The HuGS Platform: A Toolkit for Interactive Optimization

4 downloads 56044 Views 1MB Size Report
We provide simple and general vi- ... Keywords human-computer interaction, search, optimization. 1. ... simple and general visual metaphors that allow users to fo- cus and ..... force the search engine to explore new areas of the search.
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES http://www.merl.com

The HuGS Platform: A Toolkit for Interactive Optimization

Gunnar W. Klau, Neal Lesh, Joe Marks, Michael Mitzenmacher, Guy T. Schafer

TR2002-08

December 2002

Abstract In this paper we develop a generalized approach to visualizing andrapid development of humanguided search systems. ´ AVI02

This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. c Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., 2002 Copyright 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

MERLCoverPageSide2

Submitted November 2001.

The HuGS Platform: A Toolkit for Interactive Optimization           "!#%$'&  (  ) +*,- . )-+/0%123 4%5 -+/  #5 $5 6 , *HFJI%ST 87 - 9 :& D A6N J: / D" (:(G-  > D$ : >: a->.O.%QA*O D 4&% ):N8 D A6N J: / D-O+ (:1OR9+r4O%$ :9 : )A& ?/ A  / D\ \ (::$? 6  w$? r9C QV 48/&x?5>pu$% $%(:-4O/&‚4:$%-  8DM%( 6?4d 4 k--O3/0 1C5

  -  .?4x4O%(::N :%%*B .E 6 )h\C  +?*B 4‚ QV DcO:Ql-Q 4O:.i E $%R& D$? ‚9CRE ?N%(:?4_5 f ‚€9 ( $E1X  - 6: &QX 4 4O(:DB& $ %% G* 4}&$%-.i QX'q D \%% +?4X9+X6 (:%5M!0& :g% B&6 (C:q\Di \C :  (G}& 3 J-Ql9C D" E4'&8$%- . QX >& D>\( $%?4_5 !0& X\O:QV D‚) ([:Lhe-((:([ DRQV D +t - %. L\C  9(: /&  -> cO$%%?4O: )}& 34:.E $%L( :QXE D: # 5[pr? 6& > D

XQX: :QX:g? D: h\9(:%Q 9+a& ?J: )}& L) N (n9C8VQX: :QX:g% &  J- QR9C  - k- ((:(:?4w  - %.%5u!0& a%$% 4 6w) (: lQX:  QX:g%& 4:.E $%E ?N%(:?4_¤O9 -[  D(/q %Oq9C  0 e-((:("QX L  - %.& tVE 6%(n(:%%5R!0&  l Dl :QX $% .E : +V $? D\ $ :b‡(::QXE D: %5Å!0& t\O9 (:%Q‰   -  $E& (:(:% ): )O*_& ?/0% ?*C9C%$? D- L3: JN(:N >9CD&t- 9  (  $ i : t D 4V-8QX:  QX:g? 6: #5 !0& & %0¹³ ·b¸'¿kà D\ \( :$? 6:  # q:QX\ (:?4 : L +&o\O %: Oi e ( 4: )x\9(:%QA*o- : )d& &+ 4J\& 9:$ i~&J4J\ &:( :$VQXJ4 ( : +J4- $ ?4z9+‡^3:(:(}‘ ŽD¡„5 f z&:aQXJ4O%(Y*>&d \ -Oa:h …'i  - % $%lD QX: h D$% 43%\O%% +: )A \D%: #5X;o $E&u DQX: 

