The Historical Expansion of Private Forest (Hutan Rakyat) in ...

THE HISTORICAL EXPANSION OF PRIVATE FOREST (HUTAN RAKYAT) IN GUNUNG KIDUL DISTRICT YOGYAKARTA PROVINCE W. Wardhana, A.Bomantara and S.F Sugiarto 1)

Faculty of Forestry Gadjah Mada University Author email : [email protected] Phone and Whatsapp : +628122956957

FOREST MANAGEMENT IN JAVA HP : Perum Perhutani, Local Government(1 4,1%)

Hutan rakyat : Private / Community (?)

HL : Perum Perhutani, Local Government (5,4%)

HK : Forest Conservation Office (BKSDA), National Park (3,8%)

BRIEF ABOUT PRIVATE OR COMMUNITY FOREST   

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Tree Outside Forest (FAO) Agroforestry forms Planted and managed by a farmer (land owner) sometimes managed by the community (at sub village level or cooperative institution) Harvested depend on farmer demand (wish) (PKHR, 1999) It Supplies more than 70% of wood raw materials to furniture industry, plywood industry etc. in Java (based on LPF Project 2005)

OBJECTIVE Develop the baseline of Private Forest as a starting point of next further research at more Higher detail (District Level)  Find The relation between LC (remote sensing terminology) and LU (field site terminology)  Understand the historical development of Private Forest based on Remote Sensing Change Detection Analysis since 1970’s up to 2010’s (40 years) 

METHODS 

Remote Sensing Change Detection focus on Private / Community Forest  removed the state forest in analysis --- Post Processed Analysis (Jensen, 2004)   

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Data Collected (use any available data)    

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Each image is classified independently, reducing preprocessing need Resulting classifications are compared to identify change Change detection results affected by accuracy of input classifications

Landsat Data 1970s/80s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010 EO-ALI (free available) 2006, 2009, 2010 ALOS AVNIR (15m) and SPOT (10m) for multistage sampling Google Earth Georeferenced Stiched Images for multistage sampling

Each imageries (groups) were classified based on Landuse/Landcover standard (23 classes) - Ministry of Forestry (MoF) Private/Community forest land uses are being selected under the basis of on standard (MoF) terminology and the definition to be analysed in relation with the field fact Sampling Design Strategy to answer relation LC and LU

DATASETS AVAILABLE

SELECTED LANDUSE/LANDCOVER TYPE: Using Remote Sensing Data is always limit in spatial context (pixel) which representation the form of vegetation configuration in the field. In general the form of private / community forest in the field is based on agroforestry implementation, therefore we only consider some selected landuse/landcover type as following list  Dryland Forested area ≈ Alas (full trees mixed species sometimes mixed with crops but small area)  Forest Plantation ≈ Alas (full trees one or more species and age)  Dryland Agriculture ≈ Tegalan (trees mixed with crops managed)  Dryland Agriculture mixed with shrub ≈ Tegalan (tree mixed with crops managed)  Shrub ≈ Alas (full trees spreaded and low potency – un managed well)  Perkebunan ≈ Alas (full trees single age and single species)

Removed the State Forest Area

Identify the landcover types that has wooded vegetation

Water body

Private Forest Identification Identify the wooded vegetated type vs non wooded vegetated type

PRIVATE / COMMUNITY FOREST LANDUSE TYPE VS A VIEW FROM IMAGERY SPOT 5 XS (10) ALOS AVNIR (10m)

Private forest landuse type : Tipe Alas

Landsat TM (30m)

-Dryland Forested area ≈ Alas (full trees mixed species sometimes mixed with crops but small area)

TIPOLOGI HUTAN RAKYAT VS KENAMPAKAN VISUAL CITRA Private forest landuse type: Tipe Tegalan

SPOT5 XS (10) ALOS AVNIR (10m)

Landsat TM (30m)

Shrubs

Private forest landuse type : home garden mixed

Dryland mixed with shrubs

Dryland agricultyre Setllement mixed

Landcover/landuse terminology : –Forest Plantation ≈ Alas (full trees one or more species and age) –Dryland Agriculture ≈ Tegalan (trees mixed with crops managed) –Dryland Agriculture mixed with shrub ≈ Tegalan (tree mixed with crops managed

GROUNDCHECK AND SAMPLING DESIGN (STRATIFIED MULTISTAGE SAMPLING STRATEGY)

Landcover Settlements (Pm) Dryland Agriculture (Pt) Dryland Agriculture mixed with shrubs (Pc) Total

Total sample (points) plots 20 31 39 90

Home Garden Dryland Agriculture

Settlement

W. Wardhana, A. Bomantara and S.F Sugiarto 2011

Figure 4.3. An Example of Multi stage sampling design using Google Earth Premium Imageries. It shows a relation between landcover category and landuse category (field).

SOME RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 12.5m DEM

EO-ALI

Dryland Agriculture mixed with shrubs = Alas

Kelas pertanian lahan kering campur semak merupakan pendekatan terhadap terminologi alas. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa kelas ini berada jauh dari areal pemukiman dan tidak terlihat aktivitas pertanian yang intensif. Berdasarkan data lapangan, pola tanam full trees memiliki persentase 25,64% dan 74,36% untuk pola tanam alley cropping . Pola tanam full trees terdistribusi secara teratur maupun acak dengan jarak tanam yang tidak tentu. Disisi lain, Pola tanam alley cropping yang ada di kelas ini tidak terlalu memperlihatkan aktivitas pertanian yang intensif, yaitu menanam jenis tanaman pangan ketela pohon diantara semak belukar.

