well defined genes which determine well defined dilscrete ... several genes r,robably act in concert to bring about any kil)d of behaviour. ... text book example.
/U13S/ Indian Chapter
Newsletter
Technical THE
actively
of
BASIS
what
of
extent
strong
the
Sociobiology fingers
on
not at all complex
the
a1'
several
behaviour
in
the
brood
is
sometimes
killed
uncap
cells
strains
of
remove
honey by
me/litera,
for
this
bee
control the
appropriately
and
well
defined
the
more
is
what
but
behaviour kil)d
of behaviour. study
fail to ch~ck
of
Apisme//itera
Normally
spread
has
is a very
Rothenbuhler's
'.
to put
behaviours
4,111-123).
foulbrood
"unhygenic",
dilscrete
by
Zool
even
which
any
been
of another
been obvious,
about
1964
control
time
become
that because
(Amer.
thereby
called
always
has
as the Father
behaviour
has
in
"American
the
has
of
to bring
provided
since
behaviour
must be
question
be considered
evolution
me/litera
called
pupae
of
act in concert
Apis
might
determine
this
This
especially
behaviour
was
a disease
diseased
who
for
r,robably
to
Galdon
which
reason
genes
and
influence
genes
exception
"hygenic'"
Apis
defined
determined?
Darwin
genetic
theories
genes
The main
important
the
genetic
well
phenomenon,
Francis
in
That
genetically
Charles
namely
of
about.
singte
and
of
Interl3st
been easy.
An
behaviour
time
Darwin
advent
is
animal
since
genetics.
with
1988
BEHAVIOUR
is
Erasmus
behaviour
our
OF
investigated
grandson
Sept.
Section
GENETIC To
Vol 2, No.2
of
worker
bees
infection.
infection
Some
by this metAod,
\
Rothenbuhler
crossed
1. that
he
for
Uncapping could
remove
"hygenic"
them
of the cells
produce and
with
bees
similarly
"unhygenic"
and re~oval
which bees
bees
of
uncapped which
and
the
fells
diseased
of
removed
discovered
brood
disease
diseased
two
can be
containing
pupae
interesting
if
dissociated
pupae he
facts:
but
uncapped
so
did the
not cells
them, 2.
By
behaviour
was
diseased
brood.
the
familiar
controlled He also
genetic
technique
by two
genes,
showed
that
of back-crossing, one
for
Rothenbuhler
uncapping
"hygenic"
and
behaviour
was
showed
another
that
for
dominant
"hygenic"
removal
over
of the
"unhygenic"
behaviour. Although reasons
to
believe
suspected,.
'the
text
book
and
studied
complex the
4
genetic
further
amongst
bee
control
It is
rather
because
behaviour.
honey
studies
of
that the underlying
example.
phenomenon share
subsequent
The Apis
namely
genetic
of
hygenic
phenomenon behaviour
that
was
an
excellent
situation
has
now
been
a variety
of
the
genetic
or division of
complex
of
in
been
honey
example remedied
basis labour. tasks
of
of with an
It is well such
difficult
more complex
the "unhygenic"
this
me/litera,
have
is probably
behaviour
unfortunate
"Polyethism"
themselves
this
than
bees'
has
strain
could
the
genetic
the even
and
known
as nest-building,
are
Rothenbuhler
become
a standard
not be maintained control
discovery, more
there
once
complex
that honey nursing
of fairly again
in
behavioural bee workers brood,
food,
"storage,
foraging
Workers
change
etc.
Sharing
their
some workers
of work
behavioural
roles as they
are more likely
division
of labour
brought
thought
to be
exclusively
worker
honey
bees
or division
to perform
about?
Untill
environmentally
has a genetic
of
grow
older
tasks
recently
behavioural
is the
than
message
and
Vol. 333,
queen
consisted
sample
sample
bees picked
randomly
consisted
Frumhoff time
This certain
bees,
and Baker
of
the
importantly
again
as 17 before
she returns
queen create
such
genetic
be a better
way
published
in
and P. C, Frumhoff
these
to the
nest while
by
daughters their
of daughter.
such colonies:
the
task
they were performing;
nest entrance;
bee is known colony
might
different
artificially
simpler
almost
be more
behaviours, colony
likely
genetic
system
several
different
then
such
queen
that
for
bees of one but such
for
pre-disposition studies
for
on behaviour
perplexing
aspect
Intuitively
of
the
on~ might have thought
with
genotypes
Why should
each other and make of bees have different
mating
by the queen may
organisation. RAGHAVENDRA
Centre
bees, but
by electrophoresis
of egg-laying.
multiple
male
males, sometimes as manY
to co-operate
that
bees fathered
nest-mates,
an otherwise
among her. daughters?
Repeating
equally by both patrilines.
atleast
her career
the third
by a different
inseminating
of grooming
model
explain
fathered
and they found
of, or
to mate with
and begins
and
By eleGtrophoresing
distinguishable
in the task
help
however,
efficient
those
are performed
might
the first sample
result that the worker
not only
determination
results
If it is true,
of ensuring
the
nest-mates
heterogeneity
performing
patrilines
of bees in each group.
the surprising
makes honey bees an ideal
daughters
life harmonious. for
among
inseminating
of what behaviour
composition
to specialise
genetic
The queen
similar
made
likely
as feeding
More
bee biology.
was
by artificially
distinguishable
g~arding
colonies
produce
This more
once
propensities
set up
used would
behaviours
that genetically
also
itself.
were
up with
dead
behaviours
genetics.
they came
to remove
evidence
recent paf}ers
honey bee colonies
irrespective
the genetic
to guard
are significantly
very common
is such
variability
the task of clearing the nest of dead bees.
likely
colour
How
among workers
pp. 356-358
40 bees each from
which
more
the drones
but by body patriline
colony
of bees
determined
were
more likely
honey
of about
ten times,
by some males
this
samples
bees, they
his experiment
experimental
electrophoretically
of bees that were performing
of these
were
three
of 'control'
the second
all
Page established
that she produced
Then they collected
workers.
pp. 358-361).
and
bees such
means.
a given age class
variation
of two
1988 (G.E. Robinson and R.E. Page Jr" Vol, 333,
Robinson
other
by two
That such behavioural
Nature in May J, Bdker.
is achieved
and even within
certain
induced.
basis
labour
Ecological
SciencEs.1
ndian
Institute
of Science
GADAGKAR
Bangalore-560
012
5
