The genus Theodoxus in South-western Anatolia ...

M o liu sca

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The gen u s Theodoxus in South-western A natolia, Turkey (G astropoda, Prosobranchia, N eritidae)

by H artw ig Schütt and Ridvan Şeşen

A b stra c t: T w o s p e c ie s o f T h e o d o x u s b elo n g in g to d ifferent su b g cn c ra o c c u r in S W -A n a to lia . T h e dis­ tr ib u tio n o f T h e o d o x u s (T .J held reich i is discussed an d a new su b sp e c ies (T . heldreichi flu v ic o la ) is d e sc rib e d . K u rz fa ssu n g : I n S \V - A n a to lic n k o m m c n zw ei A rte n d cr G a ttu n g T h e o d o x u s vor, die z u v crsch icd cn cn U n tc rg a ttu n g c n g c h ö rc n . D ie V c rb rc itu n g bcider A rte n tn dicscm G c b ic t w ird d a rg c stc llt u n d cine n c u c L 'n tc ra rt ( T . h e ld re ic h i flu v ic o la ) b csch rieb cn . K ey w ords: G a s tr o p o d a , P ro s o b ra n c h ia , N e ritid a e , T heodoxus. ta x o n o m y , T u rk e y , A n a to lia .

In an e a r l ie r p a p e r (19S9: 39-46) we showed that species o f both sub ge nera o f T heodoxus o c c u r in S E -A n ato!ia: Theodoxus s.str. M o ntfo rt, 1S10 and N eritaea R o th , 1S55. A f te r a n e x a m in a tio n o f o u r material from S W -A n ato lia, particularly that collected by P ro f . B i l g i n , we can state th at a t least two species occur in western T u rk e y w hich a re a lm o st identical with each other and w hich can be distinguished o n ly by e x a m i n a ti o n o f the in ner parts o f the operculum . T h e species with a peg (apo ph ysis) o n th e in n e r side o f the o perculum is Theodoxus (N eritaea) anatolicus (R ec lu z , 1S41), w hich ha s mo great variability in the form o f th e shell and w hich can be recognized w ith so m e experience by the equally ro u n d e d surface o f its shell, w ith o u t e x a m i n i n g the rrrorphology o f the inner parts o f th e o p ercu lu m , an d by the c o lo u r p a tt e rn o f the sheH. O n the other h an d , the n om en cla to ria l status o f the spe­ cies w i t h o u t a p e g has on ly just been clarified. T h e species w ith o u t a peg ha s a som ewhat pointed apex a n d first w ho rl, an d a clearly p r o t r a c t e d and so m e w h a t elongated end o f the last whorl as well as o f the m o u t h . In th e s e respects it resembles Theodoxus ( T .) Jluviatilis fro m T h ra c e as wellas T. ( T . ) sa u lcyi (B o u rg u ig n at, 1852) from the Aegean Islands and T. ( T . ) heldrei­ chi ( M a rte n s , 1 8 7 9 ) the type-locality o f which is Asia M i n o r ('K lein -A s ien '). T h e locus ty picu s restrictu s o f this species was fixed by SCH ÜTT ( 1 9 6 5 : 4 6 ) as th e litoral o f th e B eyşehir G ö lü , 5 km S W o f Beyşehir, because individuals occur there with shells t h a t c o r r e s p o n d well with the diagnosis, and d im en sion s given by M a r t e n s ( D ia m . m aj. =

11 m m ). S im ilar anim als o f com parable d im en sion s live in th e Hoy-

r a n - E g ird ir G ö l ü and ca n be found in the Q uaternary sedim ents o f the K o n y a basin an d o f th e A cıgö l. It is k n o w n t h a t species o f the subgenus Theodoxus s.str. are no t at all restricted to th e co a sta l a re a s o f lakes, but can live in a variety o f ha b itats such as rivers, b ro o k s an d s p rin g s, so m e tim e s even beyond the estuaries in brackish waters o r lim an e lakes. A s th ey need the oxygen co nten t o f the w ater to be high, they clearly p refer cold w aters. So we p resum e that Theodoxus ( T. ) heldreichi does not live only

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Z o o lo g y in th e M iddle p.ast 6, 1992

Fig. 1. I- T h e o d o x u s ( T .) heldreichi heldreichi (M a rte n s). Beyşehir G ö lü , N E sh o re n e a r K ircli. -2T h e o d o x u s ( T .) h eld reich i f.u vico la n. ssp ., G ö k y o l K ö y ü kaynagi, k a rs t a re a (b e tw e en D in a r a n d Ç ivril). H o lo ty p c . 3- T h eo d o xu s ( T . j hcidreichi heldreichi (M a rte n s), fro m Q u a te r n a r y sed im en ts (era-, vel p it b y th e ro a d 3 k m n o rth o f Ç u m ra to w a rd s Ç a ta l H üyük). All sh ells x 3.5. P h o to g r a p h by W . H o iio r s t .