$ |4u:( 9C%(:?4w DR%& l&+4O \ &9 :$XDR&+4O \ & (::$5rÆY i 4'R& RQXJ4%(Y*n&a: \-$% - ( 4w QX\(u9C t9 :  6u.: ) %\O%% +: )3/& '&  M? $E&V $ |4X: l&>  -% $ >:o&+ 4J\&  i 9 :$XDR&+4O \ & (::$5 Èz!0& X  -% $ X > QX: A $ |4ORQR- .L9C \ ( D$%?4y ‡ ‚):N% y)% QX …x& D}& A 6A x6N ( \Oi \ : )d QX: d D$% 4R 4ut& DR 46 $ % +X QX: t $% 4Ol: u&   -  $%q 6q 46 D$%% +?5"Z M/00$%  4'o&0) QX LD&  /[  ib4:QX% :  D(!0& )N D(/0Dib4:QX% :  (O( D:$%0&0\ 9 (:%Q :"Œ3ni & 6E4{‘ ?¡„5yj-l|E QX /[ 1w? D:(:y D\ \ (::%l‚ D D: }- $E&

3 D )-( DL)  4O8 8QXDl$% QX\ (: ctQXJ4O%(:3 [ + E D$ :  9C b/0%% V 4D. $%% +0 QX: L D$% 4%5M;o% l& >9C%.M1J ?/ X& %-O:.i :$ (:)D:&QX4OX D D\ \C? 6$% \ D9 (:*C: t) %  E D(Y*C o(:J: ) \ 9 (:%QX}9 ?4… v  -  $%%l 3 a&O- 4J?4… QX: x $% 4O ‘ ' ¡„5[,  c QX\ (:3:>& ?/ h: t€
2. lAPPLICATIONS & :"%$ : #*N/[>9O: † R4AND  $ :9CTERMINOLOGY k-O0 D\ \ (::$? 6  M _-O

f . O.%QA*G/& :$E&x/:(:([ X L c QX\(:%t4O%$ :9C}& e- $ i :  (:dD[ -8.O.%Q : t& L%QV : 4O 3DM&:3\ D\C ?5pr

D(:l: +J4- $  D9 .E D$ : M& D0 (:(:?/Å L- eDQœ4O%$ :\:

Dn& %L D 4Ve--O8 \\ (::$? D: %5 !0&h²n¹³D»E»¿eà 3 \\ (::$? D: h  ) E D\ &(| %+ -\O9 (:%Q ‘ TD¡#

/&:$'&8& n) N D(+ G DE D )o J4O%G D#qQX: :QX:g%$% .E : +%* L& 60$% E D:

9RQR- .89CX\O+$%%?4u u$% E D rQV $E& : %89C'e VD&  %5 ,>(   6 %(+*_  %N'}. 9‚QV %h %?4AX- t x N AQV 6i $E& : 5oj-n|E QX /[ 1L$? D }? :(R9C0 cJ% 4O?483& D 4(:0-$'&  D 6  %5 ÈujM$%-OR& \9(:%Q :3Œ"i~& DE4d 4d: 4%?4  N% l$% %"/&  )    ”I6¥3 Dq'cO QX%(l4O X$%- (n3 (:N : a\E $' $ 5M€  QXD3  V& 3&:.   a c DQX\ (:3 " -> D\ \ (::$? 6  t:>&?/ A: t€»'³  ¶J·Y¿„³ Ã8& ) :N% r\O9(  QA5V,œn %: u (:-: G*BeD c QX\ (:*#: h(:+$? Di

l  4\O e  $%%1J ?/ a9J & 8- %5q,4 4O::  (:(+* k QX. \\ (::$? D: %*C>:\C  9(: }$ % D}¿eÃ%Ä?¸¾ »¿ *  ¸[(:-: /& :$'&aJ  ( D8QX8D&a\O9(  QA5u€ D} c DQX\ (:*o t^3%(::N w (:-:

QV %w cO$%%%4…&h4O .E D $%h$% .E : +?*0  ‚n %: ‡ (:-:

