in application that installed in their device. By this way, we said that this learning application is the innovative learning device. METHOD The method used in this research is the developmental research. According to (Borg & Gall, 2003, pp. 783-795)the approach to Research and Development (R & D) in education includes 10 steps, which is: 1. Preliminary Study a. Analysis of needs: to perform a needs analysis there are several criteria: 1) Is the product/model that will be developed is important for education? 2) Does the product / model has the possibility to be developed? 3) Is there a human who has the skills, knowledge, and experience that will develop the product? 4) Is it time to develop a product/model is adequate? b. Literature: literature study conducted for the temporary introduction of the product/model to be developed. Literature study was undertaken to gather research
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Proceeding International Seminar on Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education
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findings and other information pertinent to the development of products/models planned. c. Small Scale Research: developers often have questions that cannot be answered by referring to the research study. Therefore, developers need to conduct small-scale research to find out some things about the product / model to be developed. Planning Research: the research plan. R & D planning is the study includes: 1) formulate research objectives; 2) estimate the funds, manpower and time; 3) formulating the qualifications of researchers and other forms of participation in the study. Design Development: These steps include: 1) Determine the product design/model to be developed (hypothetical design); 2) determine the research facilities needed for research and development process; 3) determine the stages of the implementation of the design in field trials; 4) define the job description for the parties involved in the research. Preliminary Field Test: This step is a test of a product / model on a limited basis. These steps include: 1) conduct initial field testing of the product design / model; 2) is limited, both the substance of the design nor the parties involved; 3) The initial field test performed repeatedly to obtain a decent design, both the substance and methodology. Revised Limited Field Test Results: This step is an improvement model or design based on limited field testing. Main Field Test: a step test product / model on a wide scale. These steps include: 1) testing the effectiveness of the design of the product; 2) testing the effectiveness of the design, in general, to use experimental techniques models; 3) Results of field trials is obtaining effective design, both in terms of substance and methodology. Revision of Wider Field Test: This step is the improvement of the product/model after more extensive field tests. Feasibility: This step is done on a large scale. These steps include: 1) to test the effectiveness and adaptability of product design/model; 2) test the effectiveness and adaptability design involves prospective users of a product/model; 3) The field test results are obtained design model is ready for use, both in terms of substance and methodology. Revised Final Feasibility Test Results: This step will further refine the product / model that is being developed. Final Product Dissemination and Implementation: report on the results of R&D through scientific forums. Distribution of products/ models made after a phase of quality control. RESULTS
Research has produced mobile applications to enhance the pedagogical competence of PDWKHPDWLFV¶ WHDFKHU LQ %DQWHQ 7KHUH DUH D ORW RI inputsand recommendations from materials/contents, educational, and media expert to the product being developed. The interface has built show in Figure 1.
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Proceeding International Seminar on Mathematics, Science, and Computer Science Education
Figure 1. Welcome screen Mobile Learning Applications Content expert advice: first assess the suitability of the material with the purpose of the description of mobile learning applications and second assess the accuracy of the material. The suitability of the material description shall be composed of: (1) the completeness of the material, (2) the breadth of the material, and (3) the depth of the material. The accuracy of the material shall be composed of: (1) the accuracy of the concepts and definitions, (2) the accuracy of the principle, (3) the accuracy of procedures and algorithms, (4) the accuracy of the sample, and (5) the accuracy of the matter. The final results are shown in figure 2. /HDUQLQJ H[SHUW¶V DGYLFH ILUVW DVVHVV SUHVHQWDWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV DQG WKH VHFRQG DVVHVV completeness of the presentation. Techniques presentation of the material shall be composed of: (1) systematically presentation, (2) coherently presentation, and (3) coherently and integration of each topics. Meanwhile, the completeness of the presentation shall be composed of: (1) section predecessor, (2) part of the contents, and (3) the concluding section. The final results are shown in Figure 3. 0HGLDH[SHUW¶VDGYLFH ILUVWDVVHVVWKHSK\VLFDOVL]HRIWKHPRELOHDSSOLFDWLRQDQGWKH second assess the content of the application design. The physical size consists of: (1) compliance with the standard electronic media, (2) compliance with the content, and (3) can be accessed with standard latest technology. Meanwhile, the design of the contents shall be composed of: (1) consistent layout, (2) the layout does not interfere with comprehension, (3) elements of the layout of harmony (margin, the distance between the text and illustrations, and suitability of shapes and colors), (4) typography simple (letter variations, both the type and model). The final results are shown in Figure 4.
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Assessments of the user, in this case the prospective teachers of mathematics in Banten, provide standard input, namely: if the application can be made even better. After further explored obtained answers that it is new to them and they do not have a better comparison. DISCUSSION The best appreciation comes from media expert, followed by content and learning expert. This result is reasonable. Mobile learning application is a new learning resource in the education community. Users need an adaptation from conventional learning resources (face to face) to this new resource. It is suitable with [9] that said there is a long process of
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an innovation better accepted in the community. Meanwhile, people who are critical and not easily accept such a change is on academics. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This is an ongoing research, on this stage, the application has built and assessed by experts. There are several aspects have to improve, especially in content and learning aspects. Next research, we are going to conduct research to test whether this application has good impact or not. The effectiveness test can be measured in two ways, first measure the increase before and after. Both comparing treatment between the uses of the applications and without. The next study will involving mathematics teacher in Banten, this application firstly performed on prospective teachers of mathematics. The data collection techniques include: tests, interviews, questionnaires, and test competencies related to mobile learning and interactive electronic books. REFERENCES
[9]
,$NXQWRQR³7DN/XOXV8.$5LEX*XUX,NXW'LNODW0DVVDO´Kompas, Jakarta, 2012. A. Majid, Perencanaan Pembelajaran Mengembangkan Standar Kompetensi Guru. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011. 7,006³7,0665HVXOWV´ 0.'HZLPHUGHND³0HQJNKDZDWLUNDQ.XDOLWDV*XUX,QGRQHVLDVHSHUWL$LU .HUXK´Tempo, Bandung, 2015. %5DKDUGMR³3HPDQIDDWDQ7HNnologi Informasi di Perguruan Tinggi. Makalah dipresentasikan pada acara Sosialisasi mengenai implementasi penerapan UU No. 7DKXQWHQWDQJ+DN&LSWD´%RJRU 36'&KHQ$'/DPEHUWDQG.5*XLGU\³(QJDJLQJRQOLQHOHDUQHUV 7KH impact of Web-EDVHGOHDUQLQJWHFKQRORJ\RQFROOHJHVWXGHQWHQJDJHPHQW´ Comput. Educ., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1222±1232, 2010. -:DNHILHOG/0LOOVDQG$:DNHILHOG³*HQGHU'LIIHUHQFHVDQG0LGGOH6FKRRO 6WXGHQWV¶9LHZVRI6PDUWSKRQHDQG6RFLDO0HGLDIRr Learning, Social Connection, DQG(QWHUWDLQPHQW´LQProceedings of World Conference on EdMedia 2014, 2014, pp. 684±690. W. R. Borg and M. D. Gall, Educational Research: An Introduction. London: Longman Inc., 2003. E. M. Rogers, Diffusion of Innovations, Third. New York: Free Press, 1983.
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