in the lakes o f the Pisidian lake district, but also at many o t h e r places in south-w est A n ato lia. In d e e d , the shells never reach t!he dimensions o f th e a n im als in the lakes, bu t they are clearly related to the form s fo u n d in the lakes an d are con nected with th e m by tr a n s it io n stages. We therefore designate the anim als o f this area w e s f o f the Pisidian lakes as:

Theodoxus (T h e o d o x u s) heldreichi fluvicola n. ssp. H o lotype: S M F (Senckenberg-M useum Frankfurt a.M.) 309.439. Between D in a r and Çivril: G ö k y o l köyü kaynağı, karst area (316). Paratypes: S M F 309.440 and a series o f 16 further specimens collected at the same locality as th e holo type. D iagnosis a n d D escription: T h e shells o f these animals differ fr o m the n o m in a l s u b ­ species T heodoxus ( T . ) heldreichi heldreichi (M artens. 1S79) by th eir sm aller d im e n s i­ on s and by th e ir norm ally black co lo u r, which is nevertheless on ly superficial; after rem oval o f th e up perm ost black layer, either by rubbing o r by erosion th ro u gh

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artificial m ethods, a p ic t u re em erges o f a reticulate o r decussate black c o l o u r p a tte rn on a yellowish-white g r o u n d ; in this case the inner parts o f the a p e rtu re as well as the op erculum are yellowish in co lo u r; the colour pattern varies c o n sid erab ly in rela­ tion to the form and s h a p e o f the netw ork, but it resembles th a t o f the n o m i n a l su b ­ species in spite o f b ein g n o rm a ll y m u c h more contracted; a violet-coloured tin g e as in T. Jluviatilis was n ev er observed. D im en sion s o f the h o loty pe: thickness (D) = 6.0 m m ; width (Br) = 5.5 m m . M aterial (the n u m b e r in p a ra n th e se s are voucher nu m b ers in BlLGlN 1967 a n d 19S0): Çötel köyü kasmağı (317); Y apagılı = Çerkez köyü kaynağı (315). Ç a rd a k : G e m iç köyü kaynağı, S o f A cıg ö l (311); G e m iç gölcük, S o f Acıgöl (312). Betw een Ç a r d a k an d D inar; Sarıkavak, kayın pınarı on northern shore o f Acıgöl (313). B etw een A kşehir an d Çay; U l u p ı n a r köyü kaynağı (262). Between Şarkikaraağaç a n d Beyşehir: Feleköy kaynağı (33S). Between Finike, Kaş and Elmalı: Finike deresi (362); G e r m e dalyanı deresi (363); E lm alı parkı su kanalı (356). Between D a la m a n a n d K em er: K oca Çay near K e m e r (121); A kkaya near D alam a n (124). Milas: D e g irm e n d e re (114). Aydın: A k çaşeh ir köyü (106). İzmir: Güzelbahçe (59); Alaçati nehri (S4).

Affinities Theodoxus (T h eo d o xu s) h eldreichi heldreichi (Martens, 1879) T h e n o m in a l subspecies in h a b its lakes and is known from Beyşehir G ö l ü , E ğ ird ir G ö lü , H oyran G ö lü a n d fr o m Q u a te rn a r y sediments o f the Acıgöl a nd o f th e K o n y a - Eregli G ö lü near Ç u m r a and H o ta m ış (SCHÜTT 1991: 133, plate I, Fig. 2). i Theodoxus (N erita ea ) una lu licu s (Recluz, 1841) We take this o p p o r t u n i t y to pub lish the localities known to us in .this a re a w here Theodoxus (N eritaea) anatolicus (R ecluz, 1841) is to be fou nd , an d to s u m m a r i s e ' the m in a m ap (F ig. 2), w h ich su pp lem en ts o u r previous m a p (SttltÜTT & Ş e s e n 1989: 42). Between D in a r and Çivril: Bucağı 10 K m E o f Çivril (320). A ntalya: Boga Ç a y W A ntalya: brooklet b etw e en K a r a d a ğ and Çatmada® W A ntalya; D ü d en b a şı kaynağı, Kırk göz or Döşemealtı N A n ta ly a (352). Between Fethiye and Köyceğiz: İnlice köyü kaynağı (369). D enizli: İncili p ınar (297); Akpınar (29S); Fesligan p ın a r (300); K u şp ın ar (301); İçm e suyu kaynağı (302); G ö kp ınar (303). Between D en izli an d Ç ardak: Böceli köyü (306); K o c a b a ş köyü (307). Selçuk: Çakal G ö lü (277). İz m ir (city): Buca nehri (53); O l d u r u k çiftlik (54); Belen köyü (55); Devili köy (61). İz m ir (Torbalı): Pancar köyü (63); A y ra ncılar köyü (88); K u şçub u rn u köyü (85). İz m ir (K em alp aşa): K arabel (47); F etrek köyü yolu (49). İzmir (Şcferihisar): B u lg u rcu köy (65); K arak o c (69). İz m ir (U rla): U rla iskelesi (71); H an im çiftlik (77); O. E rek ul çifteler (78). İzmir (Ç eşm e): lldiri köyü (S2). Between Manisa and T u r g u tl u : N i f deresi (226). Manisa: I h c a p ın a r kaynağı; Akpınar kaynağı. Bergama: Ilıça d e re (17).