QV %V D4O%$ :9CL l\O\C >\ 6 € DX? $E&y \ \(: $% D: v/0h& ?Nh4O%:) ?4y ‚ XD\C  9(: ´X³DÀ ¸'»E*M RE .e QV 6: l …(:-: %5…,>\ \ (O: )d tQX6N  X(:-: d\OJ4- $ %3 X '/” ( -O: #5€ D3 c QX\(:*: t&  ‹ 9 &  \#*nPM: )O*o 4‚^3%(::N x \\ (::$? D: %*n }\C  9(: QX6Nd:hy./0 \ /[‡ 4D D$%% +t \C E D: %*8 J4O%%*3Dt$%-.i QX'%*[%\C%$' %(+5{€ DX& A^3 ( :N'‡ D\ \( :$? 6: %*D&   O\C%> oQX6N%>: $%(:- 4 44: )V %QX6J )}$%-.QX >kQ & $%-% +q -5  € $% 4O%*N D 43& "%(:%QX% +#  ‹9& \R D & M\C E 6: %5o;o $E&QXDM:"4' %4 D" ( : )QX[-9    "&R%(:%QX J> o\O9(  QA5 f t)  E D(„*G .E :)&+k i /q 6E4xA4O  l& R\ 9 (:%QXL 4x ( -O: 8k L& X D\ \( :$? 6i : %5MZ?/0%N'?*O& 8 68 k h%N'E (G\: > ? D ( D9 (:3eD 4' : )}& L  o\C:9 (:RQXD%> 4h/&:$'&d%(:%QX% +q& '

( ?5on 60D\O:QX g% D:

.O.%Q :$E& +: )&?/”XQXJ4 (#& LQX6N%%50,/0R4:$%- 9C%(:?/8*_& %R4%$  : 3$? D t& ?NR X ) $% +3:QX\ D$  t&  9C%& 6J: 3 0 -L: + E $' l\O:QX g% D: x.. QA5R]O:QX:(| 6(+* 4  ) : )A a)+J4x  0E D .eDQV D: L r (:-: & L :) : $? +M:QX\ $'" lk- (:(} D-QV 6:$*+&  -:.:$q? D$E&X (:)  i & QX D/[%(:(Y5 3. VISUAL CONTROL OF SEARCH ALGORITHMS f t& %$ : ‚/0}4O%$ :9CX V)%  E ("QX%$E& D :Q  & D3 (i

(:?/t-  h…J:- D( (Å D DE Dx%(:%QX% +aDX w(:-O  ”:

 E4O 8)-  4O} a$ QX\ -O 3% D$E&x QX\O6N&:3(:-: #5 ;o $E&x%(:%QX J$? x9Cl D:) %4u &:)&#*GQX?4O:- QA*CD8(:6/Š´}³º * ¿  ¿e· D5n=>-)& (X\C% 1J: )*+&% D$E&h D( )  & Q :[e+$%-?4V

 !0&qQX6N%B: & qn %: l \ \(: $% D: X 60QX [$%QX\( :$? 6?4 & D l& [QXD%n C&q & '[ D\ \( :$? 6: [ 4l D9C N 4L&  $% \C8 n& :\ D\C ?5

D( : )}& ) &i~QX9:( bX%(:%QX% +q D 4a:0k 9  44% Vk QŠ ( i : )3 +8(:?/qi~QX9 (:L (  QX% +%5 f 4' %4a D D(:' )5 pr4%QX .E 60& q$% $%%\O[D_QX9 (:/&V :QX\ (: cJi

DQX\ (:5x]J- \ \C X& V\ 9 (:%Q $% +E : R%% w%(:%QX% +R 4 &t\C:9 (:d(:-O  Xr& V\O9 (:%Q 6d (:(\C :9 (:d i 4O : ) h L&%d%(:%QX% +%5s€ -O&  a -QXt& DV&‚ (