S.F. Sugiarto, 2011

Dryland Agriculture = Tegalan

Terminologi tegalan diidentifikasi melalui pendekatan kelas penutupan lahan pertanian lahan kering. Tegalan berada pada lokasi yang tidak terlalu jauh dari pemukiman dan memperlihatkan aktifitas pertanian dengan intensifitas yang tinggi. Pola tanam yang digunakan pada kelas ini adalah alley cropping (77,42%), trees along border (19,35%), dan full trees (3,23%). Intensifitas kegiatan pertanian yang tinggi terlihat dari tidak adanya semak belukar diantara tanaman pangan yang dibudidayakan. Untuk daerah dengan kelerangan datar memanfaatkan pola tanam trees along border. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa aktifitas pertanian dilakukan sangat intensif dimana vegetasi berkayu ditanam pada batas-batas kepemilikan lahan saja.

S.F. Sugiarto, 2011

Settlements = Home garden

Areal pemukiman menjadi areal potensial hutan rakyat yang dikenal dengan terminologi pekarangan. Berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan, vegetasi berkayu berada di sekeliling rumah (trees along border). Pola tanam yang digunakan pada kelas ini adalah trees along border (100%). Berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan, ada dua tipe pemanfaatan lahan di pekarangan, yaitu menanam vegetasi berkayu di sekeliling rumah tanpa tanaman pangan dan menanam vegetasi berkayu disertai dengan penanaman tanaman pangan. Pada dasarnya kedua pilihan ini tergantung pada kondisi lahan dan kondisi sosial-ekonomi pemilik rumah. Sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui fenomena tersebut.

S.F. Sugiarto, 2011

A RELATION BETWEEN LANDCOVER (REMOTE SENSING VIEWS) AND LANDUSE (FIELD GROUND SAMPLING VIEWS)

From groundcheck data analysis We found that 1. settlements class are equal with home garden type in the field (90%) correct 2. Dryland Agriculture class as Dryland Agriculture type (tegalan) (93.6% correct) 3. Dryland agriculture mixed with shrubs as Dryland agriculture but dominated with full trees or mixed with woody planted but not managed well (97.4% correct) S.F Sugiarto (2011)

HISTORICAL CHANGE IN MAPS 2010 1970s 2000 1990 1980s

EXPANSION OF PRIVATE FOREST IN MAPS 1970

1980

2000

1990

2010

HISTORICAL CHANGE IN LULC AREA Addition of New Private Forest

1970-1980

1980-1990

1990-2000

LULC Area Change Total per 10 years period

2000-2010

BRIEF IN DETAIL HISTORICAL CHANGE IN MAPS (EACH PER 10 YEARS PERIOD) 1970-1980

1990-2000

1980-1990

2000-2010

HISTORICAL MAGNITUDE OF LULC CHANGE IN GRAPHICAL FIGURES (PER 10 YEARS PERIOD)

1970-1980

1980-1990

1990-2000

2000-2010

BRIEF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE FOREST BASED ON ZONING (GEOMORPHO MAPS) USING 2010 DATA Diagram Kelas Penutupan Lahan di Tiga Zona Kabupaten Gunungkidul 70

60,2

60 53,1

Pemukiman (Pm)

Persentase ( % )

50

46,6

38,2

40

Pertanian Lahan Kering (Pt) 31,9

31,6

30

20

Pertanian Lahan Kering Campur Semak (Pc) 15,2

15,0

10

8,2

0 Batur Agung

Ledoksari

Zona

Kapur Selatan

LAST REMARKS 

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The multistage sampling strategy using link between medium resolution and higher resolution imageries can give a links between landcover terminology and landuse terminology in the context of explaining and identification of Private Forest. The Post change processed methods can explain the historical change of Private forest Historical change analysis shows and prove the existing of Private Forest and Expanded way as part of the environment, economic and social dynamic in Gunung Kidul Districts  How can we learnt and have some lesson how we can managed our environment (from bareland up to green) In case in Gunung Kidul compare with State Forest area (2%), it is true that the landcover in Gunung Kidul District is dominated by the Private Forest Landcover

BEFORE IT ENDS.....>>>>>

NEXT HOMEWORK 

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Adding the model for estimating the C-Stock (ton/Ha) per LULC  Dynamic of C-Stock (Model for REL) Develop the LULC Model to understand the phenomena (Some LULC model available)  Cellular Automata Model  Agent Based Model

External factors

Socio-economic factors

Farmer decision

Crop management

LULC

SOME EXAMPLE GRAFIK TAKSIRAN POTENSI VOLUME HUTAN RAKYAT

2000000.00 1500000.00

ALAS

1000000.00 TEGALAN

500000.00 0.00

PEKARANGAN Vol. Minimal (m³) Vol. Maksimal (m³)

PEKARANGAN TEGALAN ALAS

Vol. Minimal (m³) 351251.06 810236.79 1292834.53

Vol. Maksimal (m³) 491065.98 987191.99 1603053.58

SOME EXAMPLE 

C-Stock Calculation (from Ground Measurement) and Allometric Equation (Average) (W. Wardhana and S.F. Sugiarto, 2012) Settlements 23.86 ton/ha  Dryland Agriculture 20.80 ton/ha  Dryland Agriculture mixed with Shrubs 31.42 ton/ha 

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REL General Estimation (since 70s or 80s) using Historical adjusted or Forward Looking Model – Future can be interesting as a case especially for Java.