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Z o o lo g y in th e M id d le h a st 6, 1992

Fig. 2. D is trib u tio n o f T h e o d o x u s h eld reich i, T. a n a io licu s a n d T . aliened in w e ste rn T u rk ey .

F o r further localities se^ B i l g i n (1 9 6 7 : 2 0 ) . T h ere are technical reasons for the large n u m b er o f localities in the Iz m ir area. In the Denizli basin, on ly anatolicus w as fo u n d , b ut n o t heldreichi. N o differences in h a b ita t c an be recognized except thay^heldreichi an d flu vico la require a so m ew h at higher oxygen c o n te n t in the w ater tharv does anatolicus, an d sö prefer cooler sp rin gs a nd stro ng ly flowing waters.

Theodoxus (T h eo d o xu s) a lten a i Schiitt, 1965 A third species is en d em ic to T urkey. Theodoxus (T h eo d o xu s) altenai Schiitt, 1965 was found only at Kırkgöz G ö lü near Y e n ik ö y no rth o f Antalya. It is well d ifferen ­ tiated from the o th e r species discussed h ere by its larger dim ensions, a different shap e o f its shell a n d a clear reticulate c o l o u r pattern.

Glossary: çay = b ro o k ; d ere = bro ok let; köy = village; kaynak = spring; p m a r = spring; nehir = river; su = w ater; çiftlik = ' farm.

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R eferences Bll.GlN, F . H . (1967): İzm ir Civarı Tatlı Sularında Y a şa y a n G a s t r o p o d l a r Üzerinde S is tem atik ve Ekolojik Araştırmalar. Ecological an d S y ste m atical research on th e living g a stro p o d s in fresh waters in the vicinity o f İzm ir. - Ege Üniversitesi F e n F ak ü ltesi İlmi R ap o rlar serisi, 36: 1 - 54, T a f. 1-3. B o rn o v a , İzmir. B i l g i n , F. H . (19S0): Batı A nadolu'nun baz: önemli tatlı s u la rın d a n to p la n a n M o l­ lusca tü rlerin in sistematiği ve dağılışı . Systematics and d is tri b u ti o n s o f M o l­ lusca species collected from some fresh waters o f W est A n a t o l i a . - Diyarbakır Ü niversitesi T ip Fakültesi dergisi, S(2) Supplem ent: 1 - 64. D iy arb a k ır. M a r t e n s , E. v o n (1875-1879): Die G attu n g A’critina. In: M a r t i n i & C h e m n i t z , S ystem atisch es Conchylien-C abinet II, 10: 1 - 64, 1875; 65 - 144, 1S77; 145 208, 1878; 209 - 303, 1879. Nürnberg. S c ı ı Ü l T , H . (1965): Z u r Systematik und Ökologie tü r k is c h e r Süûsvasserprosobranch ier. — Z o olo gisch e Mededeelingen 41: 43 - 72, Leiden. S c h ü t t , H. (1986): T h e dissemination o f Theodoxus species in G re e c e including the island s (M o ll. Prosobranch.). - Biologia G allo-hellenica 12: 2S3 - 290, Athens. H . (1991): Fossile Mollusken dreier an ato lisch er Ovas. — A rc h iv fur Mol-

SCHÜTT,

lu s k e n k u n d e 120: 131 - 147, Frankfurt a.M. H . & R. Ş e s e n (19S9): Theodoxus in so u th -e a s te rn A n a to li a , Turkey ( G a s t r o p o d a , Prosobranchia, Neritidae). - B asteria 53: 39 - 46, Leiden.

SCH Ü TT,

A u th o rs ' addresses: D r. H artw ig Schütt, HaydnstraBe 50, D -4000 D ü sseld orf-B enrath. - G ö r . Ass. Rıdvan Şeşen. Dicle Üniversitesi, F e n -E d e b iy a t F ak ü ltesi, Biyoloji B ö l ü m ü , D iya rba kır, Turkey.