D(:( ?/[?4xQX6N8:V./q D\‚b/0 46 D$%% +8%(:%QX% +%5,./q D\xD b/08%(:%QX J%*N _$% -*+:M4  ?4l M ( : )L (R&q/[  (  QX% +%5x]O- \\C*B& V$%- J ( -O: …:} e ( (:?/%*[ 4 /[8& ?N :) ?4h%(:%QX% +S(:6/ÅQX 9 :(::bdÆY& ?/ h: ?4È'*O%(i  QX% +>¥l  4 lQX%4:- Q QX9 :(:‚ÆY& ?/ a a+%(:(:6/È'* 4&  .Dn& 3 (  QX% +q& ?N3& ) &AQX9:( bxÆY&?/ A: h)  % CÈ'¢ ,Å? D$E&d (:)  & QŠ/0 - ( 4h9C8 D(:( ?/[?4h}./q D\d +\ D:>D

4D. $%% +%(:%QX JM (:V< Dq(:? D. & Dq& :)&QX9 (:X 4

%&  >& 63(:6/ÉQX9:( b+5"!0& 8? 6$'&d D(:) &Q $ - ( 4V&O- 'c\(: 3& \ D$%8 n (:-: & D> 63? $E& D9 (:89+ l :% D"- $E&h./0 \ %* : $%(:-4O: )¢

Œ & 6[ : ) (  QX% +0S3L(:6/zQX9 :(:R%% + (:(4i J  4 &\O9(  Q : +t/[t%\ 6E D- 9 \O9(  QX%*n9C &wD /&:$'&r D}QR- $E&‚QV D(:( '8& ‚& R :):  D(M 5},(:*#/& :(: QX%4:- Q}i~QX9:( bd%(:%QX% +L$? w$E& D )\C: G*n& %%( Di :NLDE4 $?  D9CL$E& D )%4G* 5 )O5:*_:::QX\C  9(:LXQX6N  (  QX% +  h9C eDX%(:%QX% +R¥J5 f xe $ ?*#e & :8:QX\ (:}'c DQ}i \(:*N& ' 6 (hI?F\C:9 (:>(:-: 0)  % l&  QX 9 :(::b ' )%5np{&-oQX 9 :(:::%%*&  q 6  8¥ H 'NH8\C:9 (:(i -O: %5q!0&O-%* &%8QX9 (::%?4-$%8& 8? 6$'&t\ $%L9+a e $ DD '+FDHO5[!0& ::QX\ (:3 c QX\(:34 QX .E 6%0& 34Ê_ i  J'Ê_%$  "? D$'&h  4 4%4R&-O8 & 68 D(:? D. 8  /

%:)&J9C > h&  -L 6k & 8QX6N:>\C'e QX%4G5

=>?4-$%: )d& h (  QX% +Rx&O%A4OÊ_ % +}O\C%} (:(:6/

 6-E D( J:- (::g? 6  V + e $%q& Do\6J 4%"& q- M 3) ? 6 4% (0D$% +(Y5tpra4O%$ :9CX/[t9 :$V/q %O& D& VQX i 9 :(::%8 4a& LJ:- D(/:(:([9C 4 X$ - (Rd D$'&:%NV>&V O-Ql9C LD>\C:9 (:QXD%L R-|i $   J(‚( D) 5t!0&X-  L$? D w :) wQX 9 :(:  La& X$%-.i QX'n & 0\O9(  Q”k+$%- n& [$%QX\- n% D$E&l l D? D /& :$E&x& d& : 1t& 6l& }QX .L\C % + ("eDLe-& L\Oi QX:g? D: #5 P[  4'&a&O%h%)   V 3$%- . QX }& ?/

: v€4O%$ :9C9C ( ?/8*J- [$? D V (:QV J- D( (RQXJ4kR&  $%-O% +M (:-: G5 7 J4kO: )8&0$%- Jo ( -O: X$? D }9Cq\ 6i :$%- ( 6(:- e-(N/& % L& o? D$E&l %QX#>9C[$? D- ) &J D /0 ( (Y5s€ a c QX\ (:*-\ \C d&t-  a D:$%%V& Da D { Q}i \C E D +$ - .QX':> D A& 8$%-O% +q-O5q;"N% h&-)& & l$%- . QX L:3Y DL|Q & l$%-% +8 -*G& }- 8/q D +

/[ ib4:QX% :  D(C)  4V$? 9C (  $ ?4h D 4}& >QX9:( bX < (:(

QX: } $ |4O: & D%) : A$? D A9C8 ?5 4.puoOVERVIEW

?/u4%$ :9C"& "OF e-( (NEUSER

D ) [ - ACTIONS 'n $'  D>\%$% QX\ -O?4 (:-: G5 pu 6/z4%$' 9C>? D$'&XO\C B $'  #5o!0&- [$? D VQV i - D(:(:AQXJ4ka& L$%- J> ( -O: ‚9Ja\C k QX: ) +h "&  \C:9( dQX6N%4O  ?4vk V& t$%-O% +a \ \(: $% D: { ‡&  $%-O% +L(:-: G*n- $E&u D8%\C:  )d u \C E D: u: r&  ‹ 9 &  \u D\ \ (::$? 6  #5 f dQV +tD0 -L D\ \ (::$? 6  %*< : ) (: - '[ D$ : X }& m f $? l JN 1Nq%N'E ( QX6N %5 f & q^3'i (::N h \ \(: $% D: G* eD'c DQX\ (:*O& 3- >$? t (  $ >Ql- (:\ (: $%-.QX > 4%QX6N>& %Q D(:(G/&t l: )(:L9 - h\O%%5 '[$? D a D(:R: JN1 8$% QX\ -O [% D$E&Vk  89C '[ ( -Oi : G50!0&8? D$E&d (:)D& Q .E Dk Q &3$%-O% + (:-:

4t cO\ (: %& \ $ l M(:-O  3& D3$% ‚9C? D$'&?4d9J

\\ (O: )3QX6N%n/& $E&V D> D( (:?/0%4}):N% }&qQX9 :(:l :) Oi QX% +M q4O%$ :9C?4 9C6N5"!0&- 0$? D : JN 1N>  D: bX  4Ê_  J% D$E&d (:)D:&QX%5[P[-% +(+*/[8\6J 43.% \C%.i 4 $%% +0 D 4l)D%?4J} cO& D- .:Nq? 6$'& D( )  & QXM 4X 3\C\Oi - ( 6l&%-:.:$V (:)D& QA*n$? D(:( %4rE 9 -r? D$E&{‘I6FJ*[I?SD¡„5AK[ &  cO& D- .:N (:)D& QX[.0% (:- 63 D( (C(:%) (GQX6N%%*N&%  (:( $% Ql9 : D: 0 E 9-V (i )D& Q  \C? D?4O(dQV 1N%>& 9C%.3\C :9 (:}QX6NLkQ &  $%-O% + (:-: G*/& :$E&tQV ?VO:%( 4t l/0DR ( -O: #5q,” 6i  bxDQX%$E& :QX8 DX-?4xh\O%N% +8E D9 -x|Q :QXQX?4i

D (:}9 $E1+E $E1J )L 4l8\ k q D(:' )L%(:%QX% +o& DM& ?N

D9C%% w D(:'?4r%$%% +(+5Aj-L:  (0'c\C'  $%X& 9C%%

& 6"E 9 -R? D$E&} -\C k QX" cO& D- .:N0? 6$'&l9 -"o%%QX - 'e- (_}\ODJ 4Ql- (:\ (:3% D$E&t (:)D& QXl& 3- %5 ,>| [&- 0& 6>: JN 1N?4X L? D$E&h D(:) &QA*+&  l$?

QX  n D 4X 4O\O[ 3'[D  (:-: R& 6L/0 V\ $%QX\-?4‚9Jd&X? D$E&… (:)D& QX \O: l& 8: + E D$ :N3\O:QX g% D: A   #5 5.prXCREATING

?/œ4:$%- L/&A 6NEW  L - APPLICATION ?4‚A\J4O- $%V D w + E D$ i

:NV \:QX:g? D: … D\ \( :$? 6: u eDX A  /œ\O9(  Q -: )t-O Dkb/q D8\( DeDQA*+/&a%QX\& D M X/& 6q:[  - ?4XD#& J:- D(: g% D: d$% QX\C  J?5 !0&[QV ?.D:bL & [$ J4[: L& %0 \ \(: $% D: n n& D?4L9+

D(:(+ J& %QA*? 4&J-#$% - ( 48 (:>9C"- ?489+3 q  /u D\ \( :$? 6: #5 m  :$l$ J4L:3- ?4hXQV D: JE D: A& $%-% +/0D1J )a (:-i : #*N&qQX9 :(::%%*O 4R& q& .D+5"!0& 0 (: f \-'£j-O\ -O?* : $%(:-4: ) ?J: ) 4}(:N 4O: )L #\ 9 (:%QXo 4V (:-: %*O 4 (: )): )‚- L9C%& 6J: ?*n DV (:t\C k QX?4‚9+x) % ' $X$ J45 €-& 'QX *J D(:(C-0 \\ (::$? D: 0- & > QX>:QX\ (:%QX% +E 6i : } &q? D$E&X D( )  & QXo D 4&m f ˆ "k o: JN1J: ) 4 QX  : )d&%QA5‚j-Ol:QX\ (:%QX JE 6: uD>&XE 9 -w% D$E&

D(:) &Qœe- $ : 09+XQXJ4|: )L&QX 9 :(:V D ) QX% +%5 !0&J-%*n&  V:R d 44:  D(09 -OE4% r u& 4O%N%(:\C'lD>

 /É \\ (::$? D: t: ADE4 ql9CL 9 (:3}-3E 9-h? 6$'&G5 j#$% -*J& 4%%(:\C [ n L '/ \\ (::$? D: aQl-.q4'  /& D V\ 9 (:%Q :L 4A/& D V(:-O  u:eD8& 6L \\ (::$? Di : #5  ;o $E&l\O9 (:%Q : .E $ q %?4O/ (:(o9C} D\ \ (::?4d&l$%-O% +8(:-: x& 63& R.O.i %Q QV D: JE D: %5a]O $% 4G*B&}J:- (::g? 6  w$%QX\C % +8QR- . & ?N} u-\_4 DRe- $ : ‚/& :$'&G*B/&% u$? D( (:?4_* u D\ \ $E&r:QX:( DLAZ-m8]t/0 L- %4‚A$ % DV x: i 'E $ :N) E D\ &ib4JE ?/: ).O.%QA*/& :$E&d (:(:6/-  >X\C. $  .E D: Jq X&   D((:-: #* [/[%(:(# D[\C eDQœQV Oi - (GQX6N%q D 4Rk%%g 8) E \&h%(:%QX Jq: & %$%-O% +\C i : őI ?¡~5uj& 'R%% D$E&v& R cO\ (: ?4w D(   6 hQX &Oi J4OheD‚4:J 4: )w& d/0D1{9C /[%% Å&J- QV D 4{$% QX\ -' : ‚$%+\C'E D:Nl \:QX:g? D: xD84  ) #5 f t& \ $  i~&O-O(: $E& %4- (:: )u \ \(: $% D: s‘ D¡„*eDh c DQX\ (:*0&A$%QX\- 4O i  $ L 4d% (:N%L$% O†:$ 8: +J4-$%?4d9Jh& l- ?ˆ 8   i QX JA a$E& %4- (:5 f ‚: + E $ :Nl$% .E : +ib9 ?4x4OE %/qi : )a D\ \( :$? 6: 5 )5:*o‘I?ŽO*nI '* ¸'» ¸¾ ¹½ ,9C³?½ ¿~¸'· D*CS¥OƄTÈ'¢ ŽFJ7I JŽNF O*"I?T Ž 'O5

Suggest